21世纪创投研究院研究员 申俊涵 随着政府投资基金发展步入"提质增效"的深水区，其管理模式正加速向市场化、专业化演进。 地方政府所青睐的基金管理人类型正走向多元化。2024年，我们观察到券商私募子公司一度成为香饽饽，中金资本、海通开 元、国泰君安创新投资、财通资本等券商系力量均发力区域母基金业务，与地方政府的合作愈加密切。 2025年，在政策指引下，银行系AIC（金融资产投资公司）正加速涌入股权投资市场，成为跟政府投资基金、地方国资合作的常 客。同时，产业背景CVC团队也成为地方政府的座上宾。 具体到对子基金的管理层面，市场化举措在不断被推出，这也让我们更加清晰看到，政府投资基金扮演耐心资本、大胆资本的 角色。比如，多地对子基金的返投比例不断降低，返投认定范围进一步宽松；存量和增量政府投资基金的存续期限都得到延 长；尽职免责机制不断完善，基金的容亏率不断提升，甚至多个地方提出单个项目的容亏比例可以达到100%。 同时，2025年对政府投资基金的管理费形成较多讨论。"1号文"明确了政府投资基金的管理费标准，一般应以实缴出资或实际投 资金额为计费基础。2025年，多地出台政府投资基金新规，也对管理费作出最新规定。 ...

深圳迎来一支重磅国资基金。 1 2月1 5日，注册规模1 8 9 . 0 1亿元的"深圳市国创引科创投资合伙企业（有限合伙）"（以下简 称"国创引科创基金" ） 正式注册成立，注册地为深圳市前海深港合作区南山街道。 | 企业名称 | 深圳市国创引科创投资合伙企业(有限合伙) | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 执行事务合伙人 | 面 深圳市国创引投资有限公司 | 登记状态 2 | 存续 | | | | 成立日期 | 2025-12-15 | | 统一社会信用代码 2 | 91440300MAK3JH2F13 | 出资额 | 1890100万人民币 | | 工商注册号 | 440300227824859 | 纳税人识别号 2 | 91440300MAK3JH2F13 | | 营业期限 | 2025-12-15 至 无固定期限 | 纳税人资质 | | | 企业类型 | 有限合伙 | 行业 | 资本市场服务 | | 參侯人数 | | 英文名称 | Shenzhen Guochuang Yinke Innov | | | | | (自动翻译) | | 登记机关 | | 主要经营场所 2 ...

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen is actively exploring new production relationships and institutional frameworks to adapt to the development of new technologies and organizational systems, aiming to become a hub for innovative productivity [1][2]. Group 1: Innovation in Robotics and AI - The successful participation of humanoid robots in various public roles, including the recent torch relay, highlights Shenzhen's advancements in AI and robotics [2]. - The city is integrating innovation chains, industry chains, capital chains, and talent chains to establish itself as a source and incubator of new productivity [2]. Group 2: Government as an Innovation Partner - The establishment of specialized industry offices for pharmaceuticals, new energy vehicles, and artificial intelligence reflects a shift in government roles from mere management to active partnership in innovation [4]. - The newly formed Longgang District AI and Robotics Bureau aims to streamline planning, ecosystem development, and talent recruitment, showcasing a market-oriented approach to governance [5]. Group 3: Restructuring Source Innovation - Shenzhen's innovation ecosystem is being bolstered by the establishment of dedicated institutions like the Shenzhen Natural Science Fund Committee and the New Productivity Technology Promotion Center, focusing on both basic research and technology commercialization [7][8]. - The introduction of technical managers aims to bridge the gap between technology and market needs, enhancing the commercialization of research outcomes [8][9]. Group 4: Encouraging Capital Investment - The concept of "bold capital" has been introduced to encourage long-term investment in innovative enterprises, with initiatives like "Shenzhen Venture Capital Day" attracting significant participation from global investment institutions [11][12]. - The Shenzhen government has established various funds to support key industries, including a 5 billion yuan semiconductor investment fund, to strengthen the local innovation ecosystem [12]. Group 5: Embracing Failure in Innovation - Shenzhen's legal framework now supports entrepreneurs facing failure, allowing for personal bankruptcy and restructuring, which reduces the risks associated with innovation [12]. - The establishment of a comprehensive service platform for both corporate and personal bankruptcy reflects a commitment to fostering a culture that values innovation while being tolerant of failure [12].

