Group 1 - The report highlights opportunities in long-term urban investment bonds, particularly in regions supported by new policy financial tools, which are expected to enhance local economic development and project financing [2][9][12] - Specific regions such as Wenzhou Yongjia County, Nanning, and Changji Prefecture are identified as key areas for investment due to their potential to stabilize employment and attract bank loans and social capital [2][23] - The report emphasizes the importance of addressing hidden debts and overdue payments in local governments, particularly in cities like Jilin City, which are expected to receive special bonds for project construction [2][24] Group 2 - The report notes that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, certain areas are expected to become focal points for national strategic industries, including logistics hubs and computing power centers, which will receive significant government support [3][10][19] - Cities such as Xining, Qingyang, and Karamay are highlighted for their potential to form industrial clusters and attract investment in long-term bonds due to their strategic importance in future industries [3][25] - The widening credit spreads for urban investment bonds with maturities over five years are noted, suggesting a potential investment opportunity in specific bonds from regions mentioned [3][25] Group 3 - The report discusses the recent recovery in the bond market, with a general decline in yields, particularly in credit bonds, which have seen a more significant drop compared to government bonds [4][5] - It suggests that short- to medium-term credit bonds may offer better value as safe-haven assets in the current uncertain market environment [4][5] - The report recommends focusing on high-grade urban investment bonds as core assets, particularly those with a maturity of 2 years or less, while also considering opportunities in the primary market [5][4]

Core Insights - Japan's 30-year government bond yield decreased by 1.5 basis points to 3.105% [1] - Japan's 40-year government bond yield fell by 1.5 basis points to 3.405% [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core View of the Report - Despite the escalation of Sino-US trade frictions last week, the export data in September remained strong. The inflation in September rebounded year-on-year, the total financial data continued to be under pressure, and coupled with the sharp decline of A-shares, the bond market oscillated and recovered, and ultra-long bonds rebounded from the bottom. The trading activity of ultra-long bonds increased slightly last week, and the trading was very active. The term spread of ultra-long bonds narrowed, and the variety spread widened. It is expected that the 30-10 spread will compress periodically, and the variety spread of 20-year China Development Bank bonds will also compress again in the short term [1][3][10]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Weekly Review - **Ultra-long Bond Review**: Last week, Sino-US trade frictions escalated, but the export data in September was still strong. The inflation in September rebounded year-on-year, the total financial data continued to be under pressure, and coupled with the sharp decline of A-shares, the bond market oscillated and recovered, and ultra-long bonds rebounded from the bottom. The trading activity of ultra-long bonds increased slightly, and the trading was very active. The term spread of ultra-long bonds narrowed, and the variety spread widened [1][10]. - **Ultra-long Bond Investment Outlook**: - **30-year Treasury Bonds**: As of October 17, the spread between 30-year and 10-year Treasury bonds was 38BP, at a historically low level. Considering the weak economy and the possible continuous loosening of monetary policy, it is expected that the 30-10 spread will compress periodically as the bond market rebounds [2][11]. - **20-year China Development Bank Bonds**: As of October 17, the spread between 20-year China Development Bank bonds and 20-year Treasury bonds was 10BP, at a historically extremely low position. It is expected that the bond market will continue to rebound, and the variety spread of 20-year China Development Bank bonds is expected to compress again in the short term [3][12]. Ultra-long Bond Basic Overview - The balance of outstanding ultra-long bonds is 23.7 trillion. As of September 30, 2025, the total ultra-long bonds with a remaining term of more than 14 years were 23.7802 trillion (excluding asset-backed securities and project revenue notes), accounting for 15.0% of the total bond balance. Local government bonds and Treasury bonds are the main varieties of ultra-long bonds. In terms of remaining term, the 30-year variety has the highest proportion [13]. Primary Market - **Weekly Issuance**: Last week (October 12 - October 17, 2025), the issuance of ultra-long bonds increased slowly. A total of 577 billion yuan of ultra-long bonds were issued, with a slight increase