——访中国民航大学经济与管理学院教授、中国国际税收研究会学术委员励贺林 图片来源/新华社 ■ 中国经济时报记者 郭锦辉 数字经济发展带来新经济、新业态、新模式，在改变人们的生产生活方式、重塑经济社会发展格局的同时，也对现行税收体系带来了冲击。如何看待数字 经济全球税收治理带来的重要影响？中国经济时报记者专访了中国民航大学经济与管理学院教授、中国国际税收研究会学术委员励贺林。 数字经济全球税收治理博弈激烈 中国经济时报：目前，数字经济全球税收治理呈现怎么样的格局？数字经济税收对国际税收规则产生了哪些影响？ 励贺林：当前，国际形势变乱交织，联合国和多边主义受到冲击，全球治理赤字持续扩大，数字经济全球税收治理同样遇到重大挑战，国际税收合作的道 路并不平坦。在2021年10月13日于美国召开的二十国集团（G20）财长和央行行长会议上，各国财长和央行行长就应对经济数字化税收挑战的"双支柱"方 案达成最终共识，这是世界各国携手共同解决全球性问题的一次成功实践，对于建立公平合理的国际经济秩序具有十分重要的现实意义和深远的历史意 义。然而，国际税收新规则的道路并不平坦，尤其是特朗普开启第二个美国总统任期以来，数字经济全球税收 ...

科学的宏观调控、有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。健全以国家发展 规划为战略导向，以财政政策和货币政策为主要手段，就业、产业、投资、消费、环保、区域等政策紧 密配合，目标优化、分工合理、高效协同的宏观经济治理体系，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央对宏观 调控理论和实践作出的重大创新。习近平总书记强调，"健全宏观经济治理体系，发挥国家发展规划的 战略导向作用，加强财政政策和货币政策协调配合，着力扩大内需，增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用 和投资对优化供给结构的关键作用"。党的二十届四中全会提出"坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，更 好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，完善宏观经济治理体系，确保高质量发展行稳致远"，强调"提升宏观经 济治理效能"。这一系列重要部署，是立足中国式现代化全局、应对新时代宏观经济治理挑战的战略安 排，为破解经济运行中的深层问题提供了遵循。 宏观调控制度体系是宏观经济治理体系的重要组成部分，其完善程度直接决定着宏观经济治理的实 际成效，直接影响高质量发展的成色。完善宏观调控制度体系能够有效优化保障宏观经济平稳运行的相 关机制，有助于实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，还能灵活应对宏 ...

Core Views - The article emphasizes the importance of a sound macroeconomic governance system and effective government management as intrinsic requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system [1][2][3] Macroeconomic Governance System - The governance system should be closely coordinated with policies on employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional development to ensure high-quality and sustainable economic growth [1][2] - The central government has made significant innovations in macroeconomic regulation theory and practice, focusing on expanding domestic demand and enhancing the foundational role of consumption in economic development [1][2] Government and Market Relationship - The relationship between an effective market and a proactive government is a core issue in China's economic reform, with the need for the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation while the government addresses market failures [3][4] - The article outlines the evolution of the understanding of the government-market relationship, highlighting the shift from a focus on the market's basic role to its decisive role in resource allocation [4] Enhancing Governance Efficiency - Improving the macroeconomic governance system requires precise delineation of government and market responsibilities, modernization of government governance capabilities, and the establishment of a collaborative mechanism to reflect market demands [5][6] - The article stresses the need for a comprehensive macro-control system that can flexibly respond to internal and external economic risks, ensuring the stability of economic operations [7][8] Fiscal and Financial Policy Reforms - Fiscal and financial policies are crucial tools for connecting government macro-control with micro resource allocation, and reforms in these areas are essential for enhancing macroeconomic governance efficiency [9][10] - The article suggests focusing on improving fiscal resource management, optimizing the tax system, and clarifying the fiscal relationship between central and local governments to ensure sustainable fiscal operations [10][11] Consistency in Macroeconomic Policies - The need for consistent macroeconomic policy orientation is highlighted as a practical measure for promoting high-quality development, especially in the face of external uncertainties and domestic economic pressures [13][14] - The article advocates for a systematic approach to policy coordination, ensuring that economic policies align with actual development needs and are effectively communicated to stakeholders [15][16]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) released the monetary policy implementation report for Q3 2025, highlighting the challenges posed by external uncertainties and the need for stronger domestic economic recovery [1] Group 1: Economic Environment - The global economic landscape is facing significant challenges, with insufficient growth momentum and a divided performance among major economies [1] - China's economy continues to encounter risks and challenges, necessitating efforts to solidify the foundation for domestic economic recovery [1] Group 2: Policy Direction - The PBOC emphasizes the importance of maintaining strategic determination and confidence in achieving breakthroughs in tasks related to Chinese-style modernization [1] - Future monetary policy will be guided by Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, focusing on the implementation of the 20th National Congress and other key meetings [1] Group 3: Financial Strategy - The PBOC aims to deepen financial reform and promote high-level opening-up, striving to build a strong financial nation and improve the central bank's system [1] - A comprehensive monetary policy framework and macro-prudential management system will be established to enhance the transmission mechanism of monetary policy [1] Group 4: Balancing Objectives - The PBOC will balance short-term and long-term goals, growth support and risk prevention, as well as internal and external equilibrium [1] - Emphasis will be placed on consistent macro policy orientation and effective governance to sustain growth, employment, and expectations [1]

