德国工业领域2025年裁员超12万人 专家担心，由于订单疲弱和竞争压力巨大，今年德国工业领域将继续裁减岗位。安永德国审计业务部门 管理合伙人扬·布罗尔希尔克表示，德国工业正处于深度危机之中。自2023年以来，工业营业额已下滑 近5%。因此，目前的裁员规模仍属相对温和。但可以明确的是，若要防止就业人数进一步减少，经济 必须出现真正且显著复苏。 分析认为，尽管经济学家预计，在经历多年低迷之后，德国经济将在2026年恢复约1%的增长，但这种 复苏传导到企业层面仍需时间。德国经济研究所所长马塞尔·弗拉茨舍表示，如果政府不进行全面改 革，德国经济前景依然黯淡。他主张提高税收并进一步削减补贴。(完) 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：郭晋嘉 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 中新社柏林2月17日电(记者 马秀秀) 国际会计师事务所安永(EY)17日发布的一项调查显示，在经济危机 背景下，德国工业领域在2025年大规模裁减了就业岗位。截至2025年年底，工业领域约有538万人就 业，较2024年减少12.41万人，裁员规模几乎是2024年的两倍。 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 报告显示，2025年受冲击最严重的是陷入危机的汽车 ...

分析人士指出，德国经济长期面临能源价格高企、全球需求疲软以及结构性改革推进缓慢等压力和挑 战。2025年，受美国加征关税等外部因素影响，德国对美出口明显承压，导致整体出口连续第三年下 降。尽管政府在基础设施和国防领域的大规模投资今年有望为经济提供一定支撑，但若缺乏配套的结构 性改革，德国经济出现明显回暖仍需时日。（完） 德国经济2023年和2024年连续萎缩，2025年增长0.2%。自2025年5月上任以来，默茨承诺通过大规模公 共支出、加大国防和基础设施投资等措施重振经济。但企业界普遍认为，改革推进速度仍显不足。 德国联邦政府日前发布的年度经济报告预计，2026年德国经济增速为1%，较去年秋季预测值下调0.3个 百分点。这显示，短期内德国经济复苏仍面临压力。 德国总理默茨在社交媒体X上表示，失业人数突破300万是一个警示信号，企业破产情况值得关注。他 指出，德国政府推出了多项经济扶持措施，但效果仍不明显，"经济复苏必须成为今年的核心议题"。 德国联邦劳工局局长安德烈娅·纳勒斯表示，目前德国劳动力市场整体动能不足，年初失业人数上升主 要受季节性因素影响，今年推动工业、贸易等关键领域尽快企稳回升仍是当务之急。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The German economy is facing severe challenges, and boosting economic growth should be the top priority by 2026 [1] Economic Performance - Germany's economy is expected to shrink for two consecutive years in 2023 and 2024 [1] - A winter forecast report from multiple economic research institutions predicts only a 0.1% growth for Germany in 2025, primarily due to a significant decline in exports to the United States [1] Government Actions - Chancellor Merz has committed to revitalizing the German economy through large-scale public spending and increased investments in defense and infrastructure since taking office in May 2025 [1] - There is a call for decisive political and legislative actions to improve the business environment and enhance corporate competitiveness [1] Challenges - The German economy is grappling with high energy prices, weak global demand, and slow progress on structural reforms [1] - New pressures on exports are anticipated in 2025 due to increased tariffs imposed by the United States, complicating the recovery of the German economy [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the contrasting political and economic landscape in Germany under Chancellor Merz, highlighting his diplomatic ambitions and the ongoing economic challenges facing the country [3][4]. Political Changes - The political landscape in Germany has undergone significant changes due to the recent elections, with mainstream parties being marginalized and new political forces emerging, including leftist and right-wing populist parties [5]. - Merz's government aims to restore Germany's leadership role within the EU and has introduced a three-step plan to enhance Germany's diplomatic and security policy [7]. Economic Outlook - Germany's economy has been in decline, with GDP shrinking by 0.3% in 2023 and 0.2% in 2024, and a projected growth of only 0.1% in 2025, down from a previous forecast of 0.2% [3][4]. - The government has initiated several policies to boost the economy, including a €500 billion infrastructure fund and a commitment from 61 top German companies to invest €631 billion by 2028 to enhance competitiveness [9]. Diplomatic Strategy - Merz's foreign policy emphasizes strengthening Germany and Europe, aiming for a more proactive role in international affairs, particularly in the context of the Ukraine conflict [8]. - The government is expected to gradually improve relations with China, recognizing the significant interests of German companies in the Chinese market [10].

