文︱陆弃 在全球贸易体系中，争端并不罕见，但每一次进入正式裁决程序的案件，往往都折射出更深层的结构性 张力。2月24日，世界贸易组织争端解决机构决定成立专家组，审理中国与印度围绕可再生能源与汽车 领域关税及相关措施的分歧。这一程序性进展看似技术性，却在多边贸易秩序持续承压的背景下，具有 格外鲜明的象征意义。 近年来，新能源与汽车产业已成为各国政策布局的核心。能源转型目标叠加产业竞争现实，使政府在市 场开放与产业保护之间反复权衡。关税、补贴、本地化要求与激励机制交织，既是政策工具，也是争议 源头。当这些措施被指"限制性"或"歧视性"，分歧便从双边谈判进入制度框架。此次争端的走向，正是 在这一逻辑下展开。 中国方面认为，印度在可再生能源与汽车领域实施的关税与激励安排违反了多边规则，并已在此前会议 中请求成立专家组。印度则对争端持续表示遗憾，强调其措施符合世贸组织规则，并指出已本着诚意参 与磋商。双方立场分歧并不令人意外，却再次凸显多边机制在复杂政策环境中的调解角色。 问题的关键不仅在于关税税率本身，更在于政策设计背后的治理逻辑。新能源产业具有显著的战略属 性，涉及能源安全、技术创新与就业结构调整。各国通过政策支持 ...

当前，破解"内卷式"竞争是全国统一大市场建设中的一个重要课题。两个案例，给人启示。 一个关于强保护。 吉某车企下属公司40名高管及技术人员先后"跳槽"至另一家车企，这家车企在没有技术积累或合法技术 来源的情况下，利用吉某车企的底盘零部件图纸技术，短期内推出某系列型号电动汽车，令吉某车企遭 受巨大损失。 有计划有组织"挖人"、攫取他人竞争优势的恶性竞争如何惩治？最高人民法院适用2倍惩罚性赔偿，判 决侵权人赔偿吉某车企经济损失及维权合理开支合计约6.4亿元，创我国知识产权侵权诉讼判赔数额历 史新高。这一裁判为行业公平竞争划出红线，也为新能源汽车长足发展提供法治引领。 强保护才能激励创新创造。以法治维护市场公平竞争秩序，才能更好破除"内卷"。 一个关于强信心。 江苏一家机械科技公司先后被竞争对手3次提起专利侵权诉讼，在前两次胜诉的情况下，对方在该公司 申请上市时，发起第三次诉讼，企图通过诉讼破坏企业商誉、阻断其发展进程。该公司负责人决定应 诉，并提出反诉。 对于恶意诉讼，守规矩的企业会吃亏吗？不会！最终，竞争对手的诉讼请求被法院驳回，被判刊登声明 消除影响，并赔偿该公司合理开支40万元。这家机械科技公司负责人直言， ...

竞争的本质，是价值创造能力的比拼。进入2026年，"反内卷"政策信号持续释放，执法实践纵深推进， 一系列治理行动与制度安排清晰显示："反内卷"绝非否定竞争、抑制市场活力，而是要运用法治化、规 范化手段，对低水平、同质化、内耗型非理性竞争进行精准纠偏，引导经营主体将竞争主战场从"拼价 格"的内耗博弈，转向"拼创新、比品质、赛服务"的价值创造高地。 观察当下，部分行业"内卷"仍存，企业利润空间持续承压。我国拥有全球最完整的产业体系，市场空间 广阔，创新动力澎湃，许多领域的硬件装备与技术水平居于世界前列。然而，一些产业未能完全摆脱旧 有路径依赖，习惯于将竞争等同于规模扩张与成本压降，困于"以量取胜"的思维定式，陷入"越卷越 亏、越亏越卷"的被动局面。 "立"的方面，制度篱笆越扎越牢，夯实发展根基。价格法修订加快推进，细分行业合规指南陆续出台， 公平竞争审查制度持续完善……一系列法律法规与制度安排，为市场竞争划出清晰红线与合规跑道，既 有效稳定市场预期，打消企业家后顾之忧，又引导企业家将心力聚焦主业创新与品质提升。 当然，引导相关行业从"卷价格"向"优价值"转变，还需要健全长效激励机制。当潜心研发者能赢得市场 认可， ...

