«——【引言】——» 你知道吗？ 在中国的土地上，竟然埋藏着一种被誉为"稀世珍宝"的金属，全球都在争相觊觎。 它不仅稀有，价值极高，更在航空航天等高科技领域扮演着至关重要的角色。 自2017年发现大量储量以来，这种金属成为了全球各大科技强国的心头好。 更让人惊讶的是，中国竟然拒绝了多国提出的技术交换合作，背后到底有什么原因？ 这个"稀世珍宝"到底有多重要，竟让世界如此焦虑？ 铼的出现：无声无息，却举足轻重 你可能没听过铼这个金属，它不像石油那样人人耳熟能详，也不像稀土那样频频出现在新闻里，但它在高科技领域的重要性，却丝毫不逊色。 铼是一个非常特殊的金属，位于元素周期表的第75位，它的熔点超过3180°C，沸点达到5596°C，这意味着它在极高温度下依然能保持稳定，其他金属根本 无法比拟。 正如你所想象的那样，铼的出现并不单纯是一个经济事件，更是全球科技大国争夺资源的开始。 它被发现的历史也很短，1925年才被科学家从铂矿中提取出来。 铼不仅极其稀有，且总量很少，在全球范围内，铼的储量估计不到3000吨。 就为了这些金属，全球的科技巨头们都愿意拼尽全力，而我国，正是世界上最有可能改变这一局面的国家之一。 "宝藏 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Russian government, under President Putin's directive, is prioritizing the development of a long-term roadmap for rare earth mining and production to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on the US and China [1][3]. Group 1: Strategic Objectives - The core goal of the plan is to establish a fully autonomous rare earth industry chain, reflecting Russia's increasing anxiety over strategic resource independence [1][3]. - Putin has emphasized that rare earths are a priority for enhancing economic competitiveness, indicating a heightened awareness of resource sovereignty [3][4]. - The plan aims to create a complete industry chain from mining to high-tech product manufacturing, showcasing Russia's ambition to reduce reliance on resource exports [6][11]. Group 2: Challenges and Risks - Russia faces significant challenges in developing an independent rare earth industry, including a technological gap, as China leads in rare earth extraction technology [8][10]. - Financial constraints are severe, with Western sanctions limiting funding options and high development costs for mining in Siberia and the Far East [10]. - The time window for establishing production capacity is narrowing, with global competition intensifying, potentially leading to a situation where Russia has resources but lacks market access [10][11]. Group 3: Potential Opportunities - If successful, the initiative could provide Russia with economic resilience against Western sanctions, leverage in negotiations with the US and Europe, and stimulate economic development in the Far East [11]. - There is a possibility for limited cooperation with China, despite the emphasis on self-sufficiency, indicating a nuanced approach to international collaboration [10].

美国这几天像被踩到脚了一样跳。原因很简单，中国宣布加强稀土出口管制。财长贝森特连着好几天在公开场合"开炮"，用尽各种说法指责中国"用稀土 对抗世界"。问题是，他这些话，暴露的不是中国的态度，而是美国的慌。 被打中命门的不是别人，就是美国自己。 想想看，从矿山到精炼，从冶炼再到永磁体生产，中国掌握着全球超过90%的精炼能力和核心技术。这是几十年积累下来的，不是两三年能补回来的。美 国现在急得像热锅上的蚂蚁，到处开稀土项目，叫嚣要"国家级工程"来替代，可就算开了工，没有五到十年，也难以形成完整产业链。 其实这事的戏剧性恰恰在这儿。美国这些年干了什么？搞芯片封锁、筑"小院高墙"、把高科技当成武器。口口声声"自由贸易"，一转头就加征100%的关 税；嘴上谈合作，手里却一直在围堵中国的科技发展。现在遇到一点反制，立刻喊"对抗世界"。你说这像话吗？ 问题的根子，从来不在中国的政策，而在美国自以为可以永远控制全球的那种傲慢。 更气人的是，美国还真把自己当成稀土世界的裁判。贝森特那几天讲话特别情绪化，说中国"威胁全球供应链"。可现实是，中国还设了绿色通道、民用豁 免，根本没断供。连过渡期都安排好了，体现的是一个大国的克制。 ...

