经济改革理论的创新和突破 ——学习习近平经济思想的经济改革理论 丁晓钦 上海财经大学讲席教授 改革是解放和发展社会生产力的关键，通过经济改革不断健全和完善经济体制，是激发经济发展活力、 确保经济持续健康发展的重要途径。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记深刻把握我国经济发展阶段性特征 和外部环境变化，立足我国经济社会发展伟大实践，着眼于推动高质量发展，坚持以经济体制改革为重 点全面深化改革，创造性地提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，形成了习近平经济思想的经济改革理论。 经济改革理论作为习近平经济思想的重要内容，既是改革思想的经济篇，也是经济思想的改革篇，深刻 回答了新时代以来我国以改革促发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题，揭示了社会主义现代化进程中经济 改革的一般规律，阐明了当前和今后一个时期以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的动力 所在，具有重大理论和实践意义。 经济改革的主要目的，在于通过不断调整生产关系激发社会发展内生动力，促进上层建筑更好适应经济 基础，最大限度地释放经济发展潜力，提升经济运行整体效率。纵观全球发展历程，二战后世界各国都 把经济改革当作破解经济发展难题、走出经济发展困境的重要途径。但是，由于 ...

经济改革是一场深刻革命，往往既涉及思想观念的深刻变化，又涉及各种复杂利益关系的深刻调整，没有坚强的 领导力量则难以打破利益固化藩篱、凝聚改革共识、推动改革举措落地。古今中外不少改革的失败，往往是因为 缺乏坚强的领导力量才导致当改革遭遇巨大阻力时无法继续推行下去。习近平总书记指出，坚持党的全面领导， 这是我们的最大政治优势，是我国改革开放成功推进的根本保证；进一步全面深化改革，必须在党中央集中统一 领导下进行，保证改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进。在当代中国，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量，处于国家治 理体系的核心位置，在国家各项事业中发挥总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用。只有始终坚持党的领导，改革 才能确保正确方向，保持坚强定力，形成强大合力，最终取得成功。这是被我国改革开放伟大实践充分证明的硬 道理。进一步全面深化改革，各级领导干部必须旗帜鲜明讲政治，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度 一致，凝心聚力把各项改革任务落到实处，务求改革实效。 经济改革是关乎全体人民切身利益的大事，忽视广大人民的利益诉求，没有广大人民的支持和参与，任何改革都 不可能取得成功，即使短期能够缓解社会矛盾，最终也会失败。二战后一些西方 ...

转自：求是网 体系化学理化研究阐释 经济改革理论的创新和突破 ——学习习近平经济思想的经济改革理论 丁晓钦 改革是解放和发展社会生产力的关键，通过经济改革不断健全和完善经济体制，是激发经济发展活力、 确保经济持续健康发展的重要途径。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记深刻把握我国经济发展阶段性特征 和外部环境变化，立足我国经济社会发展伟大实践，着眼于推动高质量发展，坚持以经济体制改革为重 点全面深化改革，创造性地提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，形成了习近平经济思想的经济改革理论。 经济改革理论作为习近平经济思想的重要内容，既是改革思想的经济篇，也是经济思想的改革篇，深刻 回答了新时代以来我国以改革促发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题，揭示了社会主义现代化进程中经济 改革的一般规律，阐明了当前和今后一个时期以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的动力 所在，具有重大理论和实践意义。 一 经济改革的主要目的，在于通过不断调整生产关系激发社会发展内生动力，促进上层建筑更好适应经济 基础，最大限度地释放经济发展潜力，提升经济运行整体效率。纵观全球发展历程，二战后世界各国都 把经济改革当作破解经济发展难题、走出经济发展困境的重 ...

12月20日，中国人民大学深圳论坛在深圳市宝安区九围国际总部会议中心隆重开幕。在"院士对话：科 技革命与新质生产力"环节，来自高校、科研院所、智库机构的多位顶尖专家学者齐聚一堂，围绕空天 信息、柔性电子、人工智能、市场经济体制、现代金融等关键领域，展开深度研讨，为科技赋能新质生 产力、助力中国式现代化建言献策。 中国工程院院士、武汉大学原校长刘经南聚焦"十五五"规划建议中的战略性新兴产业与未来产业发展。 他指出，中央"十五五"规划建议明确支持空天信息、数字经济、人工智能、生物医药等产业发展，为新 质生产力生成按下"加速键"。未来空天信息产业将重点攻关深空、深海、深地、深网领域核心技术，研 发载人航天、探月探火、卫星导航等关键装备，推进海洋资源探测与深海智能无人平台发展。他强调， 空天信息技术构建的体系化、智能化数字底座是新型信息基础设施核心，必须牢牢掌握时空基准控制权 与信息化、智能化发展主导权，力争2035年前建成更泛在、更融合、更智能的综合时空体系，服务国家 战略需求。 国家一级教授、中央党校（国家行政学院）中国式现代化研究中心主任张占斌提出"全面建成高水平社 会主义市场经济体制具有紧迫性"的核心观点。他 ...

