1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In the fourth quarter, the cost - effectiveness of the coupon strategy is further enhanced against the backdrop of high uncertainty in the bond market direction. The 1 - 3 - year weak - qualification urban investment sinking strategy is recommended, and the yields of 1 - 2 - year AA(2), 2 - 3 - year AA, and AA(2) urban investment bonds are between 2.09% - 2.32%, with a large balance of outstanding bonds. Second, the super - decline feature of secondary perpetual (Er Yong) bonds is obvious, and the yields of 3 - year large - bank capital bonds and 2 - year AA perpetual bonds are between 2.0% - 2.07%, having fallen to a level with coupon value. The 4 - 5 - year large - bank capital bonds have a large decline in this round of adjustment, and the current yields are all above 2.1%, which are high - quality coupon assets for accounts with stable liability ends. For ultra - long - term bonds, although the cost - effectiveness of coupons continues to increase after adjustment, the liquidity has not seen marginal improvement, and it is still only recommended for allocation - type institutions to consider [3][35]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog Current Bond Market Situation - Last week, the bearish force in the bond market remained strong, but with the bond - buying by large banks and the central bank's liquidity support, interest rates generally stabilized, while the decline of credit bonds was relatively high, especially for Er Yong bonds and ultra - long - term credit bonds, showing an "over - decline" trend. From September 22 to September 26, 2025, the yields of 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, 5Y treasury bonds decreased by 0.7BP, increased by 2.7BP, 2.8BP, 1.8BP, 0.5BP respectively, while the yields of AAA medium - term notes with the same maturities increased by 5.3BP, 6.5BP, 6.8BP, 9.0BP, 9.7BP respectively [1][10]. - The performance of ultra - long - term credit bonds continued to weaken, with the decline exceeding that of the same - maturity interest - rate bonds. The yields of 10Y AAA/AA + medium - term notes increased by 11.32BP and 10.32BP respectively, and the yields of 10Y AAA/AA + urban investment bonds increased by 11.90BP and 8.90BP respectively. The yield of 10Y AAA - bank secondary capital bonds increased by 16.19BP, while the yield of 10Y treasury bonds recovered by 0.21BP [1][12][13]. - The "volatility amplifier" feature of Er Yong bonds reappeared, with the decline of each maturity exceeding that of ordinary credit bonds. The yields of 1 - 5 - year, 7 - year, and 10 - year AAA - bank secondary capital bonds increased by 5.15BP, 8.94BP, 11.60BP, 12.29BP, 17.93BP, 18.31BP, 16.19BP respectively. The part of the curve above 2 - year is still 30BP - 63BP away from the lowest yield point since 2025, and the yields of maturities above 3 - year have exceeded the levels of the bear - flattening period in the first quarter [2][17]. Analysis of Trading Behavior - In terms of active trading, the bearish force of Er Yong bonds was strong overall, with the selling force of trading desks stronger than the buying force of allocation desks. From September 22 to September 26, the proportion of low - valuation transactions of Er Yong bonds was 92.50%, 0.00%, 0.00%, 10.00%, 100.00% respectively. Last week, trading desks represented by public funds strongly sold Er Yong bonds and only had net purchases of short - term credit products. At the same time, allocation desks such as wealth management and insurance institutions bought oversold Er Yong bonds at high prices, but the buying force was weaker than the selling force of public funds [2][19][20]. - The selling market of ultra - long - term credit bonds continued to strengthen throughout the week. From September 22 to September 26, the proportion of discount transactions of ultra - long - term credit bonds was 65.00%, 72.50%, 95.00%, 100.00%, 75.00% respectively. The discount range was not low, and about 25.5% of the discount transactions had a range of more than 4BP, indicating a strong selling willingness in the market [22]. Comparison of the Two Rounds of Bond Market Adjustments in 2025 - The bond market adjustment in the first quarter was mainly driven by the unexpected tightening of the capital market, resulting in weaker performance of the short - and medium - term credit bonds. The yields of 1 - 5 - year AAA urban investment bonds increased by more than 40bp, while the yields of long - term bonds increased by less than 35bp [26][29]. - The bond market adjustment since mid - July in the third quarter was mainly due to the strong performance of the commodity and equity markets, which increased institutional risk appetite. Institutions were very cautious about duration, and short - duration bonds had strong anti - decline properties. From July 18 to September 29, the yield increase of 1 - year urban investment bonds was within 15bp, while the yields of AAA and AA + urban investment bonds with maturities of 7 - year and above increased by more than 40bp [26][32].

