2025年，中国科技创新活力持续迸发，创新版图不断拓展。从基础研究的新探索到关键技术的攻坚 突破，从产业创新的深度融合到惠民成果的广泛落地，中国在人工智能、量子信息、生命科学、清洁能 源等多个前沿领域捷报频传。 世界知识产权组织发布的《2025年全球创新指数报告》显示，中国创新指数首次跻身全球前 十，"深圳—香港—广州"创新集群跃居全球首位，24个集群进入全球百强创新集群。这些突破性进展不 仅为中国高质量发展注入强劲动能，提高了人民的生活品质，更向世界贡献了推动人类共同发展的中国 智慧和中国方案。 基础研究迈上新高度 2025年中国在基础科学领域的探索不断迈上新高度，多项成果刷新国际纪录、填补领域空白。 在粒子物理领域，位于广东江门地下700米深处的江门中微子实验（JUNO）于8月正式运行，11月 便发布首个物理成果，精准测出中微子振荡的2个关键参数，测量精度较此前国际最好水平提升1.5至1.8 倍。作为国际上首个建成的新一代超大规模、超高精度中微子实验装置，JUNO为解开中微子质量起源 等重大宇宙学问题提供了关键支撑。 在材料科学领域，中国科学院物理研究所张广宇团队凭借独创的"原子制造的范德华挤压技术"，在 ...

" 长征五号乙 " 运载火箭。资料图片 回望2025，中国科技创新在广袤天地间书写奋进篇章。科研视野向"四极"拓展，量子科技、月球研 究等领域涌现原创突破；科技创新与产业创新加速融合，人工智能、新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展；全球创 新指数排名中，我国升至第十位，夯实高水平科技自立自强的根基。 "十五五"规划建议中，46次提及"科技"，61次强调"创新"。本版推出"院士讲科普·年终特别报道"， 让我们在8位院士的答问中，回顾这一年科技创新的坚实脚步，打开面向未来的科学想象，共同奔赴科 技强国新征程。 ——编者 在以克计算的月壤里，能看见怎样的星辰大海 中国工程院院士 吴伟仁 于百万年人类史而言，现代自然科学的诞生与发展，只是历史之一瞬。不少科学知识都是从地球表 面观测自然现象演绎得来。深空探测一般指对月球及其以远的天体和空间开展的探测活动，已成为当今 世界最具挑战性和带动性的高科技领域之一。 2025年，在嫦娥六号取回的月球背面样品里，首次发现大型撞击事件成因的微米级赤铁矿和磁赤铁 矿晶体，揭示了全新的月球氧化反应机制，取得月球科学研究的重大突破；发射的天问二号探测器，将 在距地球远达4200万公里的空间，对一颗高速 ...

"顶天立地"书写科技自立自强新答卷 2025年8月，江门中微子实验正式运行取数，成为国际上首个运行的超高精度和超大规模中微子专用大 科学装置。图为江门中微子实验站的中央探测器（资料图）。视觉中国供图 神舟飞船划破夜空，人形机器人冲上跑道，青年科学家在"破五唯"的评价新风中潜心探索，国际大科学 计划里响起中国倡议。 2025年的中国科技创新，既是"十四五"改革攻坚的答卷，更是面向"十五五"蓝图的展望。从星辰大海到 微观粒子，从制度破壁到人才奔涌，一幅以"自立自强"为底色的画卷正在展开。 今年11月，《国家航天局推进商业航天高质量安全发展行动计划（2025-2027年）》印发，明确5方面22 项重点举措，推进商业航天高质量发展和高水平安全。其中明确，"鼓励商业航天布局航天产业链相应 环节""重点支持商业航天主体开发新技术、新产品，挖掘应用新场景"等。展望"十五五"，中国商业航 天全产业链正在逐渐形成，迎来自己的发展机遇。 2025年的中国航天，继续在星辰大海的征途上留下浓墨重彩的印记。 当前，我国载人航天工程已进入空间站应用与发展阶段。作为人类在太空仅有的两个空间站之一， 在"十四五"期间全面建成的中国空间站实现 ...