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of macroeconomic policies for future economic development in China [4] - There is a significant focus on activating idle assets, with state-owned administrative assets totaling 68.2 trillion yuan and net assets of 55.4 trillion yuan by the end of 2024 [3] - The plan encourages a collaborative approach between fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate domestic demand and consumption [10][13] Group 1: Macroeconomic Policy - The plan advocates for a more proactive macroeconomic policy, which will shape China's fiscal and financial strategies over the next five years [4] - The recent initiative in Anhui to manage "large assets" aims to activate idle government resources, potentially leading to new industries and job creation [6] Group 2: Economic Growth and Development - The focus on "digging potential" from existing assets suggests that there are untapped resources that could contribute to economic growth if effectively utilized [3] - The alignment of fiscal and monetary policies is intended to foster an economy driven by domestic demand, consumption, and endogenous growth [10][13] Group 3: Challenges and Opportunities - The next five years are expected to present both strategic opportunities and risks, but the underlying strengths of China's industrial system, market size, talent pool, and innovation capacity provide a solid foundation for long-term economic development [15]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's GDP surpassed 100 trillion yuan in 2020 and is expected to reach around 140 trillion yuan by 2025, emphasizing the importance of stable and sustainable development in the face of various risks and challenges during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period [2] - The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its fourth plenary session, which reviewed and approved the "Suggestions on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" [2] - The National Development and Reform Commission emphasized the need for macroeconomic governance and comprehensive coordination to ensure that macro policies work in concert during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period [2] Group 2 - There is a focus on expanding macro policy space and enhancing the efficient coordination of factors such as human flow, logistics, capital flow, and information flow to effectively respond to various risks and challenges [3] - The need for innovative governance tools and the regulation of government behavior to prevent undue interference while maximizing market mechanisms is highlighted [3] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period will emphasize the consistency of macro policy orientation, conducting assessments of incremental policy consistency, and adjusting or abolishing policies that do not align with macroeconomic goals [3]

