1987年，俞浩出生于江苏南通一个电子工业蓬勃发展的乡镇。那一年，改革开放的春风让江苏南通的创 业精神彻底复苏，"宝石花"收音机与"桃花"电风扇拉开这座南方小城的"制造业"大幕。可以说，中国制 造业的蓬勃发展伴随了俞浩的成长，也为其悄然埋下了痴迷技术的种子。 童年的俞浩痴迷飞机，他甚至能根据飞机飞过的画面和声音，就能准确辨别飞机型号。而为了未来的飞 机制造梦想，俞浩在初中时就自学了流体力学知识。遗憾的是，俞浩的飞机制造梦想至今都没有实现， 但他在中国智能清洁领域却培育了一个估值超200亿元的"独角兽"——追觅科技。 01 "飞天梦"与"天空工场" 2005年，俞浩因为物理竞赛获奖被保送清华大学，为了圆自己造飞机的"飞天梦"，他毅然选择了航空航 天专业。那时的他对于"造飞机"，几乎到了痴狂的地步，笔记本上画满了机翼与气流线。 2009年，为了全身心地投入到飞行器的研发之中，俞浩在清华园创办了国内最早的创客空间"天空工 场"，主攻飞行器研发。三旋翼、四旋翼无人机在当时还鲜为人知，但是俞浩和他的团队已经能够做出 稳定飞行的原型机。 俞浩的常规成长路线应该是进入飞机制造企业，成为一名研发工程师。但在与一位从事飞机制造 ...

If you’re trying to build wealth, your first six figures in savings is a huge milestone. That’s according to the late billionaire Charlie Munger. “It’s a b—-, but you gotta do it,” Munger told investors at an annual Berkshire Hathaway meeting two decades ago. “I don’t care what you have to do — if it means walking everywhere and not eating anything that wasn’t purchased with a coupon, find a way to get your hands on $100,000. After that, you can ease off the gas a little bit.” Must Read Munger was foc ...

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 祝大家中秋节快乐～ 以前在微博上，有一个很火爆的话题：一个刚毕业的大学生，手里有1万元，该做什么投资理财呢？ 螺丝钉认为，对年轻人来说，这1万元主要还是以积累经验为主。 可以体验一下各类基金品种的投资，比如掌握各种基金的投资技巧，体验股票基金的波动风险，给自己积累一些市场经验。 不过巧妇难为无米之炊，年轻人的主要精力还是应该放在如何增长自己的收入上面。 对年轻人，工作提升收入更重要 对于年轻上班族来说，认真工作，才是让自己资产变多的最佳途径，而不是靠投资。 刚工作不久的年轻人，努力工作几年，工资薪水大幅增长，并不困难。 但 年轻的时候手里资金少，就算等来了一轮牛市，收益率不错，但由于资产的总量少，实际上也解决不了太多的问题。例如手里就1万元，那即便 迎来一波牛市，也就再赚1万。解决不了太多生活问题。 年轻的时候，最主要的是努力拼搏，无论是上班工作还是努力创业，靠事业提升收入是最关键的。 等收入提升起来之后，可以依靠投资让积累的财富更好的增值。 不过，有一句话说的很好，选择比努力更重要。 如果一开始工作就选错了方向，即使自己非常努力，可能最后还是没有太好的成就。 什么样的 ...

"为什么别人买基金能赚钱，自己却总踩坑？"这是无数基民共同的困惑。选基金不是开盲盒，更不是追热点买爆款，而是需要一套科学筛选逻辑。本文将拆 解选基三大核心维度——历史业绩、基金经理、夏普比率，用真实案例和通俗计算方式，教你用专业视角避开雷区，找到真正值得托付的"潜力基"。 误区警示：新基金宣传"申购费1折""首日售罄"，这类营销话术与基金赚钱能力无关。历史业绩虽不代表未来收益，但却是验证基金竞争力的"试金石"。 筛选步骤： 1. 优先选择成立3年以上的老基金 2. 权益类基金（如股票型、混合型）需经历完整市场周期检验。新基金缺乏历史数据支撑，如同"盲人摸象"，难以评估真实水平。 3. 同类排名前1/4是基准线 9. 案例：某消费主题基金2018年沪深300下跌25%，该基金仅跌18%；2019年迅速反弹55%，体现攻守兼备特性。 股票型基金经理：长期年化15%以上为优秀； 债券型基金经理：年化5%-8%且最大回撤小于3%为佳。 对比案例： 经理A：前3年收益100%，后2年每年亏损60%，5年累计回报仅28%； 经理B：每年稳定回报15%，5年累计收益达101%。 数据支撑：据Wind统计，近10年偏股混合型 ...