入选的2025年国内十大科技新闻分别是：国产人工智能大模型DeepSeek引发全球关注；中国"人造 太阳"创造"亿度千秒"世界纪录；超导量子计算原型机"祖冲之三号"成功构建；国际上首次制备大面积 二维金属材料；我国首例侵入式脑机接口临床试验开展；月球背面演化历史首次揭开；单个体细 胞"变"完整植株奥秘揭示；高精度可扩展模拟矩阵计算芯片研制成功；四中全会《建议》突出科技创新 引领作用；我国第一艘电磁弹射型航空母舰入列。 科技日报北京12月24日电 （记者陆成宽）24日，由科技日报社主办、部分两院院士和媒体负责人 共同评选的2025年国内、国际十大科技新闻揭晓。 入选的2025年国际十大科技新闻分别是："深度求索"引领开源人工智能模式；脑机接口将脑活动解 码为连续语句；人工智能"从零开始"设计蛋白酶；光子计算芯片性能超越传统电子硬件；鲁宾天文台发 布宇宙摄影"首作"；智能机器人自主完成胆囊切除手术；新算法取得首个可验证量子优势；引力波信号 验证霍金黑洞面积定理；地球达到首个灾难性气候临界点；跨物种哺乳动物脑细胞发育图绘成。 ...

Group 1: Artificial Intelligence Developments - The Chinese AI company DeepSeek launched the open-source model DeepSeek-R1, which has gained global attention due to its low training costs and high performance in tasks like mathematical reasoning and code generation [2] - DeepSeek-R1's core competitiveness lies in its systematic innovation in computational efficiency, achieving top-tier reasoning capabilities without the need for massive labeled data [2][3] - The model's open-source approach aims to break technological monopolies, allowing developers worldwide to participate in its ecosystem [2] Group 2: Nuclear Fusion Research - China's "artificial sun," the EAST device, achieved a world record by maintaining a plasma temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 1000 seconds, marking a significant step towards practical nuclear fusion [4] - The high-confinement operation mode is crucial for future fusion reactors, indicating that the experiment has successfully simulated the necessary conditions for sustained fusion [4] Group 3: Quantum Computing Advancements - The "Zu Chongzhi No. 3" superconducting quantum computing prototype was developed, demonstrating a computational speed that surpasses the fastest supercomputers by trillions of times [5][6] - This prototype achieved the highest level of quantum computing superiority, showcasing its potential for various applications in quantum error correction and simulation [6] Group 4: Material Science Innovations - A research team successfully created large-area two-dimensional metallic materials, marking a significant advancement in the field of material science [7] - This breakthrough allows for the production of ultra-thin metals, potentially opening new avenues for research in two-dimensional materials [7] Group 5: Brain-Computer Interface Trials - China initiated its first invasive brain-computer interface clinical trial, positioning itself as the second country globally to enter this phase of technology [8][9] - The trial utilizes flexible neural electrodes that minimize damage to brain tissue, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of the procedure [8] Group 6: Lunar Exploration Findings - The Chang'e 6 mission revealed the evolutionary history of the moon's far side, providing insights into volcanic activity and the moon's magnetic field [11][12] - This research fills a significant gap in lunar studies, highlighting the moon's geological history and the impact of large-scale collisions on its evolution [11][12] Group 7: Agricultural Biotechnology Breakthroughs - A research team unveiled the molecular mechanisms behind how a single plant cell can develop into a complete plant, addressing a long-standing scientific challenge [13] - This discovery could pave the way for advancements in agricultural biotechnology, particularly in overcoming regeneration bottlenecks [13] Group 8: Computing Architecture Innovations - Researchers developed a high-precision, scalable analog matrix computing chip, achieving precision comparable to digital computing systems [14][15] - This innovation addresses the challenges of computational efficiency in AI and 6G communications, marking a significant breakthrough in computing paradigms [15] Group 9: National Strategic Initiatives - The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the role of technological innovation in driving economic development in its 14th Five-Year Plan [16][17] - The plan outlines specific strategies to enhance original innovation and integrate technological advancements with industrial development [16][17] Group 10: Military Advancements - China's first electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier, the Fujian, was commissioned, representing a leap in naval technology with its advanced launch capabilities [18] - This carrier enhances operational capabilities and signifies a transition to a new era in the Chinese navy, showcasing advancements in military technology [18]