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen is actively exploring innovative mechanisms and institutional reforms to adapt to new technologies and production relationships, positioning itself as a hub for new productive forces and innovation [1][2][3]. Group 1: Innovation and Government Role - The government of Shenzhen is evolving from a traditional management role to becoming an "innovation partner" and risk-sharer, particularly in emerging industries like AI and robotics [3][4]. - The establishment of specialized industry offices for pharmaceuticals, new energy vehicles, and artificial intelligence reflects a shift towards a more dynamic and responsive governance model [2][3]. Group 2: New Institutional Frameworks - The launch of the first government-affiliated institution for AI and robotics in Longgang District aims to enhance industry planning, ecosystem development, and service for enterprises [3][4]. - The new institution employs a "market-oriented personnel mechanism" and is actively recruiting global talent to drive innovation and technology planning [4]. Group 3: Research and Development Initiatives - Shenzhen is focusing on foundational research and technology transfer, with the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation Committee supporting ten key areas, including advanced manufacturing and quantum computing [5][6]. - The establishment of the New Productive Forces Technology Promotion Center aims to create a comprehensive service matrix for technology transfer, integrating resources across academia and industry [6][7]. Group 4: Capital and Investment Strategies - Shenzhen is promoting "bold capital" to encourage long-term investment in innovation, with initiatives like "Shenzhen Venture Capital Day" attracting over 5,500 investment institutions [8][9]. - The city has set up various industry guidance funds, including a 5 billion yuan semiconductor investment fund, to support critical areas of the industry [9]. Group 5: Innovation Ecosystem and Cultural Shift - Shenzhen is redefining its innovation ecosystem by allowing for failure and providing legal frameworks for personal bankruptcy, which encourages entrepreneurship [9][10]. - The establishment of a comprehensive service platform for corporate and personal restructuring reflects a commitment to reducing the costs of innovation and fostering a culture that values both success and failure [9][10].

Group 1 - Shenzhen has developed a robust financial ecosystem with 24 securities firms, 31 public fund management companies, 14 futures companies, and 2,977 private fund managers, ranking among the top in China [7] - As of April 2025, Shenzhen's private equity and venture capital funds have invested in over 20,000 projects, supporting approximately 12,000 companies nationwide with total investments exceeding 1 trillion yuan [7] Group 2 - Shenzhen's venture capital institution, Shenchuang Investment, was established to support technology companies in overcoming financing challenges, reflecting a dual mission of promoting growth and facilitating market-oriented development [8][9] - Shenchuang Investment has created a fund ecosystem exceeding 480 billion yuan, providing over 300 billion yuan in support to more than 3,500 companies, including over 900 specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises [9][10] Group 3 - The private sector plays a crucial role in Shenzhen's economy, with approximately 70% of the 400+ A-share listed companies being private enterprises, contributing 80% of the city's technological innovations [11][14] - Shenzhen's industrial landscape is characterized by a complete supply chain in advanced manufacturing, a strong innovation atmosphere, and effective policy-capital collaboration, fostering numerous technology-driven "unicorns" [14] Group 4 - Guoxin Securities has assisted 68 Shenzhen companies in going public, with nearly 70% being technology innovation firms, raising a total of 83.4 billion yuan through 114 equity financing projects [16] - Guoxin Securities has developed a comprehensive financial service model covering the entire lifecycle of companies, from incubation to listing and industry integration [16][17] Group 5 - Songhe Capital, one of China's oldest private venture capital firms, has invested in 208 Shenzhen technology companies, focusing on sectors like artificial intelligence and biomedicine, managing over 30 billion yuan in various funds [18][21] - The firm emphasizes the importance of patience and courage in supporting early-stage technology companies, providing essential funding and guidance throughout their growth journey [19][21]

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen has introduced a new guideline to promote tolerance for failure in the technology innovation sector, aiming to create a supportive environment for innovation and investment [1][3][4]. Group 1: Guidelines and Implementation - The Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Bureau released the "Guidelines for Tolerance of Failure in the Field of Technological Innovation" which outlines the guiding principles and basic conditions for recognizing responsible performance [1][2]. - The guidelines specify that various fiscal special funds' administrative departments are responsible for implementing the tolerance for failure and responsible performance recognition work, detailing five diligence conditions and nine exemption scenarios [2]. Group 2: Capital Strategies - Shenzhen has proposed the concept of "Bold Capital" to encourage investment in high-risk frontier technology fields, promoting a culture of "daring to try and make mistakes" [4][5]. - The South District of Shenzhen has established a strategic direct investment seed fund and angel fund with a total scale of 500 million yuan, allowing for a 100% loss on individual