Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Michael Barr expressed concerns that further interest rate cuts could exacerbate inflation risks, indicating that the decision for a potential cut in October will be a "difficult choice" [1] Summary by Relevant Sections - **Monetary Policy Outlook** - Barr highlighted the need for caution regarding interest rate cuts, stating that the fear of increasing inflation is a significant reason for this caution [1] - He noted that if there were no concerns about the labor market, there would have been no need for a rate cut last month, indirectly confirming that the September rate cut decision was primarily based on a careful assessment of the employment market [1] - **Decision-Making Process** - The Federal Reserve must decide in October whether to adjust interest rates again, with Barr emphasizing that "taking very cautious actions is appropriate" [1] - He reiterated that the core mission of the Federal Reserve is to "balance various objectives," including price stability and full employment, which reflects the independence of the central bank [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint expressed by Michael Barr is the concern that further interest rate cuts may exacerbate inflation risks, making the decision for potential cuts in October a "difficult choice" [1] - Barr indicated that the decision to cut rates in September was primarily based on a cautious assessment of the labor market, suggesting that if there were no concerns about the labor market, a cut would not have been necessary [1] - He emphasized the importance of balancing various objectives, including price stability and full employment, which reflects the independence of the central bank [1] Group 2 - In terms of macroeconomic fundamentals, Barr stated that the overall household balance sheet situation is relatively good and that there is no evidence of an economic boom driven by credit [2] - He noted that the wealth effect may be contributing to consumer spending growth [2] - Regarding balance sheet operations, Barr mentioned that the progress in balance sheet normalization has been quite smooth and highlighted the importance of having effective policy rate "ceiling tools" [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's Collins expresses an openness to further interest rate cuts, anticipating a reduction in price pressures sometime next year [1] Summary by Relevant Sections - Interest Rate Policy - Collins supports the recent decision to lower the interest rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4%-4.25%, indicating that this move aids in balancing employment and inflation targets [1] - She suggests that a further modest reduction in policy rates may be appropriate this year, contingent on data validation [1] - Economic Outlook - Collins emphasizes the need for a moderate tightening policy stance to restore price stability while minimizing risks to the labor market [1]

来源：中国人民银行 中国人民银行货币政策委员会召开2025年第三季度例会 中国人民银行货币政策委员会2025年第三季度（总第110次）例会于9月23日召开。 常态化的制度安排，维护资本市场稳定。持续做好支持民营经济发展壮大的金融服务，充分发挥 支持小微企业融资协调工作机制作用，进一步打通中小微企业融资的堵点和卡点。着力推动已出 台金融政策措施落地见效，加大存量商品房和存量土地盘活力度，巩固房地产市场稳定态势，完 善房地产金融基础性制度，助力构建房地产发展新模式。切实推进金融高水平双向开放，提高开 放条件下经济金融管理能力和风险防控能力。 会议强调，要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会 和中央经济工作会议精神，按照党中央、国务院的决策部署，牢牢把握高质量发展首要任务，扎 实推进中国式现代化，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局。把做强国内大循环 摆到更加突出的位置，统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，增强宏观政策协调配合，保持政策连续性 稳定性，增强灵活性预见性，扩大内需、稳定预期、激发活力，巩固拓展经济回升向好势头。 本次会议由中国人民银行行长兼货币政策委员会主席潘功胜 ...