in the total issuance compared with the week before last. In terms of variety, 400 billion yuan of Treasury bonds and 177 billion yuan of local government bonds were issued. In terms of term, 13 billion yuan with a term of 15 years, 504 billion yuan with a term of 20 years, and 61 billion yuan with a term of 30 years were issued [20]. - **This Week's Planned Issuance**: The announced ultra-long bond issuance plan for this week totals 118.1 billion yuan, all of which are ultra-long local government bonds [26]. Secondary Market - **Trading Volume**: Last week, the trading of ultra-long bonds was very active. The trading volume of ultra-long bonds was 1.0792 trillion yuan, accounting for 11.8% of the total bond trading volume. The trading activity of ultra-long bonds increased slightly. Compared with the week before last, the trading volume of ultra-long bonds increased by 833.9 billion yuan, and the proportion increased by 0.3% [29][30]. - **Yield**: Last week, Sino-US trade frictions escalated, but the export data in September was still strong. The inflation in September rebounded year-on-year, the total financial data continued to be under pressure, and coupled with the sharp decline of A-shares, the bond market oscillated and recovered, and ultra-long bonds rebounded from the bottom. The yields of Treasury bonds, China Development Bank bonds, local bonds, and railway bonds of different terms changed to varying degrees [37]. - **Spread Analysis**: - **Term Spread**: Last week, the term spread of ultra-long bonds narrowed, and the absolute level was low. The spread between 30-year and 10-year Treasury bonds was 38BP, 4BP lower than the week before last, at the 19% quantile since 2010 [46]. - **Variety Spread**: Last week, the variety spread of ultra-long bonds widened, and the absolute level was low. The spreads between 20-year China Development Bank bonds and Treasury bonds and between 20-year railway bonds and Treasury bonds were 10BP and 15BP respectively, with changes of 2BP and 0BP compared with the week before last, at the 10% and 13% quantiles since 2010 [52]. 30-year Treasury Bond Futures - Last week, the main contract of 30-year Treasury bond futures, TL2512, closed at 115.87 yuan, an increase of 1.67%. The total trading volume of 30-year Treasury bond futures was 721,900 lots (197,094 lots), and the open interest was 185,000 lots (11,589 lots). The trading volume and open interest increased significantly compared with the week before last [56].

Core Viewpoint - China has significantly reduced its holdings of US Treasury bonds, selling $25.7 billion in July, bringing its total holdings down to $730.7 billion, the lowest level since 2009, indicating a strategic shift in asset management and a response to systemic risks in the US economy [1][5][15]. Group 1: Economic Conditions - The US economy is facing severe challenges, with GDP growth slowing and structural unemployment issues worsening, particularly among youth [3]. - The federal government debt has surpassed $37 trillion, with annual interest payments exceeding $1 trillion, raising concerns about the sustainability of US fiscal policy [3][18]. - The perception of US Treasury bonds as a "safe haven" is deteriorating due to persistent fiscal deficits and political polarization [3][13]. Group 2: China's Strategic Adjustments - China's reduction of US Treasury holdings is a proactive measure to restructure its asset safety boundaries, moving funds from high-risk dollar assets to more resilient forms of reserves, such as gold [5][15]. - The People's Bank of China has been increasing its gold reserves for ten consecutive months, reflecting a strategic pivot towards assets that are less susceptible to geopolitical risks [5][20]. - China's actions are part of a broader trend among countries to diversify away from the dollar, with many nations adjusting their foreign exchange reserve structures [5][15]. Group 3: Global Financial Dynamics - The reliance on the dollar system is increasingly viewed as a risk, prompting countries to seek alternatives and reduce their dependence on US financial instruments [7][15]. - The US is pressuring allies like Japan and the UK to absorb more US debt, despite their own concerns about the risks associated with holding such assets [8][11]. - The structural imbalance in the US fiscal system, characterized by a reliance on borrowing and increasing deficits, is leading to a potential crisis in the Treasury market [11][13]. Group 4: Future Implications - The trend of reducing US Treasury holdings and increasing gold reserves is likely to continue, as countries aim to build a more resilient financial defense system [18][20]. - China's approach is not about confrontation but rather about ensuring economic stability and security in a changing global landscape [18][23]. - The ongoing adjustments in global asset allocation will reshape the financial order, with a gradual move towards a multipolar currency system [15][20].