听着像雄心，实则慌乱。他们忘了，稀土不是芯片，不是光刻机，是地里挖出来的矿，加工靠的是几十年积累的工艺和环保体系。 美国想用立法逼中国让步，结果中国反手把稀土加工技术锁进禁出口目录——这不是谈判，是断后路。你喊500%关税，我连原料都不让你拿走，你拿什么 造电动车、造导弹？ 美国自己关停了国内稀土厂，现在想重建？五年都难。他们能做的，只是把通胀压力转嫁给本国消费者。中国没喊一句"制裁"，但每一步都踩在对方的命门 上。你关税加得再高，也加不出稀土来。技术禁了，价格涨了，企业抢着囤货，舆论还在吵"谁输谁赢"？ 其实早有答案：当一方只能靠威胁，另一方已经用行动重新定义了规则。这不是贸易战，是资源主权的重新洗牌。而这一次，中国没用口号，只用了三份文 件、一个价格、一封邮件，就把全球供应链的主动权，牢牢攥在了手里。 更狠的是市场反应。伦敦交易所稀土价格三天飙出2012年以来最大涨幅，日本信越化学直接给车企发函：四季度涨价25%，还加了一条"中国出口许可不确 定"——这等于在合同里埋雷，告诉全世界：不是我涨价，是你们没货。 车企不敢赌，已经开始提前锁单，哪怕多花三成钱也得囤。 美国那边，19.7亿美元预算已经过听证，目标 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's new rare earth export regulations, which require strict approvals, have raised concerns in the U.S., highlighting the strategic importance of rare earths in national security and technology [1][5][12] Group 1: China's Position - China has dominated the global rare earth supply chain for the past 30 years, managing everything from mining to processing, which has made it a leader in this industry [3][5] - The new regulations aim to manage resources more effectively, ensuring that exports are controlled based on the buyer and intended use, rather than being sold indiscriminately [5][12] - This move signals a shift in how resource-rich countries view their assets, emphasizing that resources are strategic rather than just commodities [16][21] Group 2: U.S. Response - The U.S. military and defense contractors are particularly alarmed by the new regulations, as rare earths are critical for advanced military technology and weaponry [5][10] - Despite attempts to develop domestic sources and partnerships with allies, the U.S. has struggled to establish a complete supply chain for rare earths, particularly in processing and refining [8][19] - The U.S. has historically relied on sanctions and trade wars, but the current situation reveals vulnerabilities in its industrial base, particularly in securing essential materials [10][21] Group 3: Global Implications - The rare earth conflict is not merely a trade dispute but represents a broader reconfiguration of global supply chains and industrial power dynamics [14][16] - Countries rich in resources are beginning to realize that controlling processing and technology grants them greater influence and respect in international relations [16][21] - The ongoing situation illustrates that the ability to manage and control critical resources will be a key factor in future geopolitical stability and power [21]

Group 1 - Rare earth elements are crucial for modern technology, impacting smartphones, electric vehicles, and military equipment [1][3] - China dominates the rare earth market, controlling 70% of global production and 90% of processing capacity, giving it significant leverage over high-tech industries [3][5] - The U.S. is heavily reliant on Chinese rare earths for defense and technology, facing supply chain disruptions due to China's export restrictions [5][9] Group 2 - In 2023, China reduced rare earth exports by nearly 40%, citing environmental and technological reasons, which is part of a broader national security strategy [5][11] - The U.S. is investing in recycling projects to reduce dependence on China, but current recovery rates are below 10%, making progress slow and costly [7][9] - Major U.S. companies like Tesla and Apple are experiencing significant supply chain pressures, with Tesla reporting a 30% increase in battery costs due to rare earth shortages [7][11] Group 3 - The cost of extracting rare earths from electronic waste is significantly higher than importing from China, leading to economic inefficiencies [9] - The U.S. is seeking alternative sources from allies like Australia and Vietnam, but their combined output is insufficient to meet U.S. demand [9][11] - The ongoing rare earth crisis highlights the importance of resource sovereignty and the need for a stable supply chain to maintain technological leadership [13]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the critical importance of rare earth elements, particularly in the context of China's export restrictions and the implications for the U.S. high-tech and defense industries [3][5][12]. Group 1: Importance of Rare Earth Elements - Rare earth elements are essential for various high-tech applications, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and military equipment, with China controlling approximately 70% of global production and 90% of processing capabilities [3][5]. - The lack of rare earth elements could severely impact major technology companies and military operations, leading to significant operational challenges [8][10]. Group 2: China's Export Restrictions - China has implemented strict export controls, reducing overseas sales by nearly 40% in 2023, citing environmental and technological reasons [3][5]. - The Chinese government views rare earths as a strategic resource to counter trade tensions and protect national security [5][12]. Group 3: U.S. Response and Challenges - The U.S. has begun extensive recycling initiatives to recover rare earth elements from electronic waste, with significant investments in projects aimed at reducing dependency on Chinese supplies [7][10]. - Despite these efforts, the recycling rate remains below 10%, and the costs associated with recycling are significantly higher than importing raw materials from China [10][12]. Group 4: Economic and Political Implications - The U.S. high-tech sector faces potential setbacks, with companies like Tesla and Apple experiencing increased costs and supply chain disruptions due to the lack of access to Chinese rare earths [8][10]. - The geopolitical landscape is shifting, with other countries like South Korea and Japan investing in alternative sources and materials, potentially diminishing U.S. technological leadership [12].

