Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs have announced the suspension of certain export controls from now until November 10, 2026 [1] - The announcements include export controls on superhard materials, certain rare earth equipment and raw materials, lithium batteries, artificial graphite anode materials, and some medium and heavy rare earths [1] - Additional announcements focus on export controls for overseas rare earth items and related technologies [5]

最近，欧盟变得非常焦虑。根据他们分析中美发布的吉隆坡经贸磋商成果，欧盟发现中国暂停实施新的稀土出口管制政策并非全球性，而是仅限于针对美 国。对此，欧盟加紧了与中国的接触，希望了解中国的立场以及这一问题的可能发展方向。欧盟的目标是争取像美国一样获得"特殊待遇"，以便缓解他们在 稀土供应方面的焦虑。 当然，我们也知道，欧洲企业在面对稀土焦虑时，下订单的策略是尽量多申请，争取能囤积更多的稀土，避免中欧关系出现波动再次引发担忧。因此，中方 对稀土订单的审批率保持在50%左右，并不是完全批准，也不是完全拒绝。这其实是一种非常智慧的做法。 中方的智慧在于，不允许欧洲企业囤积稀土。 欧盟一贯的做法是，若有点资本，就会挑战中国，这种毛病在西方老牌强国中很普遍。因此，中国当然可以批准欧洲企业的稀土订单，但始终保持"有吃的 却吃不饱"的状态。这样做能够迫使欧盟保持冷静，避免其在中欧关系中做文章制造事端。同时，这也向欧盟明确传达了中国在全球稀土供应链中的主导地 位，让他们在处理对华关系时更加谨慎。 最为重要的是，这种"有吃的却吃不饱"的状态将延续欧盟对中国稀土的依赖，从而在一定程度上推迟欧盟实现稀 土供应链自主化的进程。从本质上讲 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Russian government, under President Putin's directive, is prioritizing the development of a long-term roadmap for rare earth mining and production to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on the US and China [1][3]. Group 1: Strategic Objectives - The core goal of the plan is to establish a fully autonomous rare earth industry chain, reflecting Russia's increasing anxiety over strategic resource independence [1][3]. - Putin has emphasized that rare earths are a priority for enhancing economic competitiveness, indicating a heightened awareness of resource sovereignty [3][4]. - The plan aims to create a complete industry chain from mining to high-tech product manufacturing, showcasing Russia's ambition to reduce reliance on resource exports [6][11]. Group 2: Challenges and Risks - Russia faces significant challenges in developing an independent rare earth industry, including a technological gap, as China leads in rare earth extraction technology [8][10]. - Financial constraints are severe, with Western sanctions limiting funding options and high development costs for mining in Siberia and the Far East [10]. - The time window for establishing production capacity is narrowing, with global competition intensifying, potentially leading to a situation where Russia has resources but lacks market access [10][11]. Group 3: Potential Opportunities - If successful, the initiative could provide Russia with economic resilience against Western sanctions, leverage in negotiations with the US and Europe, and stimulate economic development in the Far East [11]. - There is a possibility for limited cooperation with China, despite the emphasis on self-sufficiency, indicating a nuanced approach to international collaboration [10].

来源 | 科普中国、 上海市科学技术协会、彭博新闻 等 预计阅读时间：8分钟 "稀土"对于很多人来说，既熟悉，又陌生。熟悉是因为在 国际新闻中，"稀土"这个词频繁出现，成为大国博弈的焦点； 陌 生是因为不知道稀土到底是什么？ 它 有何魔力？为何能让世界各国如此重视？ 本文将带大家简单解答以上问题。 01 什么是稀土？ 稀土是地球上最重要的原材料之一，深深植根于支撑现代生活的技术中。然而， 稀土指的并不是某一种物质，而是17种金属元素 的统称，它包括镧（La）、铈（Ce）、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒 (Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)，以及与镧系的15个元素密切相关的2个元素钪（Sc）和钇（Y），是一种不可再生资源。 1794年，芬兰化学家加多林从一块形似沥青的重质矿石中分离出第一种稀土"元素"。由于18世纪时技术有限，发现的稀土矿物较少，当 时只能用化学法制得少量不溶于水的氧化物，历史上习惯地把这种氧化物称为"土"，因而得名稀土。 因此，稀土尽管名字中有个"土"，但是跟我们印象中的土壤并没有什么关系。 稀土有哪些用途 ...

