当全球九成贸易依赖海运，这条蓝色动脉正面临前所未有的变革。从2050年净零排放目标到红海危机的供应链冲击，从数万亿美元的绿色转型投资到 数字化重构的行业底层逻辑——谁能在这场关乎全球经济命脉的变革中掌握航向? 适逢2025北外滩国际航运论坛五周年之际，本期东方卫视《两说》节目特别在论坛现场录制，聚焦"金融重塑全球航运"这一核心议题，通过对话三位 全球航运领军者，深入探讨行业在风险与韧性平衡中的发展路径。 节目中，第一财经主持人刘晔对话全球航运业三位重量级嘉宾：国际港口协会主席、德国汉堡港（HPA）首席执行官延斯·迈尔，地中海航运集团 （MSC）航运政策和政府关系高级副总裁玛丽卡罗琳·劳伦特，以及国际海上保险联盟（IUMI）主席弗雷德里克·德尼弗尔，展开一场关于"金融如何重塑全 球航运"的深度对话。 0 1 三位航运巨头的中国之行 延斯·迈尔，欧洲最大港口之一汉堡港的掌舵人，拥有超过30年推动港口绿色转型和数字化创新的丰富经验。在其领导下，汉堡港成为全球首批实现岸电 全覆盖的主要港口之一。 玛丽卡罗琳·劳伦，曾在欧洲议会担任高级顾问，现负责地中海航运集团全球航运政策与政府事务，涵盖环保法规、贸易等公共政策领域。 ...

Core Insights - The Hamburg Port Authority is actively engaging with Chinese port industry professionals to understand the latest trends in import and export as well as port development [1] - The port has reported a significant increase in container throughput, with a 9.3% year-on-year growth, reaching 4.2 million TEUs in the first half of the year [1][3] - Hamburg Port's collaboration with China, particularly through the establishment of "green shipping corridors," is seen as a crucial step towards decarbonization and sustainable development [5] Group 1: Container Throughput and Trade Relations - Hamburg Port's container throughput from Asia, especially from Malaysia, India, and China, has shown positive growth, with China contributing 1.2 million TEUs, a 10.5% increase year-on-year [3] - The port's overall throughput has benefited from strong trade relations with China, which remains its largest trading partner, while trade with the U.S. has declined by 19.3% due to tariff policies [3] Group 2: Green Initiatives and Future Prospects - The Hamburg Port is focusing on green transformation, including the development of shore power facilities and alternative fuel technologies, to enhance the resilience and efficiency of international transport networks [1][4] - The port aims to establish a comprehensive infrastructure to support trade corridors and promote decarbonization, aligning with the International Maritime Organization's goal of achieving net-zero emissions by around 2050 [5] - The EU's "Fit for 55" regulation is a significant driver for Hamburg Port's decarbonization efforts, aiming for a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels [5]

Core Points - The 2025 North Bund International Shipping Forum emphasizes the importance of sustainable development in the shipping industry and aims to enhance global shipping cooperation [1][6] - Shanghai aims to become a world-class shipping hub by leveraging technology and innovation, improving service levels, and promoting green transformation in the shipping sector [2][4] - The Chinese government is taking measures to address challenges posed by the U.S. regarding shipping and logistics, including imposing special port fees on U.S. vessels [3] Group 1: Forum Highlights - The forum features key speeches from Shanghai officials and international representatives, focusing on the development of a sustainable shipping industry [1][6] - The forum includes discussions on smart shipping, maritime safety, legal and financial insurance, and aims to foster international cooperation [6] Group 2: Shanghai's Strategic Goals - Shanghai is committed to building a modern shipping infrastructure and enhancing logistics efficiency through collaboration with the Yangtze River Delta [2][4] - The city plans to establish a green shipping corridor and improve the international shipping service network to support global trade [2][4] Group 3: Government Initiatives - The Chinese government is investigating the impact of U.S. policies on its shipping industry and is implementing measures to protect its maritime interests [3] - The forum also announced the International Green Shipping Corridor Cooperation Initiative, highlighting collaborative efforts in the shipping sector [5]

