经济改革是一场深刻革命，往往既涉及思想观念的深刻变化，又涉及各种复杂利益关系的深刻调整，没有坚强的 领导力量则难以打破利益固化藩篱、凝聚改革共识、推动改革举措落地。古今中外不少改革的失败，往往是因为 缺乏坚强的领导力量才导致当改革遭遇巨大阻力时无法继续推行下去。习近平总书记指出，坚持党的全面领导， 这是我们的最大政治优势，是我国改革开放成功推进的根本保证；进一步全面深化改革，必须在党中央集中统一 领导下进行，保证改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进。在当代中国，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量，处于国家治 理体系的核心位置，在国家各项事业中发挥总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用。只有始终坚持党的领导，改革 才能确保正确方向，保持坚强定力，形成强大合力，最终取得成功。这是被我国改革开放伟大实践充分证明的硬 道理。进一步全面深化改革，各级领导干部必须旗帜鲜明讲政治，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度 一致，凝心聚力把各项改革任务落到实处，务求改革实效。 经济改革是关乎全体人民切身利益的大事，忽视广大人民的利益诉求，没有广大人民的支持和参与，任何改革都 不可能取得成功，即使短期能够缓解社会矛盾，最终也会失败。二战后一些西方 ...

Group 1 - The core message emphasizes the need for a balance between "letting go" and "managing well" in economic work, highlighting the importance of breaking down institutional barriers while ensuring a rule-based economy [1][9] - The concept of "letting go" aims to eliminate obstacles to productivity, while "managing well" focuses on establishing a legal framework for economic activities [1][6] - The central economic work meeting outlines the necessity of combining effective market mechanisms with proactive government roles to stimulate economic vitality and ensure stability [1][2][12] Group 2 - The implementation of machine-based bidding processes in Hunan has increased the winning rate of private enterprises from 73.65% to 82.9%, showcasing a move towards a fairer competitive market environment [2] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, aiming to enhance the role of the market in resource allocation [2][10] - The introduction of new regulations and measures, such as the Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Regulations, aims to strengthen oversight and accountability in market operations [5][10] Group 3 - The establishment of a social credit system is identified as a foundational aspect of the market economy, with recent policies aimed at enhancing credit construction and ensuring fair competition [10][11] - The central economic work meeting has set clear directives for stabilizing the real estate market and managing local government debt risks, emphasizing the importance of risk prevention in economic governance [11] - The need for continuous reform to improve the efficiency of market mechanisms and government interventions is highlighted, with various local initiatives aimed at enhancing market vitality [12][13][14]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the need for a balance between "letting go" and "managing well" in economic work, highlighting the importance of breaking down institutional barriers while ensuring a rule-based economy [1][10] - The "Five Musts" outlined by Xi Jinping provide a framework for addressing development challenges, stimulating internal dynamics, and mitigating risks [1][10] - The focus on creating a fair and competitive market environment is essential for promoting high-quality development, as indicated by the increase in the bidding success rate of private enterprises in Hunan from 73.65% to 82.9% [2] Group 2 - The establishment of a high-standard market system is crucial for maximizing resource allocation efficiency, as stated by experts [3] - Recent measures, such as the approval of the Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Regulations, aim to clarify responsibilities and enhance market vitality through reduced administrative approvals [4] - The importance of market rules and a conducive environment for fair competition is emphasized, ensuring equal access to production factors for all business entities [5] Group 3 - The government's role is essential in regulating market order, with recent policies focusing on risk prevention and maintaining economic stability [12] - The ongoing reforms aim to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and reduce institutional costs, as seen in various regional initiatives [16] - The need for continuous improvement in the relationship between an effective market and a proactive government is highlighted as a key focus for future reforms [15]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a unified national market in China requires substantial institutional reforms and cannot rely solely on spontaneous order to achieve a truly unified market [1][2]. Group 1: Institutional Challenges - The current market in China has not yet formed a genuine "national unified market," which is essential for maximizing the potential of the country's vast market [2]. - The complexity of economic and social relationships necessitates a robust legal framework to regulate various interests, as seen in international examples like the EU and Japan [3]. - Since the issuance of the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market" in 2022, significant progress has been made, including the introduction of various regulations aimed at promoting fair competition and addressing long-standing issues [4]. Group 2: Market Fragmentation and Local Protectionism - Despite progress, local protectionism and market fragmentation remain significant challenges, driven by local government performance evaluation systems that prioritize local economic metrics [6][7]. - The existing fiscal and statistical systems do not fully align with the requirements of a unified national market, leading to resource retention within local jurisdictions [7]. - Regulatory gaps in emerging sectors, such as the low-altitude economy, hinder market vitality and increase operational costs for businesses [8]. Group 3: Standardization Issues - The coexistence of national, industry, and local standards creates barriers to market entry and complicates compliance for businesses [9]. - Efforts to unify standards are ongoing, but discrepancies between international and domestic standards continue to impose additional costs on businesses [9]. Group 4: Policy Implementation and Effectiveness - The challenge lies in balancing effective market operations with government oversight, requiring a clear legal framework to regulate local government actions [10]. - There is a need for a systematic approach to reform local government performance evaluation systems to align with the goals of a unified national market [11]. - Ensuring the effective implementation of policies and regulations is crucial, with a focus on avoiding superficial compliance and ensuring that local interpretations of laws are consistent [12].