固收每周观察｜结构性修复能持续多久？20251019 摘要 四季度债市或呈"前不弱后不强"格局，10 月至 11 月初结构性行情或 持续，但 12 月存在下跌风险。当前利率中枢修复有限，10 年期国债在 1.6-1.75%窄幅震荡，信用债修复主要集中在二永债。 短期利率修复逻辑包括权益市场偏弱、资金面宽松及前期利差过厚。长 期逻辑依赖银行实质定价能力和成本控制，但当前存单利率维持高位， 限制了短端利率下行空间，结构性行情或难无限延续。 KPI 考核影响显著，券商、农商行年底或兑现浮盈，银行配置债券需求 可能降低。债市对权益市场敏感度下降，只要权益市场稳定，债市即有 利好。 结构性行情可持续但难以扩散，建议交易性思维操作流动性好、利差厚 的债券。关注实债收益率高于实债利率的投资标的。 信用债市场呈现超跌修复行情，二永债抗跌性较好。关注基金赎回压力、 银行理财负债端稳定性及信用 ETF 扩容发行等因素。 转债估值压缩，短期进入弱势状态，但长期来看，高溢价率时跟涨能力 强。关注规模较大、剩余期限较短转债的强赎风险。 海外风险对 A 股影响有限，国内政策预期带来支撑。行业配置建议均衡 布局，看好自主可控的科技成长行业 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the report industry investment rating is provided in the given content. 2. Core Views of the Report - Short - term, the convertible bond market experiences a shift from high - risk to low - risk sectors due to style rotation, mainly driven by risk - aversion sentiment after sudden events. Long - term, the trading momentum of the convertible bond market remains strong, and the current period may be a good time for investors to optimize their portfolio structures [1][2]. - After a phased adjustment, the technology sector becomes more cost - effective. It is expected that a temporary agreement will be reached before the tariff implementation on November 1st. After the major meeting later this month, there may be a new round of domestic growth - stabilizing policies, and the convertible bond market may have pulse - type opportunities with a potential continuation of the slow - bull market. If the macro - narrative changes, combined with better - than - expected quarterly revenues and continuous catalysis from theme industries, the technology sector may regain market focus and show more elasticity [2][14]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 1. Convertible Bond Weekly Thinking - The convertible bond market shows a high - to - low shift in style rotation, mainly due to risk - aversion sentiment caused by unexpected tariff disturbances. Since October, the convertible bond market has undergone a structural adjustment, similar to the equity market in sector rotation. Short - term funds show obvious risk - aversion, and dividend - related sectors perform well. From October, the Wind Convertible Bond Weighted Index declined by 1.83%, with a more restrained adjustment compared to April. The style shifted from growth to defensive sectors like dividends, and the anti - decline property of convertible bonds is significant. In terms of industries, the Wind Convertible Bond Financial Index and Energy Index recorded 1.07% and 1.77% respectively since October, outperforming the Information Technology (-4.15%) and Consumption (-4.58%) indices [7]. - In terms of trading, the convertible bond market remains resilient, and there are still opportunities for structural market trends. This year, the convertible bond market has performed well, with the CSI Convertible Bond Index rising by 14.39% since 2025. However, in a high - valuation environment, the market is more sensitive to macro - environment changes, and the volatility of the technology growth sector and related products has increased significantly. In the short - term, due to a wait - and - see attitude, there is room for market adjustment, leading to a continuous correction of high - valuation products. Although the price center of convertible bonds has been fluctuating recently, except for high - price convertible bonds, the median price and the balance - weighted average price of the convertible bond market remain at the mid - September level. Except for the consumption sector, the overall turnover rate and trading volume of most industries are still above the 80th percentile of historical data. Long - term, the trading momentum of the convertible bond market remains, and it may be a good time for investors to optimize their portfolio structures. The defensive property of convertible bonds is still attractive [2][8]. 3.2 2. Convertible Bond Market Tracking 2.1 Convertible Bond Market Conditions - The performance of different convertible bond indices varies. For example, the Wind Convertible Bond Energy Index has different changes in different time periods: -0.06% in the recent week, 1.77% in the recent two weeks, etc. The Wind Convertible Bond Information Technology Index declined by 3.51% in the recent week and 4.15% in the recent two weeks [15]. 2.2 Convertible Bond Individual Securities No specific content about convertible bond individual securities is provided other than the mention of relevant charts (Figures 6 and 7 showing the top ten and bottom ten individual securities in terms of price changes in the recent week) [18]. 2.3 Convertible Bond Valuation No specific analysis content about convertible bond valuation is provided, but there are relevant charts (Figures 8 - 11) showing the valuation trends of bond - type, balanced, equity - type convertible bonds and the conversion premium rate valuation trends of convertible bonds with different parities [23][25]. 2.4 Convertible Bond Prices No specific analysis content about convertible bond prices is provided, but there are relevant charts (Figures 12 - 13) showing the proportion trend of high - price bonds and the median price of convertible bonds [30].