Core Insights - A recent Empower study reveals that while 83% of Americans believe there is no specific age for achieving life milestones, 45% wish they had started saving earlier, with the ideal age for retirement savings perceived to be 27 [1][3]. Group 1: Retirement Savings Insights - There is no universally perfect age to start saving for retirement; the recommendation is to start as early as possible [3]. - The concept of compounding is emphasized as a crucial factor in wealth building, highlighting that the earlier one starts saving, the more time there is for investments to grow [4]. - The analogy of planting a tree is used to illustrate the importance of early saving; starting young allows for growth and resilience against financial challenges [5]. Group 2: Strategies for Catching Up on Retirement Savings - For those who have not started saving by age 27, it is advised to take proactive steps rather than dwell on past decisions [5]. - The IRS allows for significant contributions to retirement accounts, with a maximum of $23,500 for 401(k) contributions in 2025, and an additional $7,500 for those aged 50 and older [6]. - Utilizing a Roth 401(k) can provide tax-free withdrawals in retirement, with the contribution limit for Roth IRAs set at $7,000 in 2025, or $8,000 for individuals over 50 [7].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that Y-share funds have a dividend mechanism designed to encourage long-term investment during the personal pension accumulation phase, with a default reinvestment of dividends to enhance long-term returns through compounding effects [1][4][6] Group 2 - Regarding dividend frequency, some funds currently support monthly dividends, while quarterly, semi-annual, or annual dividends are more common, with specific details outlined in the fund contract [2] - The dividend distribution process does not involve taxes, and when using the reinvestment method, no fees are incurred; taxes will be uniformly assessed at a rate of 3% upon the final withdrawal of personal pensions [2] Group 3 - The significant impact of the reinvestment mechanism on long-term returns is highlighted, with the example of the CSI 300 index showing a cumulative increase of 311% from December 31, 2004, while the total return index, including reinvested dividends, increased by 507%, demonstrating a 196 percentage point difference attributed to the compounding effect of dividends [4][6] Group 4 - The reinvestment mechanism is likened to a snowball effect, where initial growth may be slow, but as the investment grows, the rate of increase can exceed expectations, thus benefiting investors in their long-term pension accumulation [6]

Core Viewpoint - Index funds are increasingly favored by investors due to their characteristics of being "easy, cost-effective, and low-effort" amidst heightened market volatility and the frequent occurrence of "champion curse" among fund managers [1] Group 1: Advantages of Index Funds - Broad Selection Range: Index funds cover a wider range than actively managed funds, allowing investors to choose freely. The automatic rebalancing of indices helps eliminate underperforming companies and include new quality firms [1] - Low Transaction Costs: The management fee for index funds typically ranges from 0.15% to 0.5%, compared to 0.8% to 1.5% for actively managed funds. For a principal of 100,000, a lower fee can accumulate approximately 34,000 more in returns over 20 years at an 8% annual return [2][3] - Risk Diversification: Index funds invest in a basket of stocks, effectively avoiding "black swan" risks associated with individual stocks. For instance, a certain actively managed fund fell 40% due to heavy exposure to education stocks, while an index fund tracking the CSI 500 only dropped 2% during the same period [5] - High Transparency: The holdings of index funds are publicly available daily, adhering strictly to the index's component stock ratios, which mitigates the risk of "style drift" seen in actively managed funds [6] Group 2: Suitable Investor Types - Dollar-Cost Averaging Investors: The passive tracking nature of index funds aligns perfectly with the strategy of dollar-cost averaging, allowing investors to benefit from long-term market trends [10] - New Investors: Index funds serve as a "pitfall avoidance tool" for newcomers, offering a straightforward strategy without the need for in-depth analysis of fund managers or financial statements [11] - Long-Term Investors: The returns of index funds are closely tied to macroeconomic performance, with historical data showing that as long as the economy grows, indices will trend upward [12][13] - Busy Professionals: Index funds are a time-efficient choice for busy individuals, allowing for automatic investments without the need for constant market monitoring [16]

Group 1 - The article discusses how society encourages individuals to spend money to drive economic growth, emphasizing that without consumption, there is no vitality in the economy [2][3] - It highlights the concept of consumerism, where businesses manipulate perceptions of value to create a sense of vanity, leading consumers to pay more than the actual worth of products [3][4] - The text points out that the average person's savings are often targeted, with strategies designed to keep individuals in a state of low or negative savings, thus ensuring continuous economic contribution [4][5] Group 2 - The article identifies a critical savings threshold of around 200,000, where individuals begin to experience the benefits of compound interest and investment, marking a potential turning point in financial independence [4] - It warns against the dangers of overspending, particularly when individuals use a significant portion of their savings for consumption, equating it to financial ruin [5] - The importance of maintaining a disciplined approach to spending is emphasized, suggesting that individuals should only use a small percentage of their total wealth for purchases to avoid jeopardizing their financial stability [5]

