（来源：上观新闻） 著名考古学者冯时先生根据河南濮阳西水坡遗址的发掘，考证出距今6500多年的墓中四个殉人，分别代 表着春分、秋分、夏至、冬至"四神"，这远早于《尚书·尧典》对于"二分二至"所谓"四时"的记述，可见 远古先民对于"四时"（不同于"四季"）认识的深刻。 《楚游日记》崇祯十年（1637）二月二十三日记："是日风和日丽，为入春第一日云。" 什么是"入春第一日"？二全注本皆无注，译文或作："这一天风和日丽，是入春以来第一个清朗的日 子。"或作："这天风和日丽，是入春后天气最好的一天。"湖南版选注本出注云："入春第一日：入春以 来天气最好的一日。"然而问题绝非如此简单！ 《楚游日记》开卷就有"丁丑（明崇祯十年）正月十一日，是日立春"的记述，换算成公历是1637年2月5 日。明崇祯十年是"双春"年，据郑鹤声编《近世中西史日对照表》（以下简称"郑表"），第一个立春日 在农历正月初九日，即1637年2月3日，徐霞客所记适延后两日。《粤西游日记四》崇祯十年十二月二十 二日（1638年2月5日）也有"是为立春日"的记述，据郑表，崇祯十年的第二个立春日是在农历十二月二 十日（1638年2月3日），《游记》也有延后两 ...

Core Points - The article discusses the significance of the "Xiaoman" solar term, which is the eighth of the twenty-four solar terms, marking the second solar term of summer, starting on May 21, 2025 [2][3] - "Xiaoman" symbolizes the maturation of crops, with different regions having their own specific crops that signify this period, such as barley and oilseed rape in the Jiangnan region, and wheat and peas in the northern regions [2][3] - The term "Xiaoman" reflects a balance of fullness without overflow, indicating the growth stage of crops and the relationship with rainfall [3][4] Summary by Sections - **Crops and Maturation**: In regions like Beijing, Liaoning, and Shandong, cherries are maturing, while lychees are being harvested in Fujian and Guangdong. The term "Xiaoman" is associated with the growth of winter wheat and other summer crops, which begin to fill out but are not yet fully mature [3][4] - **Cultural Significance**: The article highlights the philosophical implications of "Xiaoman," suggesting that it embodies the wisdom of ancient agricultural practices and reflects a cultural understanding of balance, as seen in the transition to the next solar term "Mangzhong" [4][5] - **Philosophical Insights**: The concept of "Xiaoman" is linked to traditional Chinese philosophy, emphasizing moderation and the idea that excess can lead to loss, as illustrated by the saying "water full will overflow" [4][5]