深圳中轴线 张秀杰 张纳沙 厉伟 2025年8月26日，深圳经济特区迎来建立45周年。 作为中国改革开放的"窗口"和"试验田"，深圳在45年的发展历程中，不仅哺育了高质量的上市公司群 体，也培育了市场化、有竞争力的中介机构"深圳军团"。 20世纪90年代，深圳面临"二次创业"的艰难抉择，为扭转"三来一补"的发展惯性，深圳积极布局、未雨 绸缪，推动成立了深创投，支持科技企业通过资本市场融资，以期解决融资难、融资贵的难题。 这也意味着，深创投从成立伊始，便肩负双重使命：既要扛起推动科技企业成长、助力产业转型升级的 重任，也要在前沿领域蹚出一条国有企业市场化发展的新路子。 生于深圳： 市场化国有风投机构的创新基因 深圳45年来创造的伟大奇迹，离不开特区精神。深创投从成立伊始，便确立了"政府引导、市场化运 作"的原则，避免行政干预，以经济规律与国际惯例为导向，构建灵活高效的决策机制。"立足深圳、面 向全国"，打破地域限制，允许资金投向全国，为服务国家科技产业发展大局奠定基础。 截至2025年6月底，深圳共有证券公司24家、公募基金管理公司31家（经营地口径）、期货公司14家、 私募基金管理人2977家，均位居全国前三 ...

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen has introduced a new guideline to promote tolerance for failure in the technology innovation sector, aiming to create a supportive environment for innovation and investment [1][3][4]. Group 1: Guidelines and Implementation - The Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Bureau released the "Guidelines for Tolerance of Failure in the Field of Technological Innovation" which outlines the guiding principles and basic conditions for recognizing responsible performance [1][2]. - The guidelines specify that various fiscal special funds' administrative departments are responsible for implementing the tolerance for failure and responsible performance recognition work, detailing five diligence conditions and nine exemption scenarios [2]. Group 2: Capital Strategies - Shenzhen has proposed the concept of "Bold Capital" to encourage investment in high-risk frontier technology fields, promoting a culture of "daring to try and make mistakes" [4][5]. - The South District of Shenzhen has established a strategic direct investment seed fund and angel fund with a total scale of 500 million yuan, allowing for a 100% loss on individual projects [5]. - The Futian District has introduced a risk tolerance policy for government investment funds, permitting up to 80% loss on certain projects, with some projects allowed to incur a 100% loss [6]. Group 3: National Trends - Other regions, such as Wuhan and Sichuan, are also adopting similar tolerance mechanisms for investment losses, indicating a growing trend among local governments to accept full losses in venture capital [7][8]. - The national government has emphasized the need for a sound tolerance mechanism for government investment funds, encouraging a supportive environment for innovation and risk-taking [10][11]. Group 4: Fund Development and Performance - Shenzhen aims to establish a "double ten thousand" structure by 2026, targeting a trillion-level "20+8" industry fund group and over 10,000 registered equity investment and venture capital funds [11][12]. - The city plans to create three new mother funds to enhance its existing fund system, focusing on cross-border cooperation and specialized investment [12][15]. - Shenzhen's national leadership in venture capital is reflected in its comprehensive fund ecosystem, which includes over 500 funds with a total scale exceeding 700 billion yuan, primarily directed towards strategic emerging industries [15][20]. Group 5: Innovative Measures - Shenzhen has introduced a risk compensation scheme for technology innovation seed funds, integrating insurance to mitigate risks associated with project failures [19]. - The city has also established local standards for venture capital and innovation ecosystems, showcasing its commitment to fostering a robust investment environment [17][18].

日前，宁夏回族自治区人民政府出台《宁夏回族自治区政府投资基金管理办法》（以下简称 《管理办法》）。 "建立容错机制。遵循基金投资运作规律，容忍正常投资风险。对相关机构在推进政府投资基 金管理、投资、运作过程中，因改革创新、先行先试，已履职尽责，但未能实现预期目标或出 现偏差的情形，予以宽容。 容错机制适用于下列情形 : 母基金研究中心注意到，《管理办法》中有关基金管理费的规定值得关注： "基金管理费由出 资人在基金章程或合伙协议中约定， 具体标准每年合计不超过基金实际投资金额的 2%， 以 实际投资时间计算。管理费可按季度先行预提，按绩效考核结果最终确认 。对受托管理机构前 期开展工作所发生的费用，根据实际情况，在绩效考核时可酌情予以考虑。 " "此前业内惯例是GP每年度收取基金认缴规模2%的管理费。管理费的变化，也反映出来行业对 GP的要求越来越高了，只靠收管理费过活不太可能了，本质上还是要靠投出有价值的项目来挣 钱。"北京某早期基金执行董事林棋（化名）对母基金研究中心表示。 林棋指出， 一级市场整体管理费正在出现下降趋势 ——" 1月国务院办公厅印发的《关于促进 政府投资基金高质量发展的指导意见》，其中明 ...