Core Insights - Stock investment is increasingly becoming a preferred choice for wealth management, offering greater potential returns compared to traditional methods like deposits and bonds, while requiring active market engagement and financial literacy [1][2][5] Group 1: Investment Strategy - Stock investment should be viewed as part of a family's overall asset allocation rather than a standalone speculative activity, with a recommended limit of 30% of investable assets allocated to stocks [2][4] - A balanced investment approach combining stocks with low-risk assets like bonds and funds can provide both high returns and financial stability [2][4] Group 2: Selection Criteria - The "three-match" principle should guide stock selection: alignment with personal understanding, risk tolerance, and investment horizon [4] - New investors are advised to start with broad index funds or high-dividend blue-chip stocks, which offer lower volatility and simpler logic [4] Group 3: Long-term Value - The long-term value of stock investment lies in the "compound interest effect" and its ability to combat inflation, with historical annualized returns for quality A-shares ranging from 8% to 12% [5][6] - Maintaining a long-term holding strategy while avoiding significant losses is crucial for realizing the benefits of compounding [5][6]

Core Insights - Wealth accumulation is a journey that involves understanding human nature and avoiding common cognitive biases that lead to financial pitfalls [1] - The article identifies five major cognitive biases that hinder wealth growth and emphasizes the importance of breaking free from the "poor cycle" to achieve financial awakening [1] Cognitive Blind Spots - Salary growth is insufficient to counteract inflation, and relying solely on a single income stream does not lead to significant financial transformation [2] - The lack of understanding of the compounding effect results in missed opportunities for wealth generation [2] Strategies for Breaking the Cycle - Construct an income pyramid: base income from salary, supplemented by side jobs, and topped with asset income (e.g., rent, dividends) to achieve income diversification [3] - Learn the "money-making money" logic through tools like index fund investments and real estate to allow capital to participate in wealth distribution and leverage compounding for wealth multiplication [3] Case Study - Investing 1,000 yuan monthly in an index fund with an average annual return of 10% could yield approximately 480,000 yuan in principal and returns after 20 years, significantly surpassing linear savings [4] Consumption Misconceptions - There is a tendency to equate consumption with happiness, leading to indulgence in luxury goods and immediate gratification, resulting in a cycle of increased income, upgraded consumption, and debt accumulation [5] - Advertising creates false demands, and credit cards amplify consumption desires, squeezing investment capacity [6] Solutions to Consumption Issues - Layer needs: distinguish between survival needs (food, housing), development needs (education, health), and vanity needs (luxury goods), prioritizing investment in the first two [7] - Establish a consumption firewall: save 30% of income before spending, use cash to curb impulsive purchases, and regularly declutter to free up funds for investment [7] Actionable Recommendations - Implement a "cooling-off period" for consumption decisions, especially for large expenditures, by asking if it truly enhances long-term value [8] Behavioral Patterns - Investors often either engage in blind speculation (e.g., P2P, cryptocurrencies) or overly conservative strategies (e.g., keeping all funds in banks) [10] - The alternating dominance of greed and fear leads to a lack of systematic investment knowledge, with greed resulting in high-risk losses and fear causing a decline in purchasing power due to inflation [11] Balancing Investment Approaches - Risk-reward allocation should be based on risk tolerance, with a suggested asset mix of 60% stable (bonds) and 40% growth (stocks, funds) or vice versa [12] - Learning basic financial knowledge is crucial for mastering asset allocation, compounding calculations, and market cycles, while avoiding herd mentality in investment decisions [12] Time Management Insights - Time is often undervalued, with individuals focusing on short-term gains (e.g., part-time income) at the expense of self-improvement and asset appreciation [13] - A proposed time allocation strategy includes dedicating 30% to leisure, 50% to income-generating activities, and 20% to investment learning [14] Evidence of Learning Impact - Research indicates that individuals who invest five hours weekly in learning about investments have three times the average wealth of those who do not over a decade [15] Overcoming Rigid Thinking - Sticking to outdated beliefs (e.g., "buying a house is always profitable") and avoiding new trends (e.g., digital currencies, AI economy) can hinder financial growth [16] - The article contrasts proactive planners with passive executors, highlighting that wealth disparities can reach five times over five years [18] Action Plan for Wealth Accumulation - Maintain an open mindset by reading ten financial books annually, participating in industry forums, and staying updated on policy and technology trends [20] - Create a wealth blueprint with clear short-term, medium-term, and long-term financial goals, breaking them down into actionable daily tasks [20] - Shift from salary-based thinking to asset-based thinking, from consumerism to value investing, and from risk aversion to risk management [20]