统筹好"看不见的手"与"看得见的手"是一道重大改革命题，更是关乎经济体制改革的核心问题。日前召 开的中央经济工作会议，将"必须做到既'放得活'又'管得好'"列入做好新形势下经济工作的新认识，以 辩证思维理顺政府与市场的关系，意在实现经济活而不乱、活跃有序。 政府与市场各具特点、各有所长，在经济社会发展中的作用缺一不可。让资源配置效率更高、效益更 大，离不开有效市场；更好维护市场秩序、矫正市场失灵，离不开有为政府。回顾我国社会主义市场经 济发展历程，一些领域曾经陷入"一管就死、一放就乱"的怪圈，说到底，就是没能处理好"放"与"管"的 关系。以"一只手"之长克服"另一只手"之短，"两只手"协同配合，才能更好激发全社会的内生动力与创 新活力，形成既"放得活"又"管得好"的经济秩序。 放，是把该放归市场的放足、放到位，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。务必落实好"制定全 国统一大市场建设条例""拓展要素市场化改革试点"等会议部署，进一步完善产权保护和社会信用制 度，实行统一的市场准入、公平竞争制度，健全要素市场体系，实现要素价格市场决定、流动自主有 序、配置高效公平。 管，是把该政府管理的管好、管到位，更好发挥政 ...

Group 1 - The high-level socialist market economy system is a crucial guarantee for Chinese-style modernization, emphasizing the balance between market economy strengths and socialist system advantages [1] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests improving the basic socialist economic system and enhancing macroeconomic governance to ensure high-quality and sustainable development [1] - Policies promoting the synergy of visible and invisible hands in the economy aim to stimulate internal motivation and innovation across society [1] Group 2 - Hubei Dongyuxinsheng New Energy Co., Ltd., a joint venture between a private enterprise and a state-owned enterprise, has achieved significant milestones in battery production within three years [2] - The focus is on enhancing the competitiveness and innovation capacity of state-owned enterprises while also stimulating the potential of private enterprises in driving innovation and job creation [2] - The market's decisive role in resource allocation is emphasized, with ongoing reforms in state-owned enterprises to strengthen their core functions and competitiveness [2][3] Group 3 - The implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law and the reduction of the negative list for market access to 106 items are aimed at creating a more favorable environment for private enterprises [3] - The government is encouraged to maintain market order while allowing market mechanisms to operate freely, ensuring fair competition and addressing market failures [3] Group 4 - The establishment of a cross-provincial water rights trading framework in Yunnan and Sichuan highlights the ongoing efforts to enhance market-based resource allocation [4][5] - The government is transitioning to a role that emphasizes market rule-making and maintaining order, which is essential for correcting market failures and ensuring fair competition [5] Group 5 - The low-altitude economy is experiencing growth, supported by policy initiatives and regulatory frameworks that enhance its development [7] - Effective macroeconomic governance and scientific regulation are necessary to leverage the advantages of the socialist market economy [7][8] - The government is focusing on counter-cyclical adjustments and promoting domestic consumption to support economic growth [8][9] Group 6 - The "14th Five-Year Plan" includes significant infrastructure projects, with an emphasis on maintaining a balance between effective markets and proactive government intervention [9] - The combination of effective market mechanisms and active government roles is crucial for fostering a healthy and orderly market environment [9]

Group 1: Core Views - The importance of scientific macro-control and effective government governance is emphasized as an inherent requirement to leverage the advantages of the socialist market economy system [1][2] - The need to enhance the macroeconomic governance system is highlighted as a strategic arrangement to address deep-seated issues in economic operations [1][2] Group 2: Macroeconomic Governance System - A well-coordinated macroeconomic governance system is essential for stabilizing the economy and promoting high-quality development [2][3] - The relationship between government and market must be properly managed to improve macroeconomic governance efficiency [5][6] Group 3: Effective Market and Government - The concept of "effective market" is defined by its ability to reflect the scarcity of production factors through price signals, drive innovation through competition, and achieve optimal resource allocation [3][4] - The "active government" role is described as necessary for strategic guidance, scientific regulation, and risk prevention, complementing market functions [3][4] Group 4: Historical Context of Economic Reform - Since the reform and opening up, China has transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy, with a focus on the market's decisive role under macro-control [4][5] - The evolution of the understanding of the government-market relationship has been a continuous process, with significant milestones outlined in various party congresses [4] Group 5: Macro-Control System Improvement - The macro-control system is crucial for ensuring stable economic operations and must be continuously improved to respond to internal and external risks [7][8] - Key areas for improvement include enhancing national strategic planning, promoting regional coordinated development, and fostering innovation and industrial upgrading [8] Group 6: Fiscal and Financial Policy Reforms - Fiscal and financial policies are vital tools for connecting government macro-control with micro-resource allocation, and reforms in these areas are necessary for enhancing governance efficiency [9][10] - Specific reforms include optimizing the fiscal resource allocation, improving tax systems, and clarifying the fiscal relationship between central and local governments [10][11] Group 7: Consistency in Macro Policy Orientation - The need for consistent macro policy orientation is emphasized as a practical measure to promote high-quality development amid complex domestic and international challenges [13][14] - A systematic approach to policy coordination is necessary to ensure that economic policies align with actual development needs [15]