证券研究报告 | 2025年09月30日 债海观潮，大势研判 基本面改善仍需验证，债市存在阶段性机会 投资策略 · 固定收益 2025年第十一期 0755-22940745 zhaojing@guosen.com.cn S0980513080004 证券分析师：赵婧 证券分析师：季家辉 021-61761056 jijiahui@guosen.com.cn S0980522010002 0755-22940456 lizn@guosen.com.cn S0980516060001 证券分析师：董德志 021-60933158 dongdz@guosen.com.cn S0980513100001 证券分析师：田地 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 摘要 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 Ø 行情回顾：9月全部债券品种收益率上行；利率债方面，10年国开债为利率上行幅度最高的品种； 信用债方面，长期限品种信用利差上升幅度最为显著；违约方面，9月违约金额略有下降； Ø 海外基本面：美国经济景气回落，就业表现疲软；美国CPI通胀继续回升，通胀预期略有上升； 欧洲日本经济景气继续扩张； Ø 国内 ...

2025 年 09 月 30 日 晨会纪要 研究所： 证券分析师： 余春生 S0350513090001 yucs@ghzq.com.cn [Table_Title] 晨会纪要 ——2025 年第 168 期 观点精粹: 最新报告摘要 两条技术路线下的降息预期测算--固定收益专题研究 从三个细节谈起，债券调整到位了吗？--债券研究周报 证券研究报告 1、最新报告摘要 1.1、两条技术路线下的降息预期测算--固定收益专题研究 分析师：颜子琦 S0350525090002 分析师：刘畅 S0350524090005 本篇报告解决了以下核心问题：如何通过利率互换定价与浮息债利差分析两条技术路线，量化当前市场交易中 隐含的降息预期，以弥补传统流动性分析中的不足。以及如何基于当前的市场共识，判断未来若政策宽松落地 可能带来的债市预期差与投资机会。 从资金面到利率定价的核心问题 当前对流动性的分析容易陷入定性臆测、过度聚焦历史、过度关注前瞻的问 题，而有效的利率研判必须结合"纵向预测"与"横向定价"，其中后者是当前研究的核心堵点。为解决这一 问题，本文通过利率互换定价与浮息债利差分析两条技术路线，分析当前市场交易中隐含的 ...

1. 公开市场操作 央行 9 月 29 日以固定利率、数量招标方式开展了 2886 亿元 7 天期逆回购操作，操作利率 1.40% ，投标量 2886 亿元，中标量 2886 亿 元。 Wind 数据显示，当日 2405 亿元 逆回购到期 ，据此计算，单日净投放 481 亿元。 （*数据来源：Wind-央行动态PBOC） 2. 资金面 银行间市场周一资金面整体平稳均衡，季末结构性矛盾凸显，月内隔夜资金充沛，跨季资金价格仍居高；存款类机构隔夜回购加权利率回到逼近 1.3% 一 线，为逾两年低点。 （IMM） 海外方面，最新美国隔夜融资担保利率为 4.18% 。 // 债市综述 // （*数据来源：Wind-国际货币资金情绪指数、资金综合屏） 3. 同业存单 全国和主要股份制银行一年期同业存单二级市场上最新成交在 1.685% 附近。 （*数据来源：Wind-同业存单-发行结果） 4. 银行间主要利率债收益率 | | 1 Y | 2Y | ЗУ | 54 | 7Y | 10Y | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 国債 | 1.3550 0 ...