她补充说，通胀的上升幅度低于她和她的同事们此前的预期，而且价格压力主要集中在受关税影响的经 济领域。在本月降息之前，美联储官员今年一直维持利率不变，以评估包括贸易政策在内的新政策对经 济的影响。 戴利表示："实际上，是在为劳动力市场提供一定的支持，以使其保持良好状态，同时也在继续将通胀 率降至我们的 2% 目标水平。" 上周，美联储政策制定者们自去年 12 月以来首次降息，将基准利率下调了25个基点。戴利表示，她"完 全支持"这一决定，因为经济增长、消费者支出以及劳动力市场都出现了放缓的情况。 戴利补充道，经济仍需要货币政策的一定"调控"，但所需程度不如之前那么严重。 智通财经APP获悉，旧金山联储主席戴利表示，可能还需要进一步降低利率，但美联储在采取此类举措 时应谨慎行事。戴利周三表示："在努力恢复物价稳定的同时为劳动力市场提供必要支持的过程中，可 能还需要进一步的政策调整。但这些只是预测，并非承诺。要做出正确的决策，我们需要明确自己的目 标，权衡利弊，反复做出抉择。" 戴利表示，尽管劳动力市场有所放缓，但目前情况并非十分糟糕，经济也不存在陷入衰退的风险。她在 演讲后的问答环节中表示，美联储的降息举措将有助 ...

大家好！9月18日凌晨两点，美联储将基准利率下调25个基点至4.00%-4.25%，符合市场预期，重启自去 年12月以来暂停的降息步伐。 美国联邦储备委员会批准了市场普遍预期的降息，并释放信号称，鉴于对美国劳动力市场的担忧加剧， 年内还将再降两次。 联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)以11票赞成、1票反对通过，将基准隔夜拆借利率下调25个基点至4%— 4.25%的区间，反对意见少于华尔街此前预期。 新任理事斯蒂芬·I·米兰(Stephen I. Miran)是唯一的反对者，他主张本次应降息50个基点。 曾被认为可能"另起异议"的两位理事米歇尔·W·鲍曼和克里斯托弗·J·沃勒均投票支持下调25个基点。上 述几位均由特朗普提名。特朗普一直敦促美联储不仅要采取传统的25个基点步幅，还应更快、更激进地 下调联邦基金利率。 【导读】美联储降息25基点 此次会议之前伴随着不同寻常的政治戏剧性，这对一向低调运作、少有异议声音的美联储而言并不常 见。 一年前，在同样担心失业率温和上升可能预示更广泛疲弱的背景下，FOMC曾批准一次性降息50个基 点。特朗普表示，那次降息带有政治动机，是为了在总统选举中帮助其民主党对手卡玛拉·哈里斯 ...

Core Viewpoint - Stephen Miran, nominated by President Trump for the Federal Reserve Board, emphasizes the importance of maintaining the independence of the central bank and its dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment [1][4]. Group 1: Federal Reserve's Role and Responsibilities - The primary responsibility of the central bank is to prevent economic downturns and hyperinflation, with monetary policy independence being crucial for its success [1][4]. - The Federal Reserve plays a vital role in managing liquidity in the financial system, which requires regular and precise adjustments [5]. - The Federal Reserve oversees the most significant financial institutions globally and sets different funding prices for borrowers, including other central banks [2][5]. Group 2: Miran's Background and Perspectives - Miran has served as the Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers and has extensive experience in monetary policy and macroeconomics, having studied at Harvard University [3][4]. - He has previously criticized the Federal Reserve's aggressive stimulus measures during the COVID-19 crisis and aims to base his decisions on macroeconomic analysis and long-term economic governance [1][4]. - Miran acknowledges the complexity of the Federal Reserve's functions and the importance of effective monetary policy for the economy's proper functioning and the maintenance of strong capital markets [5].

