绿色发展是中国式现代化的鲜明底色。党的二十届四中全会对"十五五"时期生态文明建设和生态环境保 护作出重大部署，明确提出"加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国"。为深入学习贯彻党的二 十届四中全会精神，本报记者采访了生态环境部党组书记孙金龙。 全面推进美丽中国建设意义重大而深远 记者：党的二十届四中全会将"加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国"作为"十五五"时期经济 社会发展的一项重大战略任务，这一战略安排具有什么样的重要意义？ 孙金龙：这一战略安排充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对生态文明建设一以贯之的高度重视和 战略谋划，为"十五五"时期全面推进美丽中国建设指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循，具有重大而深远 的意义。 第一，这是厚植中国式现代化绿色底色的必由之路。美丽中国建设事关如期实现第二个百年奋斗目标， 必须贯穿到中国式现代化全过程。要自觉站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展，以美丽中国建设全面 推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化，让中国式现代化的绿色底色更亮、更足。 第二，这是实现高质量发展的应有之义。协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，以高水平保护推动高质量 发展、创造高品质生活，是美丽中国建设的战 ...

党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，把"美丽中国建设取 得新的重大进展"列为"十五五"时期经济社会发展的主要目标之一，围绕"加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中 国"作出重要部署，强调"加快形成绿色生产生活方式"。面对美丽中国建设中的这道必答题，"十五五"时期，应多措并举， 加快把绿色发展理念转化为全民的日常行动。 建设生态文明，重在建章立制。"十四五"以来，我国生态文明体制改革成效显著，中国特色社会主义生态环境保护法律体 系和生态文明"四梁八柱"性质的制度体系基本形成。"十五五"时期，应进一步深化生态文明体制改革，把经过实践检验的 成熟做法上升为制度机制，加快制度创新、增加制度供给，让制度成为刚性约束。 对此，要继续推进中央生态环境保护督察制度，健全督察常态长效机制，统筹好流域督察和省域督察。深入推进生态环境 分区管控，动态衔接经济社会发展规划和国土空间规划，严格落实生态保护红线要求，实施分单元差异化保护修复策略。 进一步完善生态补偿机制，鼓励因地制宜探索生态产品价值转化实现路径，加快落实以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监 管制度，完善生态环境标准、监 ...

Group 1: Core Perspectives - The construction of a Beautiful China is a long-term strategic task and systematic project, with a focus on achieving harmony between humans and nature by 2035 [2][5] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is identified as a critical window for comprehensive green transformation in China's economy and society, emphasizing the need for systemic solutions [3][5] Group 2: Green Development and Innovation - Green development is highlighted as a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization, necessitating the acceleration of green productivity and the promotion of systemic governance of ecological pollution [3][6] - The need for a high-level ecological environment technology innovation system is emphasized, focusing on integrating research, technology breakthroughs, and practical applications [12] Group 3: Pollution Prevention and Control - Continuous advancement in the governance of new pollutants is essential for pollution prevention and the construction of a Beautiful China, requiring a full lifecycle risk management approach [4][7] - The implementation of solid waste comprehensive governance actions is necessary to promote source reduction and address solid waste issues in key areas [7] Group 4: Climate Change and Carbon Neutrality - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a strategic period for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, with a focus on transitioning the energy structure and promoting low-carbon development across various sectors [10][11] - The establishment of a carbon market is seen as a significant institutional innovation to control greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate a comprehensive green low-carbon transition [11] Group 5: Policy and Institutional Reforms - Deepening ecological civilization system reforms is crucial to address complex environmental challenges and enhance the ecological environment governance system [8][9] - The development of green finance is essential for supporting the construction of a Beautiful China, with an unprecedented demand for financing during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [4][9]