报告导读： 四季度债市或"前不弱，后不强"。 在 9 月末债市跌幅较大的情况下，虽然债市长期走弱趋势难以逆转，但跨季债市反而可能趋于平稳甚至局部修复。 过去一周内，虽然 10 年期国债利率走 稳，但债市实际上出现了全面回调。以中债到期收益率口径来看，利率债中相对高弹性的品种如 30 年国债、 10 年期国开等有回调，信用债也演绎补跌行 情，其中基金持仓较重的二永债跌幅更深。从历史规律来看，四季度债市往往呈现"先弱后强"。但 2025 年的情况可能有所不同，我们认为四季度大概率不 会有新增政策出台，债市可能是"前不弱，后不强"。 以上内容节选自国泰海通证券已发布的证券研究报告。 报告名称： 跨季前后的阶段性平台期；报告日期：2025.09.28 报告作者： 唐元懋（分析师），登记编号：S0880524040002 杜润琛（研究助理），登记编号：S0880123090079 孙越（分析师），登记编号：S0880525080004 重要提醒 本订阅号所载内容仅面向国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户。因本资料暂时无法设置访问限制，根据《证 券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的要求，若您并非国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户，为保证服务 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no specific industry investment rating mentioned in the report. 2. Report's Core View The current bond market has prominent allocation value. The monetary policy has added the statement of "continuous efforts and timely intensification", emphasizing counter - cyclical adjustment, maintaining ample liquidity and reducing social financing costs. The economic data in July and August were lower than expected. From January to August 2025, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size turned from decline to an increase of 0.9% year - on - year, with the single - month profit growth rate in August soaring to 20.4%. The consumer side showed differentiation this week, indicating cautious consumer sentiment. Against the backdrop of economic pressure, there are still expectations of monetary policy easing. The bond market's performance in September deviated from the capital and economic fundamentals. Bond yields may fluctuate downward, and the 10Y Treasury yield may drop to 1.65% in the fourth quarter [2][10][80]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro News - **Central Bank's Monetary Policy Meeting**: The third - quarter meeting of the central bank's monetary policy committee in 2025 added "continuous efforts and timely intensification" to the overall description of monetary policy. It removed "more risk hidden dangers" in the domestic economic description and "continuous" from the description of prices. The new statement "implement and refine the moderately loose monetary policy" was added, and "deepening the structural reform of the financial supply - side" was removed [12]. - **Industrial Enterprise Profits**: From January to August, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size turned from a year - on - year decline of 1.7% to an increase of 0.9%. In August, the single - month profit growth rate rebounded significantly to 20.4%, driven by policy effects, low - base support, and industry structure optimization. However, nearly half of the industries still had negative year - on - year profit growth [18][19]. - **US Tariff and PCE Data**: The US will impose a new round of high - tariffs on multiple imported products starting from October 1. The US PCE price index in August increased by 2.7% year - on - year and 0.3% month - on - month, both in line with expectations. The probability of the Fed cutting interest rates by 25BP in October rose above 80% [4][22]. 3.2 Meso - level High - frequency Data - **Consumption**: As of September 21, the daily average retail and wholesale volumes of passenger cars increased by 9.4% and 5.8% year - on - year respectively. As of September 19, the total retail volume of three major household appliances increased by 10.2% year - on - year, while the total retail sales decreased by 12.9% year - on - year [24][28]. - **Transportation**: As of September 21, the weekly container throughput at ports increased by 12.9% year - on - year, postal express pick - up volume increased by 19.4% year - on - year, railway freight volume increased by 2.7% year - on - year, and highway truck traffic increased by 20.7% year - on - year. As of September 27, the average subway passenger volume in first - tier cities decreased by 8.5% year - on - year [34][39][41]. - **Industrial Operating Rates**: As of September 24, the blast furnace operating rate of major steel enterprises increased by 3.2 percentage points year - on - year. As of September 25, the average asphalt operating rate increased by 3.0 percentage points year - on - year, the soda ash operating rate increased by 7.5 percentage points year - on - year, and the PVC operating rate decreased by 0.7 percentage points year - on - year [44][46]. - **Real Estate**: As of September 27, the total commercial housing transaction area in 30 large and medium - sized cities in the past 7 days increased by 3.6% year - on - year. As of September 19, the second - hand housing transaction area in 9 sample cities increased by 78.4% year - on - year [51][53]. - **Prices**: As of September 26, the average wholesale price of pork decreased by 25.0% year - on - year and 2.2% compared with 4 weeks ago; the average wholesale price of vegetables decreased by 21.2% year - on - year and increased by 2.6% compared with 4 weeks ago. The average spot price of rebar decreased by 7.5% year - on - year and 1.9% compared with 4 weeks ago, while the average spot price of iron ore increased by 8.4% year - on - year and 2.4% compared with 4 weeks ago [54][60]. 3.3 Bond and Foreign Exchange Markets - **Short - term Interest Rates**: On September 28, the overnight Shibor was 1.31%, down 9.90BP from September 23. On September 26, R001, DR001, and IBO001 decreased, while R007, DR007, and IBO007 increased compared with September 22 [63]. - **Bond Yields**: On September 26, most Treasury yields rose. The 1 - year/5 - year/10 - year/30 - year Treasury yields were 1.39%/1.62%/1.88%/2.22% respectively, with changes of flat/+0.5BP/+0.3BP/+1.8BP compared with September 19. The yields of China Development Bank bonds and local government bonds also showed different changes [68][70]. - **Foreign Exchange**: On September 26, the central parity rate and spot exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB were 7.12/7.13, up 24/220 pips compared with September 19 [76]. 3.4 Institutional Behavior The median duration of medium - and long - term interest - rate bond funds estimated on September 26 was about 4.5 years, down about 0.04 years from last week. The median and average durations of medium - and long - term credit bond funds estimated on September 26 were about 2.9 years, down about 0.2 years from last week [76][79]. 3.5 Investment Recommendations The current bond market has prominent allocation value. The bond market's performance in September deviated from the capital and economic fundamentals. Bond yields may fluctuate downward. Although the bond market may be disturbed by the stock market's risk appetite in the short term, its allocation value is prominent supported by the fundamentals. The 10Y Treasury yield may drop to 1.65% in the fourth quarter [80][83].