我国科研人员在一种名为乌毛蕨的蕨类植物体内，不仅发现大量富集的稀土元素，还首次观测到这些稀 土元素在植物组织细胞间"自我组装"，形成了一种名为"镧独居石"的矿物。这是科学家首次在天然植物 中发现稀土元素的生物成矿现象，为未来稀土资源的可持续利用提供了新路径。相关成果于11月5日在 线发表于国际学术期刊《环境科学与技术》。 ...

Core Points - The EU is urgently seeking to secure rare earth resources from China, reflecting a growing anxiety over supply shortages, especially after the US-China tariff resolution [1][3] - A special communication channel has been established between the EU and China, with over 2,000 applications submitted by European companies, and more than half of these have already been approved [1][3] - The EU's previous stance as a "rule-maker" has shifted to a more cooperative approach, acknowledging that the control over the supply chain does not lie with them [3][10] Group 1 - The EU's anxiety over rare earth supply is evident, with officials stating that mishandling the issue could have a "very negative impact" on the EU's manufacturing sector [1][3] - The EU is attempting to diversify its supply sources, aiming for a 15% self-sufficiency in rare earths by 2030 and seeking partnerships with countries like Australia [5][7] - The complexity of establishing a new rare earth supply chain, including technological barriers and environmental costs, makes it unrealistic for the EU to quickly reduce dependence on China [7][10] Group 2 - The interaction surrounding the 2,000 rare earth applications highlights the reality of global supply chain security, with China balancing its export controls while ensuring global supply stability [3][10] - The EU's recent actions indicate a recognition that mutual respect and cooperation are essential for achieving win-win outcomes in the evolving economic relationship with China [9][10] - Future dynamics may lead to new negotiations as China refines its rare earth management and the EU continues its diversification efforts [10]

稀土被誉为"工业维生素"，从战斗机到智能手机，从电动汽车到导弹制导系统，都离不开这些金属。目前，中国在全球稀土市场中占据着主导地位，提供了 全球90%以上的稀土产品。正因为此，中国的稀土控制权让包括俄罗斯在内的多个国家产生了强烈的危机感。 11月初，俄罗斯总理米舒斯京刚刚结束了对中国的访问，双方签署了多个合作协议。然而，令人意外的是，返回莫斯科后，普京立即要求内阁在12月1日前 批准一个关于稀土金属长期发展的计划。这一举动引发了广泛关注，时间的选择尤为微妙，显示出俄罗斯在战略资源保障方面的迫切需求。 对于中国来说，面对全球各国争相寻求稀土自主的趋势，需要保持战略定力。从短期来看，中国在稀土加工技术和成本控制等方面的优势暂时难以被取代。 但从长远来看，中国也需要探索新的竞争优势。一方面，中国需要继续加强技术创新，推动产业链向更高端发展，研发稀土新材料和新应用；另一方面，还 需优化资源管理，提高资源的利用效率。与此同时，可以考虑与资源国进行更深层次的合作，实现互利共赢。 中国在稀土领域的主导地位并非一蹴而就。经过数十年的发展，中国建立了从稀土开采、分离到加工的完整产业链。而且，近年来中国出于环境保护和资源 可持续 ...