仅靠"看不见的手"，通过自发秩序进行调节，能形成全国统一大市场吗？ 答案是否定的。 当前一个较为明确的判断是，全国统一大市场建设越往深里走，越要动真碰硬，下决心解决具有实质 性、根本性、牵引性的问题。这必然要求我们从关注现象转向探究根源，补齐法规制度短板，以制度之 力推动全国统一大市场建设。 本质上是一场制度建设"攻坚战" 市场是最稀缺的资源，超大规模市场是我国的优势所在，目前其潜力远未发挥出来。究其关键，在于这 个市场尚未形成真正意义上的"全国统一大市场"。 研机析理。"全国"，显示整体性，强调国内大循环的主体地位；"统一"，显示规范性，强调统一市场基 础制度、统一市场基础设施、统一政府行为尺度、统一市场监管执法、统一要素资源市场；"大"，显示 规模性，强调这是一个整体深度融合、对内对外开放的市场。 进一步分析，就广度而言，这个市场覆盖的消费人口和地域要有足够大的规模；就深度而言，各类要素 资源市场需联动协同，软硬件基础设施需完备统一。这样才能有效发挥潜力和优势，为要素高效配置、 技术快速迭代、产业转型升级提供超大规模的市场容量、丰富的应用场景、充分的竞争机会。 市场运行涉及经济社会各环节，各类主体的利益链 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for a deep understanding of three strategic guidelines during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, focusing on economic construction, high-quality development, and expanding domestic demand [2][3] - The 14th Five-Year Plan highlights the importance of economic construction as the central task, indicating that economic work remains the focus of the entire party and nation [3] - The plan aims for a per capita GDP of over $20,000 by 2035, requiring an average annual GDP growth of approximately 4.17% during the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods [4] Group 2 - The plan stresses the importance of reform and innovation as fundamental drivers, aiming for breakthroughs in comprehensive reforms and creating a market-oriented, law-based, and international business environment [4][6] - The transition from follower innovation to frontier innovation is deemed essential, focusing on solving technological bottlenecks and enhancing basic research capabilities [6] - Policies to boost consumption and effective investment are outlined, emphasizing counter-cyclical measures, improving social security for low-income groups, and optimizing regulatory policies [7] Group 3 - The plan identifies the need to balance interests among various stakeholders to fully unleash investment potential, particularly in real estate and private investment [7] - The unique advantages of China's economic development are highlighted, suggesting that adherence to central policies will lead to significant achievements in high-quality development [8]

Core Views - The article emphasizes the importance of a sound macroeconomic governance system and effective government management as intrinsic requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system [1][2][3] Macroeconomic Governance System - The governance system should be closely coordinated with policies on employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional development to ensure high-quality and sustainable economic growth [1][2] - The central government has made significant innovations in macroeconomic regulation theory and practice, focusing on expanding domestic demand and enhancing the foundational role of consumption in economic development [1][2] Government and Market Relationship - The relationship between an effective market and a proactive government is a core issue in China's economic reform, with the need for the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation while the government addresses market failures [3][4] - The article outlines the evolution of the understanding of the government-market relationship, highlighting the shift from a focus on the market's basic role to its decisive role in resource allocation [4] Enhancing Governance Efficiency - Improving the macroeconomic governance system requires precise delineation of government and market responsibilities, modernization of government governance capabilities, and the establishment of a collaborative mechanism to reflect market demands [5][6] - The article stresses the need for a comprehensive macro-control system that can flexibly respond to internal and external economic risks, ensuring the stability of economic operations [7][8] Fiscal and Financial Policy Reforms - Fiscal and financial policies are crucial tools for connecting government macro-control with micro resource allocation, and reforms in these areas are essential for enhancing macroeconomic governance efficiency [9][10] - The article suggests focusing on improving fiscal resource management, optimizing the tax system, and clarifying the fiscal relationship between central and local governments to ensure sustainable fiscal operations [10][11] Consistency in Macroeconomic Policies - The need for consistent macroeconomic policy orientation is highlighted as a practical measure for promoting high-quality development, especially in the face of external uncertainties and domestic economic pressures [13][14] - The article advocates for a systematic approach to policy coordination, ensuring that economic policies align with actual development needs and are effectively communicated to stakeholders [15][16]