Industry Investment Rating - There is no information about the industry investment rating in the provided content. Core Views - The bond market performed poorly in Q3 due to multiple factors, including policy - induced macro - narrative reversals, a decline in the bond market's profit - making effect, and regulatory - induced redemptions of bond funds. As Q4 approaches, historical experience shows that interest rates are more likely to decline in Q4. The report explores possible paths for bond market sentiment repair [6][9]. - The market has reached a consensus on a weak present but improving future for the fundamentals and continuous loosening of the capital market. Thus, poor Q4 fundamental data and loose capital cannot significantly drive down bond market interest rates [6][12]. - Central bank actions are still crucial. The deviation between the capital market and bond market interest rates is due to large government bond issuances. If the supply of interest - rate bonds increases in Q4, the central bank is expected to strengthen monetary policy. Observing changes in central bank monetary policy or a downward - guiding of inter - bank interest rates may be a path for bond market sentiment repair [6][13][16]. - Attention should be paid to the end of the withdrawal of trading funds. The bond market adjustment caused by regulatory policies on funds is more of a frictional effect. In the long run, funds are likely to return to the bond market. Monitoring regulatory rhythms, institutional responses, and the profit - taking progress of Q3 short - sellers in Q4 is advisable [6][17]. Summary by Directory 1. Bond Market Weekly View: Possible Paths for Bond Market Sentiment Repair - Q3 bond market performance was poor, affected by policies, the equity market, and regulatory factors. Institutions' behaviors changed, with insurance institutions not eager to allocate and funds having a bad experience in "bottom - fishing". Entering Q4, the report explores paths for bond market sentiment repair [9]. 2. This Week's Focus in the Fixed - Income Market: September PMI Data to be Released 2.1 Domestic PMI Data Release - This week, China will release September PMI data, and the US will release September ADP employment figures and other data [18]. 2.2 This Week's Decline in Interest - Rate Bond Issuance - The issuance scale of interest - rate bonds this week has seasonally declined to a low level, with a planned total issuance of 107.2 billion. There are no plans to issue treasury bonds and policy - financial bonds this week. 33 local bonds are planned to be issued, with a scale of 107.2 billion [21][22][23]. 3. Interest - Rate Bond Review and Outlook: High Bond Market Volatility 3.1 14 - Day Reverse Repurchase at the End of the Quarter - Near the end of the quarter, the central bank carried out 14 - day reverse repurchases. After a 30 - billion - yuan injection on Monday and no further operations in the middle of the week, a 60 - billion - yuan injection on Friday eased capital fluctuations. The net injection of open - market operations totaled 88.06 billion. Capital prices first rose and then fell. Repurchase trading volume also rose and then fell, with an average of about 7.27 trillion per week. Overnight ratios decreased. DR001 and DR007 first rose and then fell. The issuance of negotiable certificates of deposit remained at a relatively high level, with high prices. The net financing was - 17.83 billion. The 9 - month and 1 - year maturities accounted for about 44%. Secondary selling pressure was high, and last week's CD interest rates rose to a high level [27][29][35]. 3.2 Continued High Bond Market Volatility - The bond market continued to be highly volatile. At the beginning of the week, the expectation of increased monetary easing was disappointed, and multiple negative factors led to a large - scale bond market adjustment. In the second half of the week, the central bank increased the injection of medium - and long - term liquidity and 14 - day reverse repurchases, easing capital pressure and leading to bond market repair. The yields of 10Y treasury bonds and CDB active bonds changed by 0.4bp and 2bp to 1.8% and 1.96% respectively compared to last week. The yields of interest - rate bonds of various maturities mainly rose, especially those of policy - financial bonds. The 5Y Export - Import Bank bond had the largest increase, rising 4.8bp [48]. 4. High - Frequency Data: Improvement in Automobile Sales and Commodity Housing Transaction Data - On the production side, the operating rates were divided. The daily average crude steel production in early September had a year - on - year growth rate of 1.6%, turning positive from negative. - On the demand side, the year - on - year growth rates of passenger car manufacturers' wholesale and retail sales improved. The year - on - year growth rate of the commodity housing transaction area turned positive. The SCFI and CCFI composite indices changed by - 7% and - 2.9% respectively. - On the price side, crude oil prices rose, copper and aluminum prices diverged, and the settlement price of the coking coal active contract futures changed by - 0.1%. In the mid - stream, the building materials composite price index changed by 0.5%, the cement index by 2.4%, and the glass index by 3%. The output of rebar was basically flat, the inventory decreased to 4.72 million tons, and the futures price changed by - 0.6%. In the downstream consumer sector, vegetable, fruit, and pork prices changed by 2%, 1.6%, and - 0.3% respectively [55][56].