projects [5]. - The Futian District has introduced a risk tolerance policy for government investment funds, permitting up to 80% loss on certain projects, with some projects allowed to incur a 100% loss [6]. Group 3: National Trends - Other regions, such as Wuhan and Sichuan, are also adopting similar tolerance mechanisms for investment losses, indicating a growing trend among local governments to accept full losses in venture capital [7][8]. - The national government has emphasized the need for a sound tolerance mechanism for government investment funds, encouraging a supportive environment for innovation and risk-taking [10][11]. Group 4: Fund Development and Performance - Shenzhen aims to establish a "double ten thousand" structure by 2026, targeting a trillion-level "20+8" industry fund group and over 10,000 registered equity investment and venture capital funds [11][12]. - The city plans to create three new mother funds to enhance its existing fund system, focusing on cross-border cooperation and specialized investment [12][15]. - Shenzhen's national leadership in venture capital is reflected in its comprehensive fund ecosystem, which includes over 500 funds with a total scale exceeding 700 billion yuan, primarily directed towards strategic emerging industries [15][20]. Group 5: Innovative Measures - Shenzhen has introduced a risk compensation scheme for technology innovation seed funds, integrating insurance to mitigate risks associated with project failures [19]. - The city has also established local standards for venture capital and innovation ecosystems, showcasing its commitment to fostering a robust investment environment [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - The newly implemented "Ningxia Autonomous Region Government Investment Fund Management Measures" introduces significant changes in fund management fees, emphasizing a shift towards performance-based compensation rather than traditional management fees based on committed capital [1][2]. Summary by Sections Fund Management Fees - The management fee is capped at 2% of the actual investment amount per year, calculated based on the actual investment time [1]. - This marks a departure from the previous industry norm where management fees were typically based on committed capital [2]. - The trend indicates increasing expectations for General Partners (GPs) to deliver valuable projects rather than relying solely on management fees for income [1][2]. Trends in the Primary Market - There is a noted downward trend in overall management fees in the primary market, with recent guidelines suggesting that management fees should be based on actual contributions or investments rather than committed capital [2]. - The Ningxia regulation is seen as a new approach, potentially influencing other regions to adopt similar practices [2]. Importance of Trust Between LPs and GPs - The relationship between Limited Partners (LPs) and GPs is crucial, with management fees intended to cover operational costs while excess returns are what ultimately benefit GPs [3][4]. - The industry is moving towards greater standardization and professionalism, reducing the number of GPs who rely solely on management fees [4]. Error Tolerance Mechanism - The Ningxia measures include a detailed error tolerance mechanism, allowing for flexibility in cases where expected outcomes are not met due to innovative approaches or unforeseen circumstances [5][6]. - This mechanism is designed to encourage risk-taking and innovation within government investment funds [9]. National Policy Context - The new measures align with national policies aimed at optimizing government investment fund management and establishing a robust error tolerance mechanism [8][9]. - Recent policies have emphasized the need for a supportive environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, which is reflected in Ningxia's approach [8][9]. Future Expectations - There is an anticipation for more regions to adopt similar frameworks that enhance the incentive structures and error tolerance mechanisms for government investment funds, promoting long-term and patient capital [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses Tianjin's "Action Plan for Promoting New Quality Productivity Development through Science and Technology Finance (2025-2027)", which aims to enhance the scale and effectiveness of science and technology investment funds, targeting a fund size exceeding 2 trillion yuan by 2027 [1][2]. Group 1: Investment Measures - Tianjin plans to implement 60 measures across 18 areas to support the development of new quality productivity [1]. - The plan includes a full-cycle equity investment enhancement initiative, which features significant incentives for venture capital institutions investing in unlisted technology companies [2][3]. - The single-level contribution cap for government funds is set at 70%, while the combined contribution cap for both levels is 80%, making it one of the most favorable policies nationwide [2][3]. Group 2: Government Fund Management - The action plan aims to optimize the management of government-owned capital funds, increasing the contribution limits for municipal and district-level funds [3][4]. - The plan aligns with the State Council's recent guidelines promoting high-quality development of government investment funds, encouraging the removal of restrictions on fund managers' registration locations and optimizing contribution adjustment mechanisms [2][8]. Group 3: Risk Tolerance Mechanisms - There is a growing trend among local governments to adopt risk tolerance mechanisms, allowing for significant losses in investments, with some regions permitting up to 100% loss on individual projects [11][12]. - The article highlights that the establishment of a robust error-tolerance mechanism is crucial for enhancing the performance and accountability of government investment funds [10][11]. Group 4: Future Expectations - The article expresses hope for more regions in China to optimize their government investment fund and state-owned capital fund incentive and error-tolerance mechanisms, promoting the development of long-term and patient capital [13].