Core Viewpoint - After more than five years of stagnation, the German economy is showing signs of recovery, with growth expected in 2026 and 2027 at 1.2% according to EU forecasts [4][5]. Economic Indicators - The German GDP remained stable in Q3, avoiding recession, with industrial orders, output, and exports showing recovery in September [4]. - The IMF noted that the German government's reform of the debt brake mechanism is a significant milestone that will aid in economic recovery [4][11]. Government Initiatives - The German government has established a special fund of €500 billion for infrastructure projects, which is considered additional debt and does not count against the current debt ceiling [6][7]. - This fund is expected to take time to impact GDP, likely not until 2026 or 2027 [6]. Sectoral Adjustments - A significant portion of the special fund is allocated for defense, which may help offset losses in the manufacturing sector [7]. - The construction industry, which has faced a deep recession, is crucial for economic recovery, accounting for about 50% of Germany's total output loss over the past three years [8]. Future Projections - The IMF predicts that government spending increases starting in 2026 will provide a positive boost to economic growth, with real GDP growth expected to accelerate to around 1% in 2026 and 1.5% in 2027 [9][11]. - The trade balance is expected to gradually decline but remain positive, with inflation projected to stay close to the ECB's target of 2% [9]. Challenges and Warnings - The IMF warns that without further bold reforms, Germany faces serious mid-term growth challenges, particularly due to a declining working-age population [5][12]. - Concerns exist regarding the potential misuse of new debt for welfare spending rather than productive investments, necessitating careful oversight of fund allocation [10][13].

Core Insights - The November German Business Climate Index released by the Ifo Institute decreased from 88.4 in October to 88.1 in November, indicating a decline in optimism regarding the recovery of the German economy [2] - The decline in the index suggests a spreading pessimism among German business executives about the potential for economic recovery [2] - The drop in the index was greater than most economists had anticipated, as they had expected a slight increase for November [2] Summary by Category Economic Indicators - The Ifo Business Climate Index serves as an important barometer for observing the economic trends in Germany [2] - The significant decline in confidence was particularly noted in the manufacturing and retail sectors [2] Expert Commentary - Clemens Fuest, the president of the Ifo Institute, stated that the data reflects skepticism about the ability of the German economy to recover [2]

Core Insights - The German Economic Expert Committee forecasts weak economic growth for Germany in 2025 and 2026, lower than previous expectations, attributing this to U.S. tariff policies hindering recovery [1][3]. Economic Performance - The report indicates that Germany's GDP growth for this year is projected at 0.2%, with a revised forecast of 0.9% for 2026, down from an earlier estimate of 1% and below the German government's expectation of 1.3% [3]. - After two years of recession, Germany's economy is experiencing minimal growth, necessitating improvements in productivity, innovation, and investment to return to a growth trajectory [3]. Global Trade and Protectionism - The current global economic landscape is characterized by protectionist tendencies and unpredictable U.S. trade policies, negatively impacting Germany as an export-oriented nation [5]. - The decline in global trade poses significant challenges for Germany, which has not benefited from the economic recovery in import and export markets due to U.S. tariffs and the appreciation of the euro [5]. Domestic Economic Measures - The German government has implemented a series of economic stimulus measures, including increased investment, simplified approval processes, and expanded infrastructure projects [7]. - However, experts argue that to overcome low growth, Germany must achieve breakthroughs in digitalization, reduce energy costs, and enhance foreign trade, as short-term stimulus measures may not yield long-term results [7]. Recommendations for Future Growth - The German Economic Expert Committee emphasizes the need to eliminate trade barriers within the EU, strengthen capital markets, and address fragmentation in the defense market to fully leverage opportunities in the European single market [5].