值得关注的是，该企业负责人对政策效果赞不绝口，却对消费者承担的成本转嫁只字未提。这种"保护性公平"的悖论在于：当决策者用关税筑起温室时，既 扼杀了本土产业升级的动力，也剥夺了消费者选择优质低价商品的权力。市场规律表明，没有经过残酷国际竞争淬炼的产业，永远无法真正强大。 任何经济体都不可能完全开放市场，适度的贸易保护确有必要。但若将保护措施异化为维持落后产能的工具，最终买单的将是整个社会的经济效率。当政策 制定者沉迷于制造"公平竞争"的幻觉时，或许该听听消费者对高价货架和漫长交货期的真实评价——毕竟，民生福祉才是检验经济政策的终极标准。 美高层近日视察某钢铁制品企业时，企业负责人当面陈述困境：过去在面对海外低价货架冲击时，美国本土制造业毫无竞争力——对方产品单价仅需90美 元，而自身生产成本高达150美元。这位负责人特别强调，美高层推行的关税政策"让竞争环境变得公平"，此番表态引发舆论热议。 据现场披露的细节显示，在关税保护措施实施后，美国消费者购买同类货架的价格已突破150美元关口，且交货周期延长至36周。这种"公平竞争"的直接后 果，是普通民众不得不为工业品支付更高价格，企业生产效率却因缺乏国际竞争压力持续 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the potential for consensus among China, the US, and the EU on certain issues despite apparent differences, particularly in the context of WTO reform [1] - China submitted a position paper to the WTO advocating for inclusive economic globalization and a rules-based multilateral trading system, contrasting with the US and EU's focus on perceived imbalances caused by the rise of developing countries [3][4] - The document highlights the historical lessons learned by China regarding the importance of openness and cooperation for development, noting that the WTO has significantly contributed to global trade growth over the past 30 years [3] Group 2 - Fair competition is identified as a core issue in WTO reform, with China proposing that discussions should focus on government measures that distort international trade rather than vague concepts of unfair competition [4][5] - There is a shared goal among the three parties to restore the WTO dispute resolution mechanism, which serves as a foundational basis for cooperation [6] - China has taken concrete actions to build trust, such as announcing it will not seek new special and differential treatment in current and future WTO negotiations, signaling a commitment to fair competition under the same rules as developed countries [7]

近年来，民营经济竞争环境深受产业结构调整、供需格局变化等因素相互叠加影响，部分行业的竞争焦 点从提升技术、优化产品转向压低价格、缩减成本，一些民营企业在有限市场空间内相互挤压，导致劳 动强度不断加码，人才对相关行业的预期下降，企业的创新能力和发展后劲受到冲击，"内卷式"竞争引 发社会广泛关注。2025年中央经济工作会议明确提出，"制定全国统一大市场建设条例，深入整治'内卷 式'竞争"。有效引导民营经济走出"内卷困境"、构建民营经济发展新格局，成为推动民营经济实现高质 量发展的关键问题。 一、从政策优化到企业引导 破解民营经济"内卷困境"，需要通过制度和环境改善，形成既放得活又管得好的经济秩序，引导企业竞 争重回价值创造的健康轨道，加快重塑有利于长期投入和公平竞争的民营经济发展新格局。 （一）以更健全的制度供给稳住发展预期。稳住民营企业发展预期，关键在于以制度供给的稳定性对冲 经营环境的不确定性。一是完善公平竞争制度体系，引导资源向高效领域流动。坚持有效市场和有为政 府相结合，加快破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设的堵点卡点，推进市场准入规则透明化和执行标准统一 化，减少不同地区、不同部门之间的制度差异；持续加强公平竞 ...

Group 1 - The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) held discussions with major platform companies including Alibaba, Douyin, Baidu, Tencent, JD.com, Meituan, and Taobao Shanguo, emphasizing the need to comply with various laws such as the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, Price Law, Consumer Rights Protection Law, and E-commerce Law [1] - SAMR urged these platform companies to take proactive responsibility and further standardize promotional activities on their platforms [1] - The regulatory body reminded the relevant platform companies to eliminate all forms of "involution" competition to maintain a fair competitive market environment, promoting innovation and healthy development in the platform economy [2]