Group 1 - The core conflict revolves around the strategic importance of rare earth elements, with the U.S. leading an "Indo-Pacific Rare Earth Alliance" to reduce dependence on China, while China responds with a significant overhaul of its mineral resources law [1][3][7] - Rare earth elements are critical for modern warfare technologies, with China controlling 70% of global mining and 90% of refining capabilities, making it indispensable for Western military applications [3][5] - The alliance's ambitious plans to establish a supply chain within five years face significant challenges, as member countries struggle with internal issues and lack the necessary infrastructure and technology to compete with China [5][11] Group 2 - China's new mineral resources law aims to centralize control over rare earth resources, enhancing efficiency and establishing a strategic reserve system to support national military needs [7][9] - The law includes measures to ensure that foreign companies must register patents in China to access rare earth resources, reinforcing China's control over its strategic assets [9][11] - China's dominance in rare earth technology is highlighted by its advanced extraction and refining processes, which significantly outperform those of its competitors, making it nearly impossible for them to catch up [14][16] Group 3 - The geopolitical landscape is shifting, with Western companies like Bosch and Siemens seeking to secure contracts with China, indicating a reliance on Chinese rare earth supplies [12][14] - The U.S. military faces urgent supply shortages, particularly for the F-35 program, which is heavily dependent on rare earth elements, projecting a 50% shortfall by 2026 [12][14] - The failure of the alliance exposes the fragmented nature of Western efforts, with member countries unable to coordinate effectively, leading to internal conflicts and project delays [12][16] Group 4 - The outcome of the rare earth conflict appears to favor China, as its comprehensive control over the supply chain and strategic resources positions it as a dominant player in the global market [18][19] - The narrative emphasizes that the struggle for rare earth resources is not merely about materials but reflects broader national power dynamics, with China asserting its position through legal and technological means [18][19] - The future of the rare earth market is expected to be increasingly competitive, with China's advancements in monitoring and production capabilities solidifying its leadership [19]

Core Viewpoint - The recent U.S. congressional action aims to impose sanctions on countries that restrict rare earth exports, indicating a shift towards aggressive legislative measures to control global resource distribution [1][3]. Group 1: Legislative Actions and Implications - The new legislation grants the U.S. more tools to intervene and potentially punish countries or companies that do not align with its interests, creating significant uncertainty in the global supply chain [5]. - This move reflects the U.S.'s urgency to secure its position in critical industries such as renewable energy, semiconductors, and military materials, all of which rely heavily on rare earth elements [3][5]. Group 2: Global Resource Dynamics - The uneven global distribution of rare earth resources complicates the U.S.'s ability to control exports from other nations, as many countries view resource management as a matter of national sovereignty [3][5]. - The legislation could lead to a backlash from resource-rich countries, as it challenges their rights to manage their own resources, potentially destabilizing international trade relations [5][9]. Group 3: Strategic Responses - Countries, particularly resource-rich ones like China, are likely to respond by reinforcing their own export controls and optimizing their resource management strategies, reflecting a broader struggle for global influence [5][7]. - The situation emphasizes the need for countries to balance protecting their strategic interests while maintaining stable supply chains, indicating a complex interplay of economic and political factors [7][9]. Group 4: Future Considerations - The effectiveness of the U.S. legislation remains uncertain, as it may provoke resistance from other nations and complicate the global resource market, highlighting the challenges of unilateral actions [5][10]. - The next steps for the global community will be crucial, as countries must decide whether to compromise or strengthen cooperation against perceived unilateral dominance [9].