Economic Situation and Short-term Monetary Policy Outlook - The U.S. economy has shown resilience amid significant policy adjustments, with the labor market close to full employment and inflation down from pandemic peaks, although still slightly above target [1][2] - The current economic challenges include increased tariffs reshaping global trade, tightened immigration policies slowing labor growth, and potential long-term impacts from tax, spending, and regulatory changes [2][3] - The labor market has seen a significant slowdown in job growth, with an average of only 35,000 non-farm jobs added monthly over the past three months, compared to an expected average of 168,000 for 2024 [3] Inflation and GDP Growth - GDP growth has notably slowed to 1.2% in the first half of the year, about half of the projected 2.5% growth for 2024, primarily due to a decrease in consumer spending [4] - Inflation pressures are evident, with personal consumption expenditures (PCE) prices rising by 2.6% over the past 12 months, and core PCE prices increasing by 2.9%, indicating persistent inflationary trends [4][5] - Tariffs are contributing to rising prices, with the potential for these price increases to lead to more sustained inflation dynamics, although current labor market conditions may mitigate this risk [5] Monetary Policy Framework Evolution - The Federal Reserve's monetary policy framework is evolving to adapt to changing economic conditions, emphasizing the dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability [7][11] - The revised consensus statement reflects lessons learned from recent economic experiences, including the need for clear communication regarding monetary policy strategies in varying economic environments [11][12] - Key adjustments in the framework include a shift away from emphasizing the effective lower bound (ELB) as a defining characteristic of the economy and a return to a flexible inflation targeting approach [12][13] Long-term Economic Considerations - The revised framework acknowledges that the long-term neutral interest rate may be higher than in previous decades, influenced by factors such as productivity, demographics, and fiscal policy [11][15] - The commitment to a 2% long-term inflation target remains central to maintaining long-term inflation expectations, which is crucial for achieving the dual mandate [15][16] - The Federal Reserve plans to continue conducting public assessments of its framework approximately every five years to ensure alignment with evolving economic conditions [15][16]

Group 1 - David Zervos, a candidate for the Federal Reserve Chair and Chief Market Strategist at Jefferies, argues that the perception of the Federal Reserve as independent is inaccurate, stating that political pressure on the Fed has been increasing [1] - Zervos highlights that Democratic lawmakers have been pressuring monetary policymakers to lower interest rates in recent years [1] - He mentions that historically, Treasury Secretaries and the government have attempted to influence the Fed Chair behind the scenes [1] Group 2 - Zervos criticizes current Fed Chair Jerome Powell for not commenting on fiscal debates during a time of increased government spending, suggesting that Powell operates from a leftist perspective [1] - He points out that the Fed's decision to lower interest rates by 50 basis points last September occurred less than two months before the election, which some Republicans believe aided the Democrats [1] - Zervos emphasizes that the ongoing reduction of the Fed's balance sheet has made monetary policy more restrictive than many realize, reinforcing the case for interest rate cuts [2] Group 3 - Zervos defines full employment as an unemployment rate below 3.5%, which is significantly lower than the current rate of 4.2% [2] - He asserts that the Fed has a dual mandate to achieve price stability and maximize employment, which is influenced by the current economic conditions [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Bank of England has lowered the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 4.0%, marking the fifth rate cut in this cycle and the lowest level in over two years, in response to economic slowdown and rising unemployment while still monitoring inflation above target levels [3][4]. Economic Context - The UK economy showed signs of contraction in spring 2025, with April and May experiencing month-on-month declines of 0.3% and 0.1% respectively [7]. - The unemployment rate has risen to 4.7%, up from approximately 3.8% a year ago, indicating a shift from an overheated job market to a weakening one [7]. - Inflation, while down from a peak of over 11% in October 2022, remains at about 3.6%, significantly above the Bank of England's target of 2% [8]. Monetary Policy Committee Dynamics - The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) experienced a split vote during the recent meeting, with 4 members supporting a rate hold, 4 in favor of a 25 basis point cut, and 1 member advocating for a 50 basis point cut [5]. - The voting outcome reflects the economic dilemma faced by the MPC, balancing weak growth and rising unemployment against persistent inflation [6]. Future Outlook - Market expectations suggest that the Bank of England will maintain a cautious approach to monetary policy in the coming months, with a 70% probability of another 25 basis point cut by December [10]. - Analysts predict that if the Bank continues to cut rates by 25 basis points at each meeting, the benchmark rate could drop to 3.25% by early 2026, marking the longest and least aggressive rate-cutting cycle since World War II [10]. - Some analysts believe that the recent cut may be the last for a while due to persistent inflation concerns, indicating a potential pause in further easing [10].