Core Viewpoint - The newly released "Antitrust Guidelines for Public Utilities" marks a significant step in China's antitrust legal framework, specifically targeting essential public services such as water, electricity, gas, heating, sewage treatment, waste management, and public transportation, aiming to enhance regulatory precision and support high-quality development [1] Group 1: Need for the Guidelines - Public utilities exhibit significant public, foundational, and network-dependent characteristics, with natural monopoly attributes primarily in infrastructure sectors [2] - Some public utility companies have misused their market power in natural monopoly sectors to extend monopolistic advantages into competitive areas, harming consumer rights [2] - Since the implementation of the Antitrust Law, 43 antitrust cases in the public utility sector have been investigated, highlighting both the accumulation of enforcement experience and existing challenges in the regulatory landscape [2] Group 2: Institutional Innovations - The Guidelines consist of seven chapters and 50 articles, emphasizing four major innovations: - A modern governance approach of "differentiated regulation and precise measures," focusing on distinguishing between natural monopoly and competitive sectors [4] - Clear analysis factors for identifying abuse of market dominance in public utilities, detailing specific behaviors and legitimate justifications [5] - Systematic regulation of fair competition reviews and the abuse of administrative power to eliminate competition [6] - A "flexible and multi-faceted" incentive and constraint mechanism encouraging companies to comply proactively [7] Group 3: Practical Significance - The implementation of the Guidelines will provide a professional and clear enforcement toolbox for regulatory agencies, enhancing case handling quality and efficiency [8] - For public utility operators, the Guidelines serve as an authoritative compliance guide, helping them identify risks associated with extending monopolistic advantages into competitive areas [8] - The Guidelines aim to enhance consumer welfare by regulating unfair pricing, refusal to deal, and other practices that harm public interests, ensuring better access to essential services [8] Group 4: Future Outlook - The release of the Guidelines signifies a solid step in China's antitrust legal system, with a mission to support high-quality development and common prosperity [9] - Strengthening antitrust enforcement in public utilities is crucial for building a unified national market, addressing hidden barriers that hinder free flow of resources [9] - Antitrust enforcement must adapt to emerging trends in digitalization, addressing potential new forms of monopolistic behavior in smart utilities and platform services [10]

Core Viewpoint - The company, Ecovacs Robotics, has issued a statement addressing baseless accusations and malicious defamation from certain individuals and companies on online platforms, emphasizing its commitment to lawful and compliant operations, product innovation, and ethical standards [1][9]. Group 1: Company Response - Ecovacs Robotics has taken legal measures to collect evidence against malicious actions aimed at defaming the company and reserves the right to pursue legal responsibility [1][9]. - The company calls for all industry participants to adhere to fair competition principles and maintain public order and decency, focusing on the essence of business and promoting a positive environment for industry development [1][9]. Group 2: Industry Context - Prior accusations from the founder and CEO of ZhiMi Technology, Yu Hao, claim that Ecovacs has been involved in purchasing online "water army" to manipulate public opinion [4][12]. - Yu Hao has expressed concerns about the presence of organized efforts to disrupt their live broadcasts with defamatory comments, indicating a competitive and hostile environment within the industry [6][14].

Group 1: Economic Recovery and Market Regulation - The development quality of business entities is continuously improving, with a projected 25.745 million new business entities established by 2025, and the number of active enterprises increasing by 9.8% year-on-year, raising their share of total enterprises by 4.7 percentage points [1] - The market regulatory authority has handled 14,600 cases of unfair competition, emphasizing the importance of service to business development and the need for a unified national market [2] - The central economic work conference highlighted the need to eliminate local protectionism and administrative monopolies, focusing on strict law enforcement and the abolition of regulations that hinder fair competition [3] Group 2: Consumer Protection and Market Environment - In 2025, the market regulatory system received 26.46 million complaints and reports, recovering economic losses of 4.35 billion yuan for consumers, and recalling 8.236 million consumer goods [4] - The regulatory authority initiated a three-year action plan to optimize the consumer environment, enhancing service quality and expanding consumption scenarios [5] - The establishment of a "no-reason return" initiative and improvements in complaint handling procedures have increased the public complaint platform's visibility to 98.4% [5] Group 3: Quality and Safety Oversight - The market regulatory authority has made significant progress in quality governance, achieving breakthroughs in 21 key technology bottlenecks and filling 71 urgent quality technology gaps by 2025 [6] - Food safety supervision showed a non-compliance rate of 2.74%, with a 57% year-on-year decrease in the number of non-compliant enterprises [6] - The regulatory authority is committed to enhancing safety oversight in food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products, maintaining a drug inspection pass rate above 99% [6] Group 4: Platform Economy Regulation - The platform economy is facing challenges while being a crucial part of the social economy, with the regulatory authority focusing on addressing prominent issues in platform rules and fees [7] - Significant progress has been made in regulating the platform economy, with ongoing efforts to ensure it contributes to high-quality development [7]