Group 1 - Over one-third (36%) of German companies plan to lay off employees by 2026, with only 18% expecting to create new jobs [2][3] - Three-quarters of German companies anticipate that their production in 2026 will be lower or at best the same as current levels [2] - The current business expectations for 2026 are less optimistic compared to earlier surveys conducted in spring [2] Group 2 - The industrial sector in Germany is particularly bleak, with 41% of industrial companies planning layoffs and only 15% intending to hire [4] - 36% of industrial firms predict a decline in production next year, while only 27% expect growth [4] - The industrial sector is facing significant challenges from trade disputes, geopolitical instability, and rising costs, which are weakening competitiveness [4] Group 3 - Despite the economic challenges, some German companies are still keen on overseas investments, particularly in China [6][7] - Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany have shown resilience, with slight sales growth and record-high employment numbers [7] - The investment willingness among SMEs remains low due to rising costs, but there are signs of cautious recovery in investment [7]

Economic Outlook - The DIHK's economic survey indicates that despite government reforms, there are no signs of recovery in the German economy, with business confidence remaining low [1] - The survey, covering approximately 23,000 companies, predicts stagnation for 2023 and only a slight growth of 0.7% in 2024, which is significantly lower than most economists' forecasts [1] - The German economy is expected to experience two consecutive years of recession, with a slight growth anticipated in 2025 and a potential growth rate exceeding 1% in 2026 [1] Business Investment Sentiment - The DIHK economic climate index has decreased by 1 point to 93.8, indicating a persistently pessimistic outlook [1] - Only 15% of surveyed companies expect economic conditions to improve in the next 12 months, while a quarter anticipate worsening conditions [1] - Investment intentions remain low, with only one-fifth of companies planning to increase investments and one-third intending to cut back on investments [1] Labor Market Conditions - The labor market is facing challenges, with only 10% of companies planning to hire more employees, while 25% are considering layoffs [2] - A significant 56% of companies identify labor costs as a major operational risk, influenced by rising social insurance contributions and recent minimum wage increases [2] - The DIHK CEO emphasizes the need for the government to accelerate efforts to reduce burdens on businesses to restore confidence [2]

Group 1 - The German business climate index rose from 87.7 in September to 88.4 in October, indicating improved confidence among German enterprises [1][2] - The index is based on surveys from approximately 9,000 companies across manufacturing, services, trade, and construction sectors [2] - Manufacturing, services, and trade indicators showed improvement, while the construction sector experienced a slight decline [2] Group 2 - Analysts express mixed feelings about the index's rise, suggesting it reflects both positive and negative aspects of the German economy [3] - Reports from various institutions indicate expectations of economic improvement in Germany next year, supported by government fiscal plans [3] - The ZEW economic sentiment index and the composite purchasing managers' index also showed positive trends, suggesting better-than-expected economic conditions [3] Group 3 - Despite the rise in the business climate index, significant concerns remain regarding job stability, particularly in the automotive and metal industries [4] - Major companies like Porsche reported a drastic decline in profits, with a 99% drop in sales profit compared to the previous year [4] - The export-oriented nature of the German economy continues to be affected by unpredictable foreign trade policies from the U.S. [4] Group 4 - The index's increase is attributed to more optimistic expectations for the coming months, although current business conditions have been slightly downgraded [6] - Structural challenges in the German economy persist, with over 70% of surveyed companies considering relocating production or investing in other regions [6] - Despite a 25% increase in government spending since 2015, corporate investment has stagnated, returning to 2015 levels [6] Group 5 - Some economists warn that without comprehensive reforms, Germany may face a prolonged period of stagnation [7] - The current economic situation is described as dramatic, with long-term recession concerns highlighted by experts [7]