不过，业内一些讨论认为，今年诺奖似乎"发早了"，因为实用超导量子计算机仍未落地；还有一些声音认为获奖人选不合理。本文作者将从 量子效应在宏观尺度的探索与发现，谈本次诺奖成就的意义并回答上述疑问。 本文来自微信公众号：返朴 （ID：fanpu2019），作者：无邪，头图来自：视觉中国 自量子力学诞生以来，关于量子世界与经典世界的边界在哪就一直是一个充满争议的问题。著名的"薛定谔的猫"思想实验，就是在思考这个 问题时提出来的。薛定谔的猫是一个比较极端的案例，它直接将量子力学的基本假定——波函数应用到日常生活可见可闻的宏观尺度，并得 出一个非常诡异的结论：在那个神秘的盒子里，有那么一只既死又活的猫！尽管物理上允许我们构造出一个测量，它的本征态是死猫与活猫 的叠加态，但现实世界似乎是存在禁忌的——我们只可能要么看到死猫，要么看到活猫。 很明显，将量子力学效应直接一步到位拉到宏观尺度会产生非常反直觉、违背常识的问题，所以接下来的问题是：如果我们确定量子力学无 法应用于我们日常可见的宏观尺度，那它到底在什么尺度上会失效呢？有这样一个明确的边界吗？有的话它在哪？如果没有，这中间又是如 何过渡的呢？ 物理学家一直在追寻这些问 ...

"量子系统是微观世界的规律，原子、分子都遵循量子力学的原理，但是能不能有看得见、摸得着的宏 观的量子效应，过去大家都不太清楚。"范桁说，1985年，John Clarke、Michel H. Devoret和John M. Martinis设计了一个超导器件，这个器件相对比较大，是肉眼可以看见的，在这种情况下很难有所谓的 量子效应，但他们在这个系统里观测到了量子效应，即他们首先在宏观可控的系统中发现了量子效应， 把量子器件从微观尺度突破到宏观尺度。" 新京报讯（记者张璐）北京时间10月7日下午5时45分，2025年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓。美国科学家John Clarke、Michel H. Devoret和John M. Martinis获奖，以表彰他们"发现了电路中的宏观量子力学隧穿效应 和能量量子化"。中国科学院物理研究所研究员范桁、北京量子院执行院长常凯接受新京报记者采访， 对获奖人所做出的贡献进行解读。专家表示，三位获奖人为超导量子计算做了一系列奠基性工作。 10月7日，瑞典皇家科学院宣布，三名科学家因在量子力学领域的贡献获2025年诺贝尔物理学奖。新华 社记者 彭子洋 摄 "他们的发现为基于超导约瑟夫森 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the launch of the "CCF-Guangdong Quantum Computing Special Cooperation Plan" by the China Computer Federation (CCF) in collaboration with Guandun Quantum, focusing on superconducting quantum computing research [1] - The plan aims to address cutting-edge issues in quantum computing, including hardware control, software compilation, algorithm design, and quantum-classical hybridization, through nine sub-topics and open selection topics [1] - The initiative is designed to provide a platform for innovative scholars to utilize quantum computing resources and explore the practical applications of quantum computing research [1]

Group 1 - The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global and Chinese superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerator market dynamics, competitive strategies, and forecasts for 2025 to 2031 [1][3] - It categorizes superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerators by product type and application, highlighting the growth trends in sales revenue from 2020 to 2031 [4][5] - The report discusses the current status, historical development, and future trends of the superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerator industry [4][6] Group 2 - Global supply and demand forecasts for superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerators from 2020 to 2031 are analyzed, including production capacity, output, and utilization rates [6][10] - The report details the sales volume and revenue trends across major regions, including North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and India [6][21] - It includes a market share analysis of leading manufacturers in the superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerator sector, along with their production capacities and sales performance from 2020 to 2025 [6][10] Group 3 - The report examines different product types and applications of superconducting quantum computing dilution refrigerators, providing insights into sales volume and revenue forecasts [6][19] - It analyzes the upstream raw materials and downstream market dynamics, including supply chain and customer analysis [10][19] - The report identifies key opportunities and driving factors for industry growth, as well as potential challenges and policy considerations [10][19]

