格隆汇1月8日｜加拿大商品贸易差额重新转为逆差，因为计算机和电子产品进口增长超过了对美国之外 其他国家的黄金出口激增的影响。加拿大统计局周四公布的数据显示，10月份贸易逆差为5.83亿加元 （4.21亿美元）。市场预计逆差会更大，达到15亿加元。加拿大出口中流向美国的占比降至67.3%，为 自1997年开始有数据以来不含疫情时期的最低水平。10月份对美国的出口下降了3.4%，主要受飞机和 黄金出口下降拖累。加拿大统计局表示，总体而言，当月进口增长3.4%，原因是计算机及计算机零部 件进口创纪录，其中包括来自爱尔兰的处理单元。智能手机、贵金属和工业机械也推动了进口增加。出 口总额增长2.1%，主要由黄金出口拉动，尤其是对英国的出货。10月份未加工黄金以及白银和铂金出 口飙升47.4%。能源出口下降8.4%。 ...

12月30日，基于美国经济分析局的数据，下图列出1949年/1982年/2000年/2025年美国投资总额达到峰值时占比最高的五大行 业。 1949年，美国投资主要集中在支撑快速扩张的工业化经济的行业。农业以12%的投资份额位居榜首，电力、铁路、电信和石 油天然气位列前五。 美股频道更多独家策划、专家专栏，免费查阅>> 责任编辑：山上 1982年，投资重心转向石油天然气，占总投资的11%。电信和房地产也日益受到重视，银行业和电力行业亦跻身前五。 2000年，正值互联网泡沫鼎盛时期，电信业投资占比上升，计算机和电子产品也成为主要投资领域。房地产和银行业同样 占据重要地位。 2025年，信息和数据处理行业占据主导地位，但集中度降低。电力、化工产品和房地产紧随其后，各自占据总投资额的5% 至6%左右。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. manufacturing sector has contracted for nine consecutive months, with the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) dropping from 48.7 to 48.2 in November, indicating ongoing economic challenges due to tariff uncertainties and high production costs [1][4]. Group 1: Manufacturing Activity - The U.S. manufacturing PMI has decreased to 48.2, marking the largest contraction in factory activity in four months and the most significant drop in backlog orders in seven months [1][4]. - The manufacturing sector's contribution to the U.S. economy is approximately 10.1%, with only four industries, including computers and electronics, showing growth, while sectors like apparel and textiles are experiencing severe contractions [5]. Group 2: Impact of Tariffs - The uncertainty surrounding tariffs has led to a decline in customer demand, with manufacturers delaying orders until costs are clearer [4][5]. - Since the Trump administration raised tariffs in April, many U.S. manufacturers have faced increased costs for raw materials sourced from abroad, contributing to the overall economic slowdown [4][5]. Group 3: Industry Sentiment - Manufacturers across various sectors, including wood products and chemicals, report low business confidence, with many only accepting short-term orders and lacking plans for inventory expansion [6]. - The electrical equipment and appliance manufacturers have expressed concerns over "trade chaos," while transportation equipment manufacturers are planning long-term changes due to the evolving tariff environment [6].

Group 1: Gold Market Dynamics - Gold prices surged over 1% on September 2, reaching a historic high of $3539.88 per ounce, closing at $3533.40 per ounce, reflecting a 34.5% increase year-to-date, significantly outperforming other assets [1] - The rise in gold prices is attributed to the weak U.S. economy, trade policy uncertainties, and global geopolitical risks, with investors seeking safe-haven assets amid these challenges [1][4] - The demand for gold is further supported by central bank purchases and diversification away from the U.S. dollar, reinforcing its status as a reliable hedge against economic instability [6][10] Group 2: U.S. Manufacturing Sector - The U.S. manufacturing sector has been in decline for six consecutive months, with the August PMI slightly improving to 48.7 but still below the neutral level of 50, indicating ongoing contraction [3] - High tariff policies implemented by the Trump administration have led to increased costs for manufacturers, negatively impacting profit margins and employment in the sector [3][5] - Factory construction spending fell by 6.7% year-over-year in July, signaling a cooling investment sentiment within the manufacturing industry [3] Group 3: Economic Indicators and Market Reactions - The market anticipates a 90% probability of a 25 basis point rate cut by the Federal Reserve on September 17, with potential discussions for a 50 basis point cut if upcoming non-farm payroll data is weak [7][11] - The uncertainty surrounding tariffs has led to significant declines in stock markets, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropping 0.55% and the S&P 500 down 0.69% at the start of September [5] - Rising U.S. debt levels, now at $37.18 trillion, and concerns over fiscal deficits are contributing to increased yields in the bond market, further driving investors towards gold [5][6] Group 4: Global Economic Context - Global factors, including inflation concerns in the Eurozone and political instability in Japan and the UK, are contributing to a complex risk environment that supports gold's appeal as a safe-haven asset [10] - The interplay of stagnant economic growth and inflationary pressures, described as "stagflation," enhances gold's role as a hedge [10] - The upcoming release of U.S. economic data, including factory orders and job openings, will be critical in shaping market expectations and gold prices [11]

Core Insights - The Kearney Reshoring Index experienced a significant decline in 2024 after two years of strong growth, raising questions about the sustainability of the recent upward trend in U.S. manufacturing [1][4][5] - Despite substantial investments in domestic manufacturing capacity, the growth of U.S. manufacturing output has nearly stagnated following the release of most potential capacity in early 2023 [2][7] - Mexico has benefited from the trend of reshoring, particularly in the automotive and electrical equipment sectors, but faces challenges such as weak infrastructure that limit its ability to absorb more manufacturing demand [1][19] Group 1: Reshoring Index and Manufacturing Output - The U.S. manufacturing reshoring index saw a reversal in 2024, with the manufacturing import ratio (MIR) increasing by 9%, indicating a shift back to reliance on low-cost Asian countries [5][11] - The domestic manufacturing output (MGO) growth rate has slowed to around 1%, significantly lower than the average growth rate of 30% from 2020 to 2022 [10][11] - The increase in imports from low-cost Asian countries, including a rise from $878 billion to $968 billion, highlights the growing dependency on these regions to meet domestic demand [11][14] Group 2: Mexico's Role and Challenges - Mexico remains a key trade partner for the U.S., with exports reaching $457 billion in 2024, but the growth rate has slowed compared to previous years [16][17] - The manufacturing sector in Mexico is facing capacity constraints and infrastructure challenges, particularly in energy supply, which could hinder its ability to attract more manufacturing [19][20] - Labor costs in Mexico have risen by an average of 4% annually over the past two years, reducing its competitive edge against other low-cost countries [19][36] Group 3: U.S. Manufacturing Self-Sufficiency - The U.S. self-sufficiency index has declined as net imports increased by $155 billion while domestic manufacturing output grew by only $260 billion [25][29] - The imbalance between domestic production and imports indicates structural challenges within the U.S. manufacturing sector that need to be addressed for sustainable growth [25][40] - The anticipated increase in imports is driven by manufacturers preparing for potential tariff increases post-election, further complicating the self-sufficiency outlook [29][41] Group 4: Future Outlook and Strategic Considerations - Despite the current challenges, there is a noticeable increase in the intention of U.S. companies to reshore manufacturing, with a 15% rise in CEOs planning to bring back operations within three years [30][31] - The motivations for reshoring are evolving, with geopolitical tensions becoming a significant factor for many CEOs, although cost remains the primary concern [33][36] - To successfully reshore, companies must invest in automation and workforce development while addressing supply chain vulnerabilities [39][40]