7月2日消息，天津市就《天津市科技金融助力新质生产力发展行动方案（2 0 2 5 - 2 0 2 7年）》 （以下简称《行动方案》）公开征求意见。根据方案，天津拟从1 8个方面推出6 0项措施，助力 新质生产力发展。到2 0 2 7年， 天津市目标科创基金规模突破 2 0 0 0亿元 ，科创基金体系更加 健全， "募投管退"全链条政策环境和管理制度更加完善，创业投资更加活跃。 ——我们关注到，去年以来，高层多次关注到政府投资基金和国资基金的责任机制问题，如 2 0 2 4年6月1 9日，国务院办公厅发布《促进创业投资高质量发展的若干政策措施》（简称"创 投1 7条"），提出"优化政府出资的创业投资基金管理，改革完善基金考核、容错免责机制，健 全绩效评价制度。系统研究解决政府出资的创业投资基金集中到期退出问题。" "落实和完善国 资创业投资管理制度。健全符合创业投资行业特点和发展规律的国资创业投资管理体制和尽职 合规责任豁免机制，探索对国资创业投资机构按照整个基金生命周期进行考核。" 值得关注的是，《行动方案》提出实施全周期股权投资提升行动，其中有不少突破性的举措， 我们摘取亮点并分析解读如下： ——天津不仅大 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a financial high-level open corridor in the Guangdong Free Trade Zone is aimed at supporting the high-quality development of the real economy through financial openness and innovation [1][2]. Group 1: Financial Development in Qianhai - Qianhai is positioned as a crucial link between Hong Kong and the mainland, focusing on attracting international capital and supporting enterprises to list in Hong Kong [2][3]. - Over the past decade, Qianhai has attracted a total of $38.2 billion in foreign investment, accounting for 67% of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone's total [2]. - The number of customs-registered enterprises in Qianhai has increased to over 11,000, a growth of 5.7 times since its establishment [2]. Group 2: Capital Market and Listing Support - Qianhai aims to become a nurturing base for companies planning to list in Hong Kong, leveraging Hong Kong's international legal and regulatory framework alongside Shenzhen's industrial advantages [3][4]. - In the first half of this year, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange led global IPO financing with 40 new listings raising HK$102.1 billion [4]. - By 2025, the Hong Kong market is expected to see 80 new listings, with a total financing amount projected to reach HK$200 billion [4]. Group 3: Financial Infrastructure and Cross-Border Finance - The Qianhai Equity Exchange Center is designed to facilitate enterprises in listing in Hong Kong, with a focus on enhancing the listing nurturing mechanism [5]. - Qianhai has established six cross-border financial brands, including cross-border RMB loans and dual-currency bond issuance, to attract international capital [5]. - As of the end of 2024, Qianhai's FT accounts have surpassed ¥1 trillion in cross-border receipts and payments [5]. Group 4: Support for Small and Medium Enterprises - The development of "patient capital" and "bold capital" is emphasized to improve the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises and technology companies [6][7]. - The "Technology Startup Pass" credit product has served over 3,200 enterprises, with 80% being early-stage tech companies, providing loans totaling ¥3.8 billion at a low interest rate of 3.45% [6]. - The first private equity fund management license for insurance capital has been issued in Qianhai, with an initial fund size of ¥30 billion [7]. Group 5: Supply Chain Finance - Qianhai is recognized as a major hub for supply chain finance, aiming to support the transformation of the manufacturing sector and promote inclusive finance [9][10]. - The region has launched the first national action plan to promote the development of the factoring industry, establishing itself as a model for supply chain finance innovation [9]. - By May 2025, Shenzhen is expected to have 11,000 specialized small and medium enterprises, providing a strong market for supply chain financing [10].