Group 1: Financial Forum Overview - The 8th Lixin Financial Forum was held in Shanghai, focusing on "Building a Financial Power and High-Level Financial Openness" [1] - Keynote speeches were delivered by Liu Yan from Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance and He Dexu from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences [1] Group 2: Keynote Insights - Liu Liya from Shanghai University emphasized the relationship between regulatory penalties and banking operations, noting that penalties drive banks to transform their operational paradigms, leading to lower loan rates and increased corporate revenues [1] - Wu Wenfeng from Shanghai Jiao Tong University reported that since 2016, the consistency of China's macro policy orientation has shown a rising trend, positively impacting corporate investment levels and efficiency [2] Group 3: Roundtable Discussions - Jin Lianming from Agricultural Bank of China discussed the importance of serving the broader community in building a strong financial nation, highlighting the need for financial services to support both domestic and international economic interactions [3] - Jia Zhanfeng from the Yangtze River Delta G60 Innovation Corridor introduced a comprehensive financial service system for tech enterprises, which includes over 20 specialized financial products and has seen 123 listed companies across nine cities, accounting for 21% of the national total [3] Group 4: Innovations in Financial Services - He Liehui from the China-Africa Friendship Association advocated for diversified guarantees and innovative cross-border financial services to support Chinese enterprises going abroad [4] - Zheng Tingqiang from Taikang Life Insurance introduced a new insurance model that integrates traditional insurance, stable asset growth, and healthcare services, emphasizing the long-term investment approach of insurance capital [4] Group 5: Educational Collaborations - Shanghai Lixin University has collaborated with Agricultural Bank of China since 2014 to develop a talent cultivation model that combines academic and practical training in finance [5] - The establishment of the Yangtze River Delta Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Services in 2021 marks a significant achievement in supporting the financial needs of the G60 Innovation Corridor [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking and a holistic perspective in planning economic work, particularly in the face of uncertainties, to effectively amplify policy effects [1][2] - In the first half of the year, final consumption contributed 52% to economic growth, with a second-quarter contribution of 52.3%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points from the first quarter and 4.4 percentage points from the same period last year [1] - A series of policies have been implemented to support consumption, including 300 billion yuan in special bonds for consumption upgrades, adjustments to existing mortgage rates, and employment subsidies to promote high-quality employment [1][2] Group 2 - The article highlights the need for coherence among various policies to avoid conflicts that could hinder macroeconomic governance, emphasizing the importance of aligning policy objectives [1][2] - Since September of last year, a package of incremental policies has been introduced, including debt reduction measures for local governments and mechanisms to support financing for small and micro enterprises, which have contributed to a rapid recovery in market activity and improved business expectations [2][3] - The article notes that over 4,000 policies that hinder the construction of a unified national market and fair competition have been eliminated, effectively releasing market vitality [3]

今年上半年最终消费对经济增长的贡献率达到52%，其中二季度贡献率为52.3%，较一季度提高0.6个百 分点，较去年同期提高4.4个百分点。 以战略思维和全局视野统筹谋划经济工作，与各种不确定性抢时间，看准了就一次性给足，可以有效放 大政策效应 经济增长的"第一引擎"动力澎湃，离不开政策合力助推：安排3000亿元超长期特别国债资金支持消费品 以旧换新；批量调整存量房贷利率，为居民节省利息支出；发放就业补助资金，促进高质量充分就业， 提高就业的质量；深入实施"人工智能+"行动，扩容消费场景……多项政策同向而行、环环相扣，形成 了提升消费能力、提振消费意愿、拓展消费场景、扩大消费供给的政策合力。 化"资源池"为"及时雨"，还要强化动态调整。为确保政策同向发力和高效执行，要坚持监督评估、不断 纠偏，实时收集地方在政策执行中遇到的问题，形成动态反馈链条。因为部分条款与国家政策要求存在 不一致，妨碍市场公平竞争，黑龙江哈尔滨市政府废止《哈尔滨市支持对外贸易发展的若干政策》。因 部分政策过时、与国家调控要求不符，辽宁沈阳市房产局废止房地产市场领域8个文件。自2023年以 来，各地区、各部门清理妨碍全国统一大市场建设和公平竞 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking and a holistic perspective in planning economic work, particularly in the face of uncertainties, to effectively amplify policy effects [1][2] - In the first half of the year, final consumption contributed 52% to economic growth, with a second-quarter contribution of 52.3%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points from the first quarter and 4.4 percentage points from the same period last year [1] - A series of policies have been implemented to support consumption, including 300 billion yuan in special bonds for consumption upgrades, adjustments to existing mortgage rates, and employment subsidies to promote high-quality employment [1][2] Group 2 - The article highlights the need for coherence among various policies to avoid conflicts that could hinder macroeconomic governance, emphasizing the importance of aligning policy objectives [1][2] - The central government has reiterated the need to strengthen the consistency of macro policies, which is crucial for enhancing policy synergy and improving economic governance efficiency [1][3] - Recent predictions from international institutions indicate a slowdown in the global economy, yet many have raised their growth expectations for China, attributing this to the stability of Chinese policies [3]