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a financial high-level open corridor in the Guangdong Free Trade Zone is aimed at supporting the high-quality development of the real economy through financial openness and innovation [1][2]. Group 1: Financial Development in Qianhai - Qianhai is positioned as a crucial link between Hong Kong and the mainland, focusing on attracting international capital and supporting enterprises to list in Hong Kong [2][3]. - Over the past decade, Qianhai has attracted a total of $38.2 billion in foreign investment, accounting for 67% of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone's total [2]. - The number of customs-registered enterprises in Qianhai has increased to over 11,000, a growth of 5.7 times since its establishment [2]. Group 2: Capital Market and Listing Support - Qianhai aims to become a nurturing base for companies planning to list in Hong Kong, leveraging Hong Kong's international legal and regulatory framework alongside Shenzhen's industrial advantages [3][4]. - In the first half of this year, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange led global IPO financing with 40 new listings raising HK$102.1 billion [4]. - By 2025, the Hong Kong market is expected to see 80 new listings, with a total financing amount projected to reach HK$200 billion [4]. Group 3: Financial Infrastructure and Cross-Border Finance - The Qianhai Equity Exchange Center is designed to facilitate enterprises in listing in Hong Kong, with a focus on enhancing the listing nurturing mechanism [5]. - Qianhai has established six cross-border financial brands, including cross-border RMB loans and dual-currency bond issuance, to attract international capital [5]. - As of the end of 2024, Qianhai's FT accounts have surpassed ¥1 trillion in cross-border receipts and payments [5]. Group 4: Support for Small and Medium Enterprises - The development of "patient capital" and "bold capital" is emphasized to improve the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises and technology companies [6][7]. - The "Technology Startup Pass" credit product has served over 3,200 enterprises, with 80% being early-stage tech companies, providing loans totaling ¥3.8 billion at a low interest rate of 3.45% [6]. - The first private equity fund management license for insurance capital has been issued in Qianhai, with an initial fund size of ¥30 billion [7]. Group 5: Supply Chain Finance - Qianhai is recognized as a major hub for supply chain finance, aiming to support the transformation of the manufacturing sector and promote inclusive finance [9][10]. - The region has launched the first national action plan to promote the development of the factoring industry, establishing itself as a model for supply chain finance innovation [9]. - By May 2025, Shenzhen is expected to have 11,000 specialized small and medium enterprises, providing a strong market for supply chain financing [10].

Core Viewpoint - The recent release of the "Opinions on Deepening Reform and Innovation in Shenzhen's Comprehensive Reform Pilot" emphasizes the need for Shenzhen to build a higher-level open economy, focusing on optimizing goods trade and enhancing service trade innovation [1] Group 1: Economic Growth and Trade - Qianhai is identified as a core area for promoting high-level opening up, with 17 out of 48 reform measures implemented there [1] - By 2024, Qianhai is projected to achieve a GDP of 300.88 billion yuan, an 8.6% year-on-year increase, with imports and exports reaching 706.65 billion yuan, a 42.4% increase [1] - Actual foreign investment in Qianhai is expected to be 26.65 billion yuan, accounting for 60.4% of Shenzhen's total [1] Group 2: Financial Sector Initiatives - Qianhai will focus on emerging finance, cross-border finance, supply chain finance, and technology finance, introducing intellectual property securitization products and establishing a nurturing base for companies going public in Hong Kong [1][2] - The "Technology Startup Pass" credit program has been launched, and the first private equity fund management license for insurance capital has been issued in Shenzhen [3] Group 3: Talent and Innovation - The reform in education and talent systems aims to integrate innovation chains, industry chains, capital chains, and talent chains to create a new source of productivity [2] - Qianhai will provide rapid patent review services for Hong Kong innovation entities and establish an international technology transfer center [2] Group 4: Trade and Service Development - Qianhai has pioneered a "one-time inspection, one-time certification, one-time passage" model for goods trade, enhancing trade facilitation and liberalization [3][4] - The area will promote cross-border e-commerce, bonded maintenance, and display trading, aiming to expand the scale and variety of foreign trade [4] Group 5: Digital Trade and Data Industry - Qianhai has launched a cross-border data verification platform and initiated the first national data broker innovation center [3] - Future plans include exploring diversified data circulation and transaction methods, and establishing an offshore data center [3][6] Group 6: Service Trade Expansion - The service trade sector in Qianhai is experiencing steady growth, with rapid increases in cross-border payment and gaming industries [5][6] - The area will implement a negative list for cross-border service trade and enhance the liberalization of service trade with Hong Kong and Macau [6]