Core Viewpoint - HeXin Instrument, a company listed on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board, reported a significant decline in revenue and net profit for the first half of 2025, alongside plans to acquire a controlling stake in Shanghai Liangxi Technology [2][4]. Financial Performance - Revenue for the first half of 2025 was approximately 52.82 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 48.88% from 103.32 million yuan [3]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was approximately -17.46 million yuan, a reduction in losses by 20.86% compared to -22.06 million yuan in the same period last year [3]. - The company's net assets increased slightly by 0.28% to approximately 385.35 million yuan, while total assets decreased by 5.60% to approximately 827.96 million yuan [3]. Business Environment - The company operates in the high-tech sector, focusing on the research, production, and sales of mass spectrometers, which are widely used in various fields such as environmental monitoring and food safety [4]. - The report indicated a significant decline in both revenue and costs, attributed to a slowdown in downstream investment and demand due to market adjustments [4][5]. Strategic Initiatives - HeXin Instrument is actively pursuing a major asset restructuring by planning to acquire a 56% stake in Shanghai Liangxi Technology for approximately 384 million yuan [6][7]. - The acquisition aims to enhance the company's core competitiveness and expand its product offerings in high-end scientific instruments, particularly in quantum computing applications [6][7]. Future Outlook - The company intends to leverage the acquisition to improve product performance and expand its market presence by integrating resources from both companies [7]. - Liangxi Technology, established in 2022, specializes in low-temperature measurement and control equipment, with applications in superconducting quantum computing and other advanced research fields [7].

Core Viewpoint - The first superconducting quantum computing measurement and control system designed for a thousand-bit scale, ez-Q Engine 2.0, has been officially delivered for use in China, marking a significant advancement in quantum computing technology [1][2]. Group 1: Product Development - The ez-Q Engine 2.0 was developed by Keda Guo Shield Quantum Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Telecom Quantum Group, in collaboration with other units, providing over 5,000 bits of measurement and control services [1]. - The system supports up to 128 data bits and 256 coupling bits in a single chassis, allowing for the control of a thousand-bit quantum computer with just eight units, significantly reducing costs compared to foreign products [1][2]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The new generation device has improved integration by approximately 10 times, with core components designed domestically, addressing challenges such as RF direct sampling output and large-scale clock synchronization [2]. - Enhanced measurement and control precision has been achieved, resulting in lower noise and stronger consistency in performance metrics [2]. Group 3: Application and Impact - The ez-Q Engine 1.0 was previously utilized in the "Zuchongzhi No. 2" quantum computer, and the new ez-Q Engine 2.0 is now involved in the research of the "Zuchongzhi No. 3" quantum computer, contributing to major scientific projects [2]. - The system has been delivered to nine research and industrial units, including the University of Science and Technology of China and China Telecom Quantum Group, and has been validated for stability and precision on the "Tianyan 504," the most bit-dense superconducting quantum computer in China [2].

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China announced that the Renminbi has become the fourth largest payment currency and the third largest trade investment currency globally, indicating its growing international monetary functions [1] - In 2024, the total amount of cross-border Renminbi payments in Shanghai is projected to reach 29.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30%, accounting for 47% of the national total [2] - The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has achieved a computing power scale of approximately 120,000 P, ranking first in the country, with over 90% being intelligent computing power [7] Group 2 - The China Securities Association is conducting research on the unified interface standard system construction for securities firms' core business systems, focusing on system architecture, interface specifications, and business challenges [6] - Fujitsu and RIKEN in Japan have developed a superconducting quantum computer with 256 quantum bits, quadrupling the computing power of the previous generation [5] - The Ministry of Water Resources has launched a three-year action plan for the construction and management of flood retention areas, aiming to complete the engineering tasks for 72 national flood retention areas by the end of 2027 [8] Group 3 - U.S. President Trump stated that tariffs on Chinese goods will "significantly decrease, but will not go to zero," reflecting ongoing discussions about trade relations between the two largest economies [4] - Storage suppliers have raised DRAM prices by 8% to 10% as OEM manufacturers increase inventory levels ahead of clearer tariff policies, while NAND Flash prices remain stable due to slowing demand [10]