Core Viewpoint - The recent release of the "Opinions on Deepening Reform and Innovation in Shenzhen's Comprehensive Reform Pilot" emphasizes the need for Shenzhen to build a higher-level open economy, focusing on optimizing goods trade and enhancing service trade innovation [1] Group 1: Economic Growth and Trade - Qianhai is identified as a core area for promoting high-level opening up, with 17 out of 48 reform measures implemented there [1] - By 2024, Qianhai is projected to achieve a GDP of 300.88 billion yuan, an 8.6% year-on-year increase, with imports and exports reaching 706.65 billion yuan, a 42.4% increase [1] - Actual foreign investment in Qianhai is expected to be 26.65 billion yuan, accounting for 60.4% of Shenzhen's total [1] Group 2: Financial Sector Initiatives - Qianhai will focus on emerging finance, cross-border finance, supply chain finance, and technology finance, introducing intellectual property securitization products and establishing a nurturing base for companies going public in Hong Kong [1][2] - The "Technology Startup Pass" credit program has been launched, and the first private equity fund management license for insurance capital has been issued in Shenzhen [3] Group 3: Talent and Innovation - The reform in education and talent systems aims to integrate innovation chains, industry chains, capital chains, and talent chains to create a new source of productivity [2] - Qianhai will provide rapid patent review services for Hong Kong innovation entities and establish an international technology transfer center [2] Group 4: Trade and Service Development - Qianhai has pioneered a "one-time inspection, one-time certification, one-time passage" model for goods trade, enhancing trade facilitation and liberalization [3][4] - The area will promote cross-border e-commerce, bonded maintenance, and display trading, aiming to expand the scale and variety of foreign trade [4] Group 5: Digital Trade and Data Industry - Qianhai has launched a cross-border data verification platform and initiated the first national data broker innovation center [3] - Future plans include exploring diversified data circulation and transaction methods, and establishing an offshore data center [3][6] Group 6: Service Trade Expansion - The service trade sector in Qianhai is experiencing steady growth, with rapid increases in cross-border payment and gaming industries [5][6] - The area will implement a negative list for cross-border service trade and enhance the liberalization of service trade with Hong Kong and Macau [6]

国资的容亏大门，敞开的越来越大了。 近日，常德出台《常德市科创引导基金管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）。 《办法》不仅明确 科创引导基金存续期 1 5年（投资期8年，退出期7年），提供耐心资本，还强调坚持市场化运 作机制，政府部门及管理人均不得干预子基金的市场化投资决策。 值得关注的是，在容亏方面，《办法》提出， 按照科创引导基金资金规模的 7 0%设置整体容 亏率 （让利部分作为盈利核算），工作机制会同相关部门，科学制定绩效评价指标体系，对科 创基金全生命周期进行整体性监督和考核评价。 母基金研究中心认为，在引导基金层面的容亏 7 0%是较为突破性的举措，基金层面的整体容亏 率比单项目的容亏更为难得。最近，能容亏1 0 0%的地方国资越来越多，但都是针对单项目层 面的，基金整体层面的容亏7 0%，已是非常有魄力的突破之举。 当前，制定科学的基金考核体制机制成为引导基金行业的关注焦点，本次常德《办法》也提 出，在投资整体有收益的情况下， 可不对单个子基金或单个投资项目进行考核评价 。 "国资的容亏机制建设越来越'大胆'了，如果说去年是国资容亏的大门打开，今年就是全面敞 开。信号很明显： 各地国资逐渐接受全亏，能 ...