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the strategic layout of future industries, marking a shift from planning to actionable strategies for economic growth [3][5][7] - The plan identifies six key areas: quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communication, which are expected to drive new economic growth [5][9][19] Group 1: Future Industries - The "15th Five-Year Plan" introduces the concept of future industries as new economic growth points, indicating a significant transition in strategic focus [3][5] - Future industries are expected to create new demands through innovative supply, integrating with new consumption patterns and business models [7][9] - The development of future industries is crucial for maintaining competitiveness in the global technology landscape [9][21] Group 2: Strategic Implementation - The plan outlines a comprehensive approach to explore diverse technological routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulatory frameworks [13][15][19] - Emphasis is placed on the importance of application scenarios to translate technological advancements into practical solutions [15][17] - The establishment of market regulatory rules aims to support the development of future industries while ensuring a conducive environment for investment [19][21] Group 3: Economic Impact - The anticipated growth in future industries could potentially recreate several high-tech industries within the next decade, significantly impacting the economic structure [9][11] - The successful implementation of the plan is expected to enhance the quality of life through advancements in energy, transportation, and communication technologies [21][23][24] - The integration of advanced technologies into daily life is projected to redefine personal experiences and societal interactions [21][22][24]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of future industries driven by cutting-edge technologies, which are in the early stages of development and have significant strategic, leading, disruptive, and uncertain characteristics [1]. Government Initiatives - The Chinese government has issued multiple guiding documents to promote the development of future industries, focusing on six key areas: future manufacturing, future information, future materials, future energy, future space, and future health [2]. - The 2024 and 2025 State Council work reports highlight the need to cultivate emerging and future industries, including quantum technology and life sciences, and to establish growth mechanisms for future industry investments [2]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan emphasizes the exploration of diverse technology routes and typical application scenarios to drive new economic growth points in various future industries [2]. Industry Developments Quantum Technology - Quantum technology integrates principles of quantum mechanics with various scientific fields, aiming to revolutionize information processing and transmission [5]. - Significant advancements include the development of the "Zuchongzhi III" superconducting quantum computing prototype, which set new global records in quantum computing capabilities [6]. - By 2025, China is expected to lead in quantum computing, transitioning from "catching up" to "leading" in the field [7]. Biomanufacturing - Biomanufacturing utilizes biological processes for material processing and conversion, with applications in pharmaceuticals, new materials, and renewable energy [8]. - China has become the largest exporter of key enzyme preparations and gene components, holding a 29% share of the global market [9]. - The industry is characterized by the integration of AI in research and production, accelerating innovation and improving production efficiency [10]. Hydrogen and Nuclear Fusion Energy - Hydrogen energy is recognized as a crucial component of global energy transition, with China being the largest hydrogen producer [11]. - Major projects include the world's largest green hydrogen base and advancements in nuclear fusion technology, with significant milestones achieved in plasma control and fusion energy development [12][13]. Brain-Computer Interfaces - Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are emerging as transformative technologies, with successful trials and clinical applications in various fields [14][15]. - The development of both invasive and non-invasive BCIs is progressing rapidly, with applications in medical rehabilitation and research [18]. Embodied Intelligence - The embodied intelligence sector is witnessing rapid growth, particularly in robotics, with advancements in AI and sensor technologies [19][20]. - 2025 is seen as a pivotal year for humanoid robots transitioning from prototypes to mass production, with applications in various industries [21]. Sixth Generation Mobile Communication - The sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technology is expected to enhance performance metrics significantly compared to 5G, with various breakthroughs achieved in key technologies [22][23]. - Standardization efforts for 6G are underway in China, with commercial deployment anticipated around 2030 [23][24].

Core Insights - The "2025 China Digital Economy Development and Legal Construction Forum" was held in Beijing, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence and the digital economy [1][3] - Ten major influential events related to the development of China's digital economy and legal framework were announced, including significant legislative and technological advancements [3] Group 1: Major Influential Events - The State Council issued opinions on the implementation of "Artificial Intelligence+" actions [3] - The National People's Congress passed amendments to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law [3] - The State Council published the Government Data Sharing Regulations [3] - The release of the DeepSeek open-source model [3] - The advancement of the HarmonyOS ecosystem [3] - The superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zu Chongzhi No. 3" set a new record [3] - China leads the world in the number of artificial intelligence patent applications [3] - The Supreme People's Court released guiding cases on data rights judicial protection [3] - The Shanghai "AI Face Swap" copyright infringement case was included in the Supreme People's Court's typical intellectual property cases [3] - The 78th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on strengthening international cooperation in artificial intelligence capacity building proposed by China [3] Group 2: Forum Themes and Objectives - The forum emphasized the theme of "New Forms of Intelligent Economy and Intelligent Society," aligning with the spirit of the 20th National Congress and subsequent plenary sessions [3][4] - The importance of legal frameworks in ensuring the sustainable and stable development of intelligent economies and societies was highlighted [4] - The need for proactive empowerment and improvement of legal systems, policies, and ethical standards in response to rapid advancements in artificial intelligence was stressed [5]