Group 1 - The bond market has recently shown signs of a mild rebound, driven by improved market sentiment due to trade tensions and a cooling equity market [2][7] - The rebound is attributed to three main factors: sufficient emotional clearance, stable funding conditions, and a return of easing expectations [5][18] - The "bond market micro trading thermometer" indicated a low reading of below the 30% percentile on October 10, suggesting that negative market sentiment has been largely priced in [3][10] Group 2 - Funding rates have remained stable, providing a "anchor point" for the bond market, which has historically limited the extent of bond yield increases during stable funding periods [4][11] - The cumulative increase in the 10-year government bond yield from July to September was at a historically high level during stable funding conditions, indicating a potential constraint on further increases [11][12] - Recent trade tensions have led to a mild recovery in expectations for monetary policy easing, as reflected in the decline of the one-year FR007 swap spread from +7bp to -3bp [5][18] Group 3 - The report anticipates a downward potential of around 10bp for the 10-year government bond yield, with a lower limit potentially testing 1.70% [5][18] - Despite the rebound, inflation lag and the trend of social financing rebound remain, indicating that the bond market opportunities should be approached with a rebound mindset [5][18] - The market's emotional structure is conducive to technical recovery, as the recent changes in sentiment and funding conditions create a favorable environment for bond market performance [3][4][10]

Local Government Bonds - The new transfer limit of 500 billion yuan for local government bonds has two main features: expanded funding usage and a total transfer amount that remains the same as last year at 500 billion yuan[1][12]. - In Q3 2025, local government bond issuance reached a peak of 30,430 billion yuan, but net financing decreased to 17,385 billion yuan due to a significant increase in maturing bonds[2][21]. - Despite the new 500 billion yuan transfer limit, the net financing pressure for local government bonds in Q4 is manageable, estimated at around 1.3 trillion yuan, a decrease of approximately 4,385 billion yuan from the previous quarter[2][25]. National Bonds - In Q3 2025, national bonds saw a record net issuance of 20,192 billion yuan, an increase of 1,766 billion yuan year-on-year, and 1,071 billion yuan from the previous quarter[3][32]. - The remaining net financing for national bonds in Q4 is projected at 12,600 billion yuan, which is a year-on-year increase of about 1,712 billion yuan but a quarter-on-quarter decrease of approximately 7,592 billion yuan[3][38]. Policy Financial Bonds - The net issuance of policy financial bonds in Q3 2025 was 7,602 billion yuan, showing significant growth compared to previous years, particularly in August when it reached 3,924 billion yuan[4][43]. - For Q4, the net financing scale of policy financial bonds may exceed seasonal norms, potentially reaching 6,800 billion yuan, which is an increase of about 1,704 billion yuan compared to the average from 2020 to 2024[6][48].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market is still "widely bearish," but it is likely to be a bull market. The upper limit of bond market interest rates is clear. The 10 - year Treasury bond rate above 1.8% has absolute value, and the downward space of bond market interest rates is at least 20bp. There are opportunities for the narrowing of the spreads of ultra - long bonds and variety spreads [2]. - The logic of the upper limit of interest rates comes from the weak fundamentals, asset shortage, and the need to cooperate with fiscal policies. The large - scale purchase of 7 - 10y Treasury bonds by large banks in mid - September may reflect the policy intention of maintaining stability in the bond market [2][8]. - Regarding the lower limit of interest rates, the report is firmly bullish. The 1.7% is not an important resistance level. Interest rates are expected to reach new lows under the influence of factors such as the central bank's possible restart of Treasury bond trading, regulatory policies being less than expected, and cross - year allocation [11][12]. - The term spreads in the bond market since 2024 have generally widened, different from the previous narrowing trend. In the future, with the improvement of market sentiment, there will be