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. aims to reduce its reliance on Chinese rare earth metals within two years, citing concerns over China's reliability as a supplier [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Strategy and Actions - U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessenet stated that the U.S. will find alternative sources for rare earth metals within 12 to 24 months, with President Trump supporting this initiative [1][3]. - The U.S. is focusing on "supply chain security" and "technological hegemony," particularly in strategic sectors like semiconductors and defense, where rare earths are critical [3]. - A key initiative includes an $8.5 billion agreement with Australia to restructure the supply chain, aiming for a "Australia mining - U.S.-Australia processing - Western consumption" model [3]. Group 2: Challenges and Limitations - The U.S. faces significant technological barriers in rare earth separation, requiring advanced chemical extraction processes that are currently lacking domestically [4]. - MP Company, the only U.S. rare earth miner, can only process light rare earths and lacks the capability to handle heavy rare earths essential for high-end permanent magnets [4][6]. - Australia's Lynas Corporation, despite having rich reserves, also relies on China for refining, and its U.S. processing facility will take 3-5 years to become operational, exceeding the U.S. two-year timeline [4][6]. Group 3: Industry Dynamics and Global Implications - China's dominance in the rare earth sector is attributed to decades of technological accumulation and a complete industrial system, producing over 300,000 tons of neodymium-iron-boron magnets annually, compared to the U.S. target of only 1,000 tons [6]. - The U.S. Department of Defense's price floor for heavy rare earths is nearly double the market price, which could increase costs for defense and renewable energy sectors, undermining their international competitiveness [6]. - The U.S. strategy may lead to a fragmented global resource allocation, as it attempts to create an exclusive supply chain through alliances like AUKUS, countering China's market-driven approach [6][8]. Group 4: Future Outlook - While the U.S. aims to diversify its supply chain, the short-term advantages of China's rare earth industry remain irreplaceable, particularly in heavy rare earth separation technology [8]. - A more pragmatic approach for the U.S. would be to engage in global collaboration within the rare earth supply chain, rather than pursuing unrealistic decoupling goals [8].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. has been unable to break its dependence on rare earth elements despite 15 years of efforts and significant investments, with recent agreements appearing more political than substantive [1][8][20]. Group 1: U.S. Rare Earth Strategy - The Trump administration's approach to rare earths resembles a global shopping spree, with claims of securing vast resources that are often exaggerated or unfounded [3][4]. - Recent agreements with Southeast Asian countries, while seemingly promising, lack specific details and are unlikely to meet U.S. demand due to export restrictions [5][6]. - The U.S. has made some progress, notably with the reopening of the Mountain Pass mine, which is now the only large-scale rare earth mine in the U.S. [12]. Group 2: Historical Context - The U.S. has been aware of its reliance on imported rare earths since 2010, leading to various legislative efforts aimed at securing supply chains [8][9]. - The Biden administration has continued the previous administration's focus on rare earths, indicating a bipartisan commitment to this issue [9]. Group 3: Achievements and Challenges - The U.S. has seen a significant increase in employment in the rare earth sector, with job numbers rising 26 times from 2010 to 2023 [12]. - Despite some achievements, the U.S. remains significantly behind China in technology, talent, and regulatory efficiency, which hampers its ability to establish a competitive rare earth supply chain [15][16][20]. Group 4: Systemic Issues - The small scale of the rare earth industry in the U.S. limits private sector investment, as the market does not generate sufficient economic returns [20][21]. - The U.S. government has had to intervene directly in the rare earth market, exemplified by the Defense Department's investment in the Mountain Pass mine [23][24]. - The systemic issues in the U.S. mining sector, including lengthy permitting processes and high litigation rates, further complicate efforts to establish a robust rare earth supply chain [16][17][20].

Core Viewpoint - Northern Rare Earth's stock price has shown significant volatility, with a year-to-date increase of 131.11%, but a recent decline in the last five and twenty trading days [1][2]. Company Overview - Northern Rare Earth (China Northern Rare Earth Group High-Tech Co., Ltd.) is located in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, and was established on September 12, 1997, with its listing on September 24, 1997 [1]. - The company specializes in rare earth raw materials, functional materials, and some terminal application products [1]. - Revenue composition includes production business (132.93%), functional materials and application products (31.31%), trading business (27.24%), and environmental industry and others (4.01%) [1]. Financial Performance - For the period from January to September 2025, Northern Rare Earth achieved a revenue of 30.292 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 40.50%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.541 billion yuan, up 280.27% year-on-year [2]. - Cumulative cash dividends since the A-share listing amount to 5.358 billion yuan, with 994 million yuan distributed over the past three years [3]. Shareholder Structure - As of September 30, 2025, the number of shareholders increased to 735,600, with an average of 4,914 circulating shares per person, a decrease of 0.76% from the previous period [2]. - Major shareholders include Hong Kong Central Clearing Limited, Huatai-PB CSI 300 ETF, and E Fund CSI 300 ETF, with notable changes in their holdings [3].