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》明确了深 化生态文明体制改革的目标任务，为新时代新征程全面推进美丽中国建设提出了明确要求。推进辽宁全 面振兴，要深化生态文明体制改革，着力破解生态文明领域的突出矛盾和问题，切实履行维护国家生态 安全的重要使命。 夯实制度根基，完善生态文明基础体制 全面推进美丽辽宁建设，要持续深化生态文明体制改革，搭建好制度框架，让制度成为刚性约束和不可 触碰的高压线。 落实主体功能区战略，构建完善辽宁省"四级三类"国土空间规划体系，统筹优化农业、生态、城镇等空 间布局。严格按照《辽宁省国土空间规划（2021—2035年）》要求全面加强对国土空间规划编制、审 批、实施、监督全生命周期管理，形成定位准确、功能互补、统一衔接的国土空间规划编制体系。严格 河湖水域岸线空间管控，建立健全覆盖全省的生态环境分区管控体系，加快构建生产空间集约高效、生 活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀，安全、绿色、开放、智慧、富有竞争力的国土空间布局。 加强美丽辽宁建设法治保障，健全生态环境地方性法规和制度体系，加强生态环境领域司法保护，积极 开展生态环境损害赔偿，不断夯实美 ...

Group 1 - The provincial audit office has initiated a special audit investigation on the implementation of forestry wetland-related policies across the province, aiming to reveal prominent issues and risks in policy execution, resource protection, fund management, and project construction [1] - The audit focuses on the implementation of major decisions and work requirements in the forestry sector, including the effectiveness of ecological civilization system reforms and the completion of planning and management tasks [1] - Key areas of concern include the management and sustainable use of forest and wetland resources, such as land occupation, timber harvesting, disaster prevention, and the protection of ancient trees [1] Group 2 - The audit investigation utilizes an intelligent auditing platform, employing a dual main audit approach of "business main audit + data main audit" to enhance efficiency [2] - The audit covers both provincial and municipal levels, with specific cities like Dongying and Yantai being directly audited by the provincial office, while eight other cities will conduct their audits [2] - The investigation is expected to conclude by the end of October, with a focus on standardizing and analyzing 45 items of vector and structured data related to forest and wetland resources [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of establishing a unified national carbon market as a significant measure for deepening ecological civilization reforms and promoting green and low-carbon development in China [1][2][3] Group 2 - Accelerating the improvement of the national carbon market is deemed essential for adapting to the new phase of ecological civilization construction, focusing on carbon reduction and promoting a comprehensive green transformation of the economy and society [2][3] - The carbon market is positioned as a critical tool for optimizing carbon emission rights allocation and responding to climate change through market mechanisms [2][4] Group 3 - The establishment of a national carbon market is expected to stimulate new momentum for green and low-carbon development by converting emission reduction pressures into economic growth opportunities [4][5] - The carbon market is anticipated to drive the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures, particularly in major emission sectors such as electricity, steel, and cement, which account for nearly 70% of national carbon emissions [4][5] Group 4 - The development of carbon finance is highlighted as an important financing mechanism for green and low-carbon projects, helping companies manage economic risks while enhancing the carbon market's price formation mechanism [5][6] Group 5 - The improvement of the national carbon market requires careful management of relationships between government and market, national and local pilot markets, and coordination among various departments [7][8]

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" provides a roadmap and timeline for the development of China's carbon market, aiming to enhance its effectiveness and international influence [1][2]. Group 1: National Carbon Market Development - The national carbon market has become the largest in the world in terms of emissions covered, with significant progress in establishing a voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market [1][2]. - The current stage of the national carbon market is still in its early development, with room for improvement in institutional frameworks, industry coverage, market functionality, and data quality management [2][3]. - Strengthening the national carbon market is essential for adapting to the new phase of ecological civilization construction, focusing on carbon reduction as a strategic direction [2][3]. Group 2: Policy and Reform Implications - The construction of the national carbon market is a critical aspect of deepening ecological civilization system reform, emphasizing the establishment of a dual control mechanism for energy consumption and carbon emissions [3][4]. - Enhancing the national carbon market reflects China's commitment to leading global climate governance, with its large market size significantly influencing global carbon pricing and trading mechanisms [3][4]. - The development of the carbon market is a complex system engineering task that requires a systematic approach, balancing market and government roles, and aligning long-term and short-term goals [4].