Core Insights - The National Development and Reform Commission emphasizes the development of emerging pillar industries, including quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy, nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and 6G technology as new economic growth points [1] Quantum Technology - Hefei, Beijing, and Shanghai form the "first tier" in quantum technology, leading in enterprise and patent applications [2] - Hefei ranks first in China's quantum industry and second globally, with significant achievements in quantum computing [2] - Beijing focuses on foundational technology breakthroughs, while Shanghai specializes in neutral atom quantum computing [3] Biomanufacturing - Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Tianjin are the top four cities in biomanufacturing competitiveness [4] - Shanghai's biomanufacturing industry is projected to exceed 1 trillion yuan by 2025, focusing on synthetic biology and cell therapy [5] - Shenzhen has established a national biomanufacturing innovation center, attracting a significant number of new enterprises [6] Hydrogen and Nuclear Fusion Energy - Beijing and Shanghai lead in hydrogen and nuclear fusion energy development, with various cities forming differentiated layouts [7] - Beijing plans to establish a comprehensive hydrogen energy infrastructure and has made breakthroughs in hydrogen fuel cell catalysts [8] - Shanghai aims to develop a leading hydrogen energy industry by 2035, with significant advancements in fuel cell vehicles [8] Brain-Computer Interfaces - Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen are the leaders in the brain-computer interface market, which is expected to grow significantly by 2027 [9] - Shanghai has initiated a comprehensive layout for brain-computer interface technology, while Beijing focuses on non-invasive applications [10] Embodied Intelligence - Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Hangzhou are leading in the embodied intelligence sector, particularly in humanoid robotics [12] - Beijing has established a humanoid robot innovation center, while Shenzhen is a manufacturing hub with a significant number of related enterprises [12][13] 6G Technology - Beijing, Shenzhen, Nanjing, and Shanghai are collaborating to establish a future network through 6G technology [14] - Beijing is a core hub for 6G standard formulation, while Shenzhen has a complete communication industry chain [15] - Nanjing has made breakthroughs in 6G terahertz frequency, aiming to become a 6G city with significant industrial output [16]

Core Insights - The launch of the domestic commercial operating system based on Linux 6.6, named Galaxy Kirin V11, enhances the security, intelligence, and usability of Chinese operating systems [1] - The opening of the first commercial line of anti-resonance hollow-core optical fiber in Guangdong establishes a low-latency "information expressway" for cross-border financial services between Shenzhen and Hong Kong [1] - The development of 5G networks and rural e-commerce has transformed mobile phones into essential tools for agriculture, with data becoming a new agricultural resource and live streaming emerging as a new agricultural activity [1] Digital Economy Development - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has made significant strides in digitalization, networking, and intelligence, leading to a robust digital economy [1][9] - The digital economy's core industry value added accounted for approximately 10% of GDP in 2024, with emerging business revenues, including cloud computing and big data, reaching 434.8 billion yuan, a 10.6% increase from the previous year [9][10] - The number of data enterprises in China exceeded 400,000 in 2024, with the data industry scale reaching 5.86 trillion yuan, reflecting a 117% growth compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [10] Technological Breakthroughs - The release of the superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi No. 3" demonstrates a processing speed 10^15 times faster than the fastest supercomputer, marking a significant achievement in quantum computing [2][3] - China has become the second country globally to conduct clinical trials for invasive brain-machine interface technology, indicating advancements in this field [2] Infrastructure Development - The construction of digital infrastructure has accelerated, with 5G base stations increasing fivefold to 4.55 million by mid-2025, and gigabit broadband users growing 34 times to 226 million [7][8] - The "East Data West Computing" initiative has concentrated computing power in key national nodes, with over 60% of new computing power being added in these areas [8] Industry Integration - The integration of digital technology with the real economy has deepened, with over 10,000 smart factories established, covering more than 80% of manufacturing sectors [9] - The software revenue in China grew by 80% by the end of 2024 compared to 2020, and the added value of the electronic information manufacturing industry increased by over 70% [9]