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen has officially proposed the establishment of an "Industrial Financial Center" in its government work report, with the release of the "Action Plan" outlining 20 measures to achieve this goal by 2026 [1][2]. Group 1: Action Plan Objectives - The main goal of the Action Plan is to fully implement the capital market's role in supporting high-quality economic development by 2026, focusing on creating a high-quality capital market that meets innovative capital aggregation needs [2]. Group 2: Capital Formation Mechanism - The Action Plan emphasizes the need to embrace new productive forces and establish a first-class innovative capital formation mechanism, encouraging state-owned and government investment funds to act as long-term, patient, and bold capital [3]. - Shenzhen is the first in the country to propose "bold capital," allowing for a maximum loss of 100% for qualifying projects to ease the assessment of state-owned funds [3]. Group 3: Bond Market Development - The Action Plan includes improving the bond financing service system, supporting high-tech and innovative enterprises in bond financing, and promoting the issuance of technology innovation bonds [3]. - Two Shenzhen companies are among the first to issue technology innovation bonds, with a total of 20 million yuan planned [3]. Group 4: Attracting Long-term Capital - The Action Plan aims to attract long-term capital into the market by promoting insurance funds to invest in private equity and venture capital funds [4]. - Shenzhen has introduced significant funds, including a 5.1 billion yuan special fund for technology innovation [4]. Group 5: Enhancing Listing Quality - To improve the quality of listed companies, the Action Plan proposes measures such as enhancing regulatory mechanisms and ensuring strict oversight of major shareholders and executives [6]. - Shenzhen currently has 584 listed companies with a total market capitalization of approximately 8.61 trillion yuan [6]. Group 6: Mergers and Acquisitions - The Action Plan encourages listed companies to engage in mergers and acquisitions to strengthen industry integration and create leading enterprises [7]. - Shenzhen has previously introduced supportive measures for mergers and acquisitions, with a resource pool of 425 potential acquisition targets [7]. Group 7: Capital Market Ecosystem - The Action Plan aims to build a multi-tiered capital market ecosystem, enhancing the service capabilities of Shenzhen's stock exchange and regional equity markets [8]. - The "Specialized, Refined, Characteristic, and Innovative" board has been established, with 301 companies listed, 80.73% of which are small and medium-sized enterprises [8]. Group 8: Cross-border Financial Cooperation - The Action Plan emphasizes deepening cross-border financial cooperation, including enhancing connectivity between Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges [8]. - Since the launch of the "Cross-border Wealth Management Connect" 2.0, Shenzhen has seen significant growth in personal investors and cross-border transactions [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing willingness of local state-owned assets to accept full losses in investment projects, indicating a shift towards a more risk-tolerant investment environment for government funds [2][4][6]. Group 1: Policy Developments - Shenzhen's Futian District announced a policy allowing government investment funds to tolerate losses up to 100% for qualifying early and mid-stage projects, with specific funding amounts of 1 million, 3 million, and 5 million yuan [1]. - Wuhan's government introduced measures to relax investment ratios for seed and angel funds, allowing state-owned funds to co-invest with private enterprises at a 1:1 ratio and permitting up to 100% losses for direct investments in early-stage projects [1][3]. - Guangdong province has been proactive in exploring similar policies, with Guangzhou and Shenzhen allowing for 100% losses in seed and angel investments, reflecting a broader trend across various regions [3][4]. Group 2: Risk Tolerance Mechanisms - The article notes that the acceptance of 100% losses is seen as a significant advancement in the construction of error-tolerance mechanisms for guiding funds and state-owned mother funds [4][5]. - The central government has emphasized the need for a more flexible evaluation system for government investment funds, focusing on overall fund performance rather than individual project outcomes [6][10]. - The introduction of a risk compensation scheme in Shenzhen aims to encourage more financial capital to invest in early-stage and high-tech projects by sharing the risks associated with technology transfer [10]. Group 3: Encouraging Innovation - The article discusses the importance of developing both patient and bold capital to support the venture capital industry, with patient capital providing long-term support and bold capital allowing for more risk-taking by government investment funds [9][12]. - Legislative efforts in Hunan province aim to promote innovation by removing mandatory buyback clauses for founders of technology startups, thereby sharing risks with entrepreneurs [9]. - The establishment of error-tolerance mechanisms and detailed due diligence exemption policies is crucial for enhancing the investment enthusiasm of fund managers [11][12].

将投中网设为"星标⭐"，第一时间收获最新推送 大胆资本和耐心资本的本质是社会信用，资本市场是社会信用的更高等级的形式。 整理丨 陶辉东 来源丨 投中网 中国创投的退出有多难？ 基石资本董事长张维用他们对全亿健康的控股投资举例，生动展现了这一点。从 2016 年开始，基石资本通过五年整合，让全亿健康成为一家年销售额 达 60 亿元、门店逾 2000 家的连锁药房企业。但一算账发现，如果要想实现 A 股上市并减持退出，至少需要 17 年的时间。最终，基石资本选择把 它卖给了某国际知名私募巨头。"他们的基金周期是 12 年，而我的基金周期是' 5+2 '。" 中国创投面临的是"上市难"与"减持难"的双重难题。这样的现状，对于耐心资本和大胆资本的形成非常不利。张维指出，对上市和减持的严防死守，削 弱了创业的财富效应，因为投资的本质是为了增值，如果不能增值为什么投资？创业者如果不能卖股票又为什么要创业呢？ 历史上的股权分置改革，释放了大量的流通股，股市迎来一个牛市。张维认为，核心是实行真正的注册制，同时实行严格的退市制度，进一步打击造假 和违规信批，从而使资本市场实现动态平衡。 更进一步，张维认为大胆资本和耐心资本的本 ...