opportunities for spread compression. The impact of the 500 billion yuan local government debt limit on the bond market is expected to be limited in the short term [3]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Is It a Sideways Market or a Bull Market? - There are still significant differences in the market. The short - term view of most investors is that the downward space of interest rates is limited. The lower limit of the 10 - year Treasury bond active bond rate may be 1.7%, and the upper limit is around the previous high of 1.83% [7]. - The long - term view believes that short - term Sino - US trade frictions are beneficial, and the negative factors in the third quarter are weakening. The short - term view believes that Sino - US relations may improve, the stock market is still strong, and regulatory policies will affect the bond market [7]. - The upper limit of interest rates: The 10 - year Treasury bond above 1.8% and the 30 - year Treasury bond above 2.1% have absolute allocation value. The upper limit comes from the weak fundamentals, asset shortage, and the large - scale purchase of 7 - 10y Treasury bonds by large banks in mid - September, which may be a manifestation of the central bank's intention to maintain stability in the bond market and cooperate with fiscal policies [8]. - The lower limit of interest rates: The report is firmly bullish. The 1.7% is not an important resistance level. Interest rates are expected to reach new lows under the influence of factors such as the central bank's possible restart of Treasury bond trading, regulatory policies being less than expected, and cross - year allocation. In extreme cases, the 10 - year Treasury bond rate can refer to the pricing at the beginning of this year plus points, that is, OMO + 10bp [11][12]. 3.2 How to View Spreads in a Sideways Market? - By tracing the sideways markets since 2022 with the 10 - year Treasury bond yield as the standard, 7 time periods are sorted out. Since 2024, the term spreads in the sideways market have generally widened, mainly because the bond bull market since 2024 is usually accompanied by supply pressure or the central bank's attention to long - term interest rates, making the mid - short end relatively safer and more certain [19][24]. - In terms of variety spreads, the spread between policy - financial bonds and Treasury bonds usually narrows, especially at the long end. The credit spreads have decreased significantly in most sideways markets [25]. - Since the end of August 2025, the spread between 5 - year and 2 - year Treasury bonds has declined, while the spreads between 10 - year and 5 - year, and 30 - year and 10 - year Treasury bonds have increased, and the variety spreads have increased rapidly. The reasons include large - scale purchases of medium - term Treasury bonds by large state - owned banks, the reduction of fund duration by public funds, and the weak buying of ultra - long bonds by large and medium - sized banks [31][33]. - Looking forward, the 30 - year Treasury bond rate has a greater downward space, and the variety spreads may also narrow. Insurance funds may increase their purchases of ultra - long bonds when the Treasury bond rate rebounds above 2.1%. With the improvement of bond market sentiment and the end of the cross - quarter period, the buying power of funds and rural commercial banks may return, driving the compression of the spread between policy - financial bonds and Treasury bonds [36]. 3.3 How to View the Impact of 500 Billion Yuan of Local Government Debt Balance on the Bond Market? - In the absence of other incremental policy linkages, the impact of 50 billion yuan of special bonds on the bond market is limited. In 2022, the interest rate fluctuated upward due to a series of incremental policies, including fiscal, monetary, and structural policies [37][38]. - This 500 billion yuan of funds is likely to be issued in the form of new special bonds. Currently, the balance of general bonds is not large, and the use of this fund is more suitable for new special bonds [43]. 3.4 Bond Market Interest Rates First Rose and Then Fell - This week, the central bank's open - market operations changed from net investment to net withdrawal, but the liquidity in the market became looser. The bond market yield curve flattened as a whole, and the 10 - year Treasury bond yield first rose and then fell, rising 0.40bp to 1.82% [3][45]. - The reasons for the fluctuations in bond market interest rates include factors such as "TACO trading," good export performance, increased redemption pressure, market speculation on public fund fee reform, and the possible issuance of local government bonds in advance in 2026 [45]. 