Core Viewpoint - The development of green methanol as a fuel for shipping is gaining momentum, with Shanghai positioning itself as a key hub for green fuel supply and infrastructure, aiming to meet international emissions reduction targets and enhance its role in global shipping [3][5][31]. Group 1: Green Methanol Development - The first methanol dual-fuel container ship, "COSCO Shipping Yangpu," has successfully refueled with 1,000 tons of domestically produced green methanol at Shanghai Yangshan Port, marking a significant step in establishing a complete domestic green methanol supply chain [1][6]. - The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has approved a framework for net-zero emissions in global shipping, requiring ships over 5,000 tons to reduce emissions in phases, aiming for net-zero by 2050 [3][4]. - Shanghai aims to establish a green fuel supply system by 2030, with plans for a green fuel refueling service center and a green fuel trading center [4][5]. Group 2: Infrastructure and Capacity - Shanghai Port has become one of the few ports globally capable of simultaneously providing green methanol and LNG refueling services, with a significant increase in methanol refueling operations in recent years [6][8]. - The port has received nine applications for methanol refueling from ocean-going vessels this year, with a total refueling volume exceeding 32,500 tons, a substantial increase from just over 500 tons last year [6][9]. - The domestic green methanol production capacity is projected to reach approximately 12 million tons by 2030, accounting for nearly 50% of the global market [9][12]. Group 3: Challenges and Solutions - The green fuel sector faces a "supply-demand dual challenge," where a lack of stable supply discourages investment from shipowners, while unclear demand prevents producers from expanding [10][19]. - The cost of green methanol production is currently high, with estimates suggesting a potential increase of 340% to 350% in fuel costs when transitioning from traditional low-sulfur fuel to green methanol [14][15]. - The industry is exploring solutions to reduce costs, such as optimizing production processes and establishing centralized biomass resource utilization [17][18]. Group 4: Collaborative Efforts and Future Outlook - Collaborative projects among state-owned enterprises and local companies are underway to build a comprehensive green methanol supply chain, covering production, transportation, and refueling [9][22]. - The establishment of green shipping corridors, such as the Shanghai-Los Angeles corridor, aims to facilitate the adoption of green fuels and reduce emissions along key trade routes [26][28]. - The growth of green fuel demand and the establishment of stable supply chains are expected to create new economic opportunities and reshape the energy landscape [31].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the significance of the Port of Los Angeles as the largest and busiest container port in the U.S., highlighting its crucial role in the local and global economy amidst increasing economic uncertainties [1][2][12] - The port achieved a throughput of 10.3 million TEUs in 2024, marking a 20% year-on-year increase, driven by strong U.S. economic performance and proactive inventory management in anticipation of potential tariff policies [1][2] - The port is also undergoing a green transformation, achieving its lowest pollution levels in 2024 since pollution quantification began, while providing numerous job opportunities locally [1][4] Economic Impact - The Port of Los Angeles, along with the Port of Long Beach, supports the logistics industry in Southern California, directly creating hundreds of thousands of jobs and contributing thousands of billions of dollars to the local economy annually [2][12] - Approximately 45% of the port's trade business comes from China, with over $200 billion worth of goods traded annually across the Pacific [2][10] - The collaboration between the Port of Shanghai and the Port of Los Angeles in establishing the "Green Shipping Corridor" reflects a commitment to sustainable economic cooperation [2][10] Environmental Initiatives - The port is a pioneer in emission reduction, with shipping emissions accounting for 60% of its total emissions. The implementation of shore power technology has been a significant step in this direction [3][4] - The port aims for zero emissions in operations by 2030 and for heavy-duty trucks by 2035, with initiatives like the Clean Air Action Plan leading to a 74% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions and a 91% reduction in diesel particulate matter [4][7] - The introduction of the first zero-emission container ship, the Maersk Aletta, signifies a milestone in the shipping industry's efforts to reduce climate impact [4][11] Digital Transformation - The Port of Los Angeles is advancing in digital transformation, utilizing automation and robotics to enhance operational efficiency, including a system that predicts cargo information 40 days in advance [6][8] - The port has invested in cybersecurity measures, successfully intercepting numerous cyber intrusion attempts, which is crucial for maintaining operational integrity [6][8] - Collaboration with private sector partners and government stakeholders is essential for leveraging digital technologies to drive growth and improve supply chain efficiency [8][12] Future Goals - The "Green Shipping Corridor" initiative aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a zero-carbon lifecycle container ship by 2030, representing a significant goal for both ports [10][11] - The partnership between the Port of Shanghai and the Port of Los Angeles is seen as a model for reducing pollution and enhancing trade efficiency, with the potential to significantly impact global shipping practices [11][12] - Continued cooperation between the U.S. and China is deemed vital for maintaining robust economic ties and addressing the challenges posed by evolving global trade policies [12][13]