Core Viewpoint - The "15th Five-Year Plan" outlines a strategic framework for China's modernization over the next five years, emphasizing stability and determination in the face of global uncertainties [1][2][3]. Group 1: Development Goals and Strategies - The "15th Five-Year Plan" sets clear development goals and strategic tasks that align with the previous "14th Five-Year Plan," ensuring continuity while addressing future challenges [3]. - The plan aims to lay a solid foundation for achieving basic socialist modernization by 2035, building on the progress made during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [3]. Group 2: Challenges and Responses - The plan acknowledges complex changes in the international environment, including geopolitical conflicts, rising unilateralism, and challenges to global economic order [4]. - Domestically, the plan addresses issues such as insufficient effective demand and obstacles in domestic circulation, highlighting the need for reform and innovation [5]. Group 3: Systematic Approach - The "15th Five-Year Plan" consists of 15 sections and 61 measures, organized into three major areas, reflecting a comprehensive and systematic approach to economic and social development [9]. - It emphasizes the importance of balancing an effective market with a proactive government, aiming to create a unified, open, and competitive market system [10]. Group 4: Development and Security - The plan stresses the need to integrate development and security, advocating for a new security framework to support new development patterns [12]. - It highlights the significance of the Party's leadership in ensuring the success of economic and social development initiatives [12]. Group 5: Global Perspective - The international community has positively evaluated the "15th Five-Year Plan," recognizing China's role as a stabilizing force in a turbulent world, contributing to global development opportunities [12][14]. - The plan encourages confidence in addressing external challenges while promoting high-level openness and quality development [14].

Group 1 - The construction of a unified national market is a significant decision made by the central government, emphasizing the need to enhance resilience against risks and challenges [1] - Since the issuance of the 2022 guidelines for accelerating the construction of a unified national market, various reform measures have been implemented, establishing a basic framework for market access and regulatory systems [1][2] - The "Five Unifications and One Opening" framework aims to break administrative boundaries and improve the efficiency of market operations, addressing issues such as employment insurance and medical service recognition [3][6] Group 2 - The recent issuance of integrated business licenses in the Beijing Daxing International Airport Economic Zone exemplifies the removal of regional barriers and the facilitation of business operations across different jurisdictions [2] - The continuous reduction of the negative list for market access has led to a significant increase in the number of enterprises, with nearly 20 million new businesses registered since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [4][5] - The launch of pilot reforms for market-oriented allocation of factors, covering key regions, aims to enhance the synergy between traditional and new factors of production, contributing to the development of a unified national market [3][5] Group 3 - The government is focusing on addressing prominent issues such as low-price dumping and local protectionism, which are critical for the ongoing construction of a unified national market [6] - The relationship between domestic and international markets is crucial, with the goal of promoting a dual circulation system that enhances both domestic and foreign market interactions [7] - The overall aim is to create a more vibrant and equitable market environment, benefiting both domestic and foreign enterprises as the unified national market progresses [7]

Group 1 - The Shanghai Municipal Government has issued the "Shanghai Government Investment Fund Management Measures (Trial)" focusing on "effective market" and "active government" [1] - The management measures emphasize "four persistences": strengthening overall planning and classified guidance, clarifying responsibilities and hierarchical management, government guidance with market operation, and standardized management to prevent risks [1] - The government investment funds will be managed through three main methods: direct budget investment, funding arrangements with state-owned enterprises, and capital injection into state-owned enterprises with specific allocations for fund contributions [1] Group 2 - Government investment funds will focus on major national and Shanghai strategic areas, categorized into industrial investment funds and venture capital funds [2] - Industrial investment funds aim to enhance the modern industrial system by investing in key links of the industrial chain and projects that strengthen the supply chain, promoting resilience and security [2] - Venture capital funds will support technological innovation, focusing on early-stage, small, long-term, and hard technology investments to enhance independent innovation capabilities [2]