3.5 The Scale of Wealth Management Products Slightly Increased - As of October 12, the scale of existing wealth management products reached 30.9 trillion yuan, with a weekly increase of 120.652 billion yuan. From October 6 to October 12, the newly issued wealth management products totaled 14.68 billion yuan [55]. - In the second week of October, the scale of fixed - income products rebounded. By product type, the scale of cash - management products increased by 15.8 billion yuan, and the scale of fixed - income products increased by 41.7 billion yuan. By product risk level, the scale of first - level (low - risk) products increased by 5 billion yuan [59][60]. - The net - breaking rate of wealth management products decreased slightly last week. As of October 15, the average 7 - day annualized yield of 370 money funds was 1.05%, and the average 7 - day annualized yield of 265 cash - management products was 1.35% [60][62]. 3.6 Duration - This week, the duration of public funds decreased at first and then increased. From October 13 to October 17, the duration of public funds increased by 0.035 to 2.382 compared with October 10, and the weekly average was 2.364 [64]. - This week, the divergence of duration decreased, and the market's consensus expectation increased slightly. On October 17, the divergence of public fund duration decreased by 0.014 to 0.321 compared with October 10 [64].

Core Insights - The report analyzes the behavior of institutions in the bond market since July 2025, focusing on their buying patterns and the implications for future bond market trends [11][12][26]. Group 1: Bond Market Weekly Review (2025/10/13-2025/10/17) - The bond market experienced fluctuations influenced by U.S.-China trade news and the performance of the stock market, leading to a flattening of the government bond yield curve [10]. - The yields for 30Y, 10Y, and 1Y government bonds changed by -3.26 basis points, +0.40 basis points, and +7.43 basis points respectively during this week [10]. Group 2: Bond Funds - Since the bond market adjustment began in July 2025, bond funds have exhibited a clear trend of chasing gains and cutting losses, with significant net sales of government bonds, policy bank bonds, and perpetual bonds amounting to CNY 877 billion, CNY 1,549 billion, and CNY 766 billion respectively [12][15]. - The duration of bond funds has gone through three phases: initially reluctant to reduce duration, then forced to sell long-term bonds due to redemption pressures, and finally showing a renewed speculative mindset as yields reached critical levels [20][21]. Group 3: Wealth Management Products - Wealth management products have remained stable in net value and liabilities, serving as a major buying force for credit bonds, with net purchases of medium-term notes, perpetual bonds, and short-term financing bonds totaling CNY 1,484 billion, CNY 1,428 billion, and CNY 677 billion respectively since July 2025 [26][31]. - These products have adopted multiple strategies to stabilize net value, resulting in minimal redemption pressure [26]. Group 4: Banks - Large banks have increased their net purchases of bonds, particularly long-term bonds, acting as a stabilizing force in the bond market, while smaller banks have shown a tendency to take profits [33][37]. - From July to September 2025, large banks net purchased government bonds primarily with maturities of 3Y or less, expanding to 5Y and 10Y bonds in subsequent months [33][34]. Group 5: Insurance - Insurance companies have been cautious in their bond purchases, preferring to invest in 30Y government bonds and local government bonds rather than 10Y bonds due to the lack of expected yield declines [44][45]. - There has been a noticeable increase in equity allocations among large insurance firms, indicating a shift in asset allocation strategies [45][47]. Group 6: Bond Market Strategy - The current market shows a need for continued observation of institutional buying behavior, with a heavy speculative mindset persisting despite a decrease in trading congestion [53]. - The report suggests that the 10Y government bond yield may range between 1.75% and 1.90% (excluding tax) in the near term, with a recommendation to continue reducing duration [53].