Group 1 - The core focus of the news is the strategic design and planning for high-quality economic development as outlined in the "Suggestions for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" [1] - The first strategic task emphasizes the construction of a modern industrial system and the strengthening of the real economy, with a focus on optimizing and upgrading traditional industries and developing emerging pillar industries [1] - The National Development and Reform Commission highlights the importance of emerging pillar industries as new support and engines for economic development, emphasizing coordinated efforts from both supply and demand sides [1] Group 2 - The establishment of a unified national market is a significant decision made by the central government, aiming to eliminate barriers to market construction and enhance the internal dynamics of the domestic economy [2] - The Ministry of Market Regulation plans to improve fair competition review capabilities and strengthen enforcement against anti-competitive practices to ensure a fair market environment [2] - The suggestions also call for the enhancement of the socialist market economy system to support high-quality development [2] Group 3 - The Ministry of Finance emphasizes the importance of optimizing resource allocation and maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden to promote high-quality development and social equity [3] - There is a focus on improving the fiscal relationship between central and local governments, increasing local financial autonomy, and establishing a sustainable government debt management mechanism [3] - The approach aims to balance debt reduction with development to enhance fiscal sustainability [3]

Core Viewpoint - The document "Several Measures to Further Promote the Development of Private Investment" addresses the challenges faced by private investment in China, providing timely and strategic policies aimed at enhancing the high-quality development of the economy [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Highlights - The measures include 13 high-quality policy initiatives that target the pain points, bottlenecks, and difficulties of private investment, injecting vitality into its development [1]. - Key areas of focus include expanding market access, promoting fair competition, facilitating the integration of digital and physical sectors, and optimizing investment and financing support [1][2]. Group 2: Innovations and Operational Aspects - Compared to previous policies, the new measures are more innovative and actionable, addressing the short-term challenges of declining private investment while laying the groundwork for a high-level socialist market economy [2]. - Specific actions include clarifying the shareholding ratios for private capital in key sectors, removing unreasonable restrictions on private enterprises in bidding processes, and eliminating barriers to entry in the service industry [2][3]. Group 3: Addressing Operational Challenges - The measures aim to resolve operational difficulties for private enterprises by ensuring electricity grid access, supporting major pilot platform construction, and providing market-oriented services [3]. - Encouragement for state-owned enterprises, universities, and research institutions to open pilot resources to private enterprises breaks down barriers between industry, academia, and research, facilitating more efficient technology transfer [3]. Group 4: Long-term Mechanisms - The establishment of long-term mechanisms is emphasized, including the regulation of government and social capital cooperation, revising the list of franchising operations, and implementing green channels for public offerings [3]. - The promotion of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in infrastructure provides new channels for private enterprises to revitalize assets, effectively alleviating financing difficulties [3]. Group 5: Implementation and Clarity - The measures are characterized by clear and specific language, moving beyond vague terms like "encourage" and "support" to explicitly list key areas for private investment participation and quantify shareholding ratios [4]. - This shift transforms private capital participation from an optional choice to a necessary one, aiming to ensure effective implementation and avoid superficial compliance [4].

Core Viewpoint - The core focus of the article is on the "15th Five-Year Plan" which emphasizes high-quality development as the central theme for China's economic and social development in the upcoming five years, building on the previous "14th Five-Year Plan" [1][2]. Economic Development Strategy - The "15th Five-Year Plan" outlines seven strategic tasks aimed at promoting sustained and healthy economic development, which include building a modern industrial system, enhancing technological self-reliance, and optimizing regional economic layouts [2][3]. - The plan stresses the importance of economic construction as a priority, reflecting the party's long-standing commitment to economic development [3]. Technological Innovation - The plan prioritizes the establishment of a modern industrial system and emphasizes the need for innovation in key technologies to overcome reliance on external sources [4][5]. - It aims to foster new pillar industries, particularly in sectors like renewable energy, aerospace, and advanced materials, to drive economic growth [3][4]. Financial Support and Policy - Financial systems are urged to enhance support for major strategic areas and weak links, with a focus on providing comprehensive financial services for technological innovation [2]. - The government plans to optimize fiscal resource allocation to ensure effective use of funds in high-quality development areas [2][7]. Market and Economic Structure - The plan emphasizes the construction of a strong domestic market and the need to break down barriers to create a unified national market [6][8]. - It calls for the enhancement of the socialist market economy to ensure sustainable high-quality development [6]. Agricultural and Rural Development - The plan highlights the importance of modernizing agriculture and rural areas, ensuring that rural populations benefit from modernization efforts [9]. - It aims to establish mechanisms to prevent poverty and ensure sustainable development in rural regions [9]. Regional Coordination - The plan includes measures to promote regional coordinated development, emphasizing infrastructure connectivity and collaboration across administrative boundaries [10]. - It aims to create a framework for sustainable cooperation among different regions to leverage their respective advantages [10].