Group 1: Forum Overview - The World Mayors Dialogue and the 2025 Shanghai International Friendly Cities Cooperation Forum took place in Shanghai from May 28 to 30, focusing on themes of "green, low-carbon, development, and innovation" [1] - Representatives from 26 friendly cities across 22 countries gathered to discuss topics such as green initiatives, low-carbon strategies, youth engagement, and innovation [1] Group 2: International Cooperation - Shanghai has established friendly relations with 95 cities in 59 countries, showcasing its global network and commitment to international collaboration [1] - The forum highlighted practical measures to enhance cooperation among international friendly cities, reflecting China's proactive role in promoting a community with a shared future for mankind [1] Group 3: Green Development Initiatives - Representatives from various cities, including Mexico City and Los Angeles, expressed interest in learning from China's experience in developing green and low-carbon vehicles [2] - The establishment of a green shipping corridor between Shanghai and Los Angeles was noted as a significant achievement in promoting sustainable shipping practices [2] Group 4: Youth Engagement and Innovation - The forum emphasized the importance of youth in shaping the future of cities, with discussions on initiatives to retain young talent and foster innovation [4] - Suggestions were made to form an "Innovation City Alliance" to develop low-carbon logistics infrastructure among key port cities [3] Group 5: Healthcare and Public Services - The forum showcased Shanghai's advancements in healthcare, including comprehensive community health services and the use of digital technology in medical management [6] - International representatives praised Shanghai's public service efficiency and its role as a model for global public service standards [7]

Core Viewpoint - The global shipping industry is undergoing a significant green transformation, with a focus on achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, driven by the need for sustainable practices and regulatory pressures [2][4]. Group 1: Industry Challenges and Goals - The shipping sector accounts for over 80% of international trade transport and is a major source of carbon emissions, necessitating urgent green transformation [1][2]. - Without effective emission reduction measures, carbon emissions from the shipping industry could increase by 50% to 250% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels [2]. - The European Union's carbon border adjustment mechanism has included shipping, indicating that future access to international shipping will require a green passport [2]. Group 2: Role of Ports in Green Transition - Ports are seen as active promoters of green shipping, not just passive gateways, by investing in infrastructure and adopting smart technologies [2][3]. - Ningbo-Zhoushan Port has become a pioneer in the green transition, implementing LNG refueling, shore power coverage, and exploring zero-carbon fuel applications [3][7]. - Major international shipping centers like Shanghai and Hong Kong are also taking significant steps towards green transformation, with specific targets for LNG and green fuel capabilities [2]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts and Innovations - Industry experts emphasize the need for collaboration across the sector, including policy guidance, technological breakthroughs, and capital mobilization [4][5]. - The establishment of a green technology innovation community is recommended to address challenges in hydrogen, ammonia fuels, and carbon capture technologies [5]. - The signing of agreements for green shipping corridors between Ningbo-Zhoushan Port and major European ports aims to enhance low-carbon cooperation and promote zero-emission shipping [6][7]. Group 4: Technological Advancements and Infrastructure - The development of a digital ecosystem and big data hubs is crucial for optimizing shipping operations and achieving resource efficiency [5][6]. - Ningbo-Zhoushan Port has achieved full shore power coverage for its berths and has implemented various green technologies, including the first LNG-diesel dual-fuel tugboat in China [7]. - The green shipping corridor model focuses on reducing emissions through collaboration among global ports, shipping companies, and governments [7].

Core Insights - The trade volume between China and Europe, particularly France, is showing positive growth signals despite global trade uncertainties [1][3] - HAROPA, the largest port group in France, is actively enhancing maritime trade cooperation with Chinese ports to attract investment [1][3] Trade Volume and Data - In the first four months of this year, the EU was China's second-largest trading partner, with a total trade value of 1.78 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1% [1] - China's exports to the EU reached 1.21 trillion yuan, marking a growth of 6.1% [1] HAROPA Port Overview - HAROPA is the largest port complex in France, formed by the merger of Le Havre, Rouen, and Paris ports in 2012, and is the fourth largest port in Europe [3] - The port is projected to handle over 100 million tons of container throughput in 2024, equivalent to 3.1 million TEUs, with steady growth [3] Strategic Advantages - HAROPA ports are located in France's largest consumer distribution area, covering a population of 200 million within a 200 km radius [3] - The direct shipping route from Ningbo to HAROPA is 2-8 days faster than routes from Rotterdam and Antwerp [3] Trade Relations with China - Cargo traffic between China and HAROPA accounts for nearly 30% of the port's total container transport [4] - In 2024, the cargo volume from China to HAROPA is expected to be 570,000 TEUs, with industrial products and machinery making up 61% of imports [5] Green Port Cooperation - HAROPA and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port signed a cooperation agreement focusing on multimodal transport, green logistics, and digital transformation [6] - The partnership aims to enhance collaboration in digitalization to shorten delivery times and shift more e-commerce shipments from air to sea transport [6] Environmental Initiatives - The focus on reducing carbon emissions in the shipping industry includes optimizing fuel use and exploring LNG applications [7] - HAROPA has established charging facilities for electric energy use while docked, promoting investment in green technologies [7]