Group 1 - Ningbo has expanded its "Marine Partner" recycling program from 2 to 11 collection points, recovering over 1,600 tons of discarded fishing gear [1] - The city has implemented 47 ecological civilization reform measures since 2017, establishing notable initiatives such as the "Ecological Environment Discussion Hall" and "Zero Direct Discharge of Sewage Areas" [1] - In 2024, Ningbo's ecological quality index (EQI) is projected to be 67.67, surpassing the national average [2] Group 2 - Ningbo's air quality has improved significantly, with a good rate of 91.3% and PM2.5 concentration reduced from 54 µg/m³ in 2013 to 23 µg/m³ in 2024 [3] - The city has achieved a water quality good rate of 98.9% and a functional compliance rate of 100% in 2024, up from 40.6% and 39.1% in 2005 respectively [3] - Ningbo has established a comprehensive biodiversity observation network, becoming a model for biodiversity-friendly cities [4] Group 3 - The first national blue carbon auction took place in Ningbo, with a transaction value of over 300,000 yuan, highlighting the city's innovative approach to ecological product valuation [4] - By 2030, Ningbo aims to establish a modern environmental governance system and enhance the supply of high-quality ecological products [5]

Core Points - The Mineral Resources Law has been comprehensively revised to address new challenges in the mining sector and to promote sustainable development and ecological protection [1][11][17] Historical Context - The development of mining legislation in China began in the 1950s, with the introduction of the Interim Regulations on Mining, which encouraged private mining operations [2] - The 1986 Mineral Resources Law emphasized the protection and rational use of mineral resources, introducing legal norms across resource, ecology, and environment dimensions [3][4] - Subsequent reforms in the 1990s and 2000s focused on strengthening resource protection and establishing a legal framework for mining rights and responsibilities [4][5] Recent Developments - The new law reflects the principles of ecological civilization reform and aims to integrate market mechanisms with environmental protection [8][9] - It establishes a competitive bidding process for mining rights, moving away from administrative allocation to a market-oriented approach [13] - The law emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights of mining rights holders and introduces a "separation of rights" system to enhance legal clarity [15][14] Environmental Protection - The revised law promotes green mining practices and requires that mining activities minimize environmental impact [16] - It includes provisions for ecological restoration and mandates the use of advanced technologies to reduce ecological damage during mining operations [16] Implementation and Future Directions - The law aims to consolidate reform achievements and establish new behavioral norms for the mining industry [11][12] - It highlights the need for ongoing legislative efforts to adapt to evolving challenges in the mining sector and to support sustainable development goals [17]

Core Viewpoint - The Tianjin government is committed to enhancing ecological environment quality and promoting green development, aligning with national policies and strategies for sustainable growth [1][6]. Environmental Quality Improvement - The air quality in Tianjin has shown significant improvement, with PM2.5 annual average concentration at 38.1 micrograms per cubic meter, a decrease of 8% year-on-year. The number of good air quality days increased by 36 days to 268, while heavy pollution days decreased by 5 days to 3 [2]. - The proportion of good quality surface water at national control sections reached 52.8%, with no inferior V class water bodies. The nearshore water quality improved, with 72.6% classified as good, an increase of 1.7 percentage points year-on-year [2]. Collaborative Efforts in Environmental Protection - The government is focusing on collaborative ecological protection, including joint efforts in air pollution control and ecological compensation for upstream and downstream water quality management [3]. - Initiatives include signing agreements to combat environmental crimes and establishing mechanisms for nearshore water quality assurance [3]. Green and Low-Carbon Development - The city is actively reducing coal consumption, with a year-on-year decrease of 194.23 million tons. The infrastructure for renewable energy is expanding, with 52 new energy charging and hydrogen stations established [4]. - The carbon market has maintained a 100% compliance rate for nine consecutive years, with green electricity carbon reduction benefits exceeding 53 million yuan in the past two years [4]. Pollution Prevention and Control - In the blue sky campaign, 206 new enterprises achieved environmental performance ratings of A or B, doubling the previous year. The city also eliminated 66,000 old vehicles and introduced 3,872 new energy non-road mobile machinery [5]. - Water quality management includes targeted strategies for nitrogen control in rivers, with successful case studies in various districts [5]. Ecological Safety and Biodiversity - The government is implementing biodiversity protection strategies, creating multiple biodiversity experience sites, and achieving recognition for ecological initiatives [5]. - An emergency monitoring and early warning system is being enhanced, with a 100% collection rate for waste radioactive sources [5]. Environmental Governance System - The city is improving its environmental governance framework, including a tiered management system for construction projects and conducting extensive inspections of enterprises [6]. - Future plans include promoting coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and continuing efforts to improve ecological quality and achieve high standards in environmental goals [6].