Open Market Operations - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation on September 28, with a fixed rate and a total amount of 181.7 billion yuan, at an interest rate of 1.40% [1] Funding Conditions - The interbank funding market is relatively loose due to the absence of non-bank institutions as a significant demand side, leading to a slight decrease in the overnight repo weighted average rate, while the 7-day rate increased by over 2 basis points [3] - The overnight financing rate in the U.S. is currently at 4.18% [3] Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The latest transaction for one-year interbank certificates of deposit in the secondary market is around 1.695% [6] Major Interbank Bond Yield Rates - The yields for various government bonds are as follows: - 1Y: 1.3500% - 2Y: 1.4500% - 3Y: 1.2650% - 5Y: 1.6150% - 7Y: 1.8050% - 10Y: 1.8000% [10] Recent City Investment Bonds (AAA) Yield Spread Trends - The article provides insights into the yield spread trends for city investment bonds, indicating market conditions [11] Upcoming Market Events - A total of 516.6 billion yuan in reverse repos will mature in the week of September 29 to October 3, with significant amounts maturing on Monday and Tuesday [12] - The three major exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen will be closed from October 1 to October 8 for the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays [12] Global Macro Insights - Key Federal Reserve officials are scheduled to speak this week, which may influence market expectations regarding monetary policy [14] - U.S. President Trump is set to meet with congressional leaders to discuss funding issues, with significant divisions remaining between parties [14]

Group 1 - The bond market sentiment is currently weak, with a poor profit effect, and significant downward movement in interest rates requires strong event-driven stimuli, such as large-scale bond purchases, central bank rate cuts, or significant declines in equity markets [1][8] - The 10-year government bond yield has been fluctuating around 1.8%, with potential for both upward and downward movement, but a rebound opportunity is more likely if the yield approaches 1.9% [1][8] - The report suggests maintaining a slightly lower duration in bond portfolios and focusing on a barbell structure due to the difficulty in significantly steepening the yield curve in a weak market environment [2][39] Group 2 - The report highlights the importance of selecting specific bonds, with a focus on the 30-year government bond 25T6, which is expected to become the next main bond due to its good liquidity and upcoming issuance [3][12] - The yield spread between 25T6 and 25T2 is currently around 10 basis points, with expectations that this spread will compress to about 6 basis points as 25T6 gains prominence [12] - The report also emphasizes the need to monitor the impact of new regulations on fund redemptions, which may lead to increased volatility in certain bond types [2][39] Group 3 - The report indicates that the current bond yield valuations are not expensive compared to other asset classes, but the profit effect from bonds remains weak, making them less attractive [27][28] - The 10-year government bond yield is projected to be around 1.93% in the coming month, reflecting a weak outlook based on the constructed interest rate prediction model [23][24] - The report notes that the yield curve is expected to remain relatively flat, with short-term government bonds showing more resilience compared to long-term bonds [38][39]

固定收益 | 固定收益点评 整体来看，权益市场在国庆假期前后通常有较强的日历效应，节前以谨慎 离场为主，节后通常补涨。 债市资金面节前通常波动较大、节后季节性明显回落；但国债利率本身日 历效应并不明显。复盘 2019 年以来表现来看，国庆前后利率多以上行为 主，主要关注因素在于基本面和财政政策。可分类为三种情况： 1）2019、2020、2021 年，节后利率延续节前的上行态势，行情主线分别 是中美贸易谈判推进、基本面数据表现偏强、通胀担忧升温。 2）2022、2024 年，利率由节前的上行态势扭转为节后下行态势。前者主 因节前地产积极政策出台、宽信用预期升温，而节后坚决防疫政策信号加 强；后者主因节后股市涨幅放缓，债市迎来大跌之后的修复。 3）2023 年，国庆前后债市延续震荡略偏空的格局。主要逻辑在于资金面 偏紧，叠加特殊再融资债开始发行。 固收周度点评 证券研究报告 长假前后，债市表现如何？ 1、本周债市行情回顾：做空惯性中，期待维稳力量入场 本周，债市"远忧近虑"并存，做空惯性仍在，但大行买债和央行操作也 及时起到维稳效果，利率在连续"上台阶"之后有所修复。但综合来看， 做空惯性仍有待更积极、更确定的 ...