南方财经全媒体记者 林汉垚 站在2026年开端回望2025年，保险业在深度调整与主动变革中走过关键一年。 从预定利率动态调整机制落地到"报行合一"向非车险领域深化，从险资入市配套政策不断完善到友邦保险资管等外资独资保险资管公司开业， 一系列重磅政策勾勒出行业在利率下行周期中强化资产负债管理、回归保障本源并服务实体经济的清晰主线。 在南方财经全媒体集团指导下，21世纪经济报道通过对保险行业2025年全年动态的梳理、研究，发布保险行业年度十大新闻，复盘2025年，并 特邀保险行业专家杨本心、北京大学经济学院风险管理与保险学系主任郑伟教授、天职国际金融业咨询合伙人周瑾进行点评，探索保险行业追 求高质量发展的轨迹。 一、预定利率与市场利率挂钩及动态调整机制建立 2025年1月10日，国家金融监管总局向中国保险行业协会及各人身保险公司下发《关于建立预定利率与市场利率挂钩及动态调整机制有关事项 的通知》，提出要建立预定利率与市场利率挂钩及动态调整机制，引导公司强化资产负债联动，科学审慎定价。 《关于建立预定利率与市场利率挂钩及动态调整机制有关事项的通知》表示，中国保险行业协会定期组织人身保险业责任准备金评估利率专家 咨询 ...

Core Viewpoint - The release of the "Guidelines for Expense Allocation of Life Insurance Products" aims to enhance the scientific and rational allocation of expenses in life insurance product pricing, aligning with the "reporting and operation integration" policy [1][2]. Group 1: Background of the Guidelines - The guidelines were introduced in response to increasing demands for expense allocation in life insurance pricing, evaluation, and management, particularly since the implementation of the "reporting and operation integration" policy in 2023 [1]. - The guidelines are designed to improve the scientific and rational nature of expense allocation, thereby enhancing market order in the life insurance sector [1]. Group 2: Main Content of the Guidelines - The guidelines define and categorize expenses into variable and fixed expenses, with variable expenses further divided into those paid to intermediaries or sales personnel and other variable expenses [1]. - The guidelines specify the scope of expense allocation based on the nature and cause of expenses [1]. - The guidelines outline methods for expense collection, recognition, and allocation, emphasizing a principle of "recognition first, allocation later" to ensure a scientific and rational approach [1]. Group 3: Impact on the Industry - The guidelines provide scientific guidance for expense allocation in the life insurance industry, enhancing the rationality of pricing and promoting better implementation of the "reporting and operation integration" policy [2]. - The guidelines are expected to improve expense management levels within insurance companies, leading to refined management practices, increased operational efficiency, and optimized resource allocation [2]. Group 4: Future Work Arrangements - The China Actuarial Association plans to conduct industry training to raise awareness of the importance of refined expense management and improve expense management levels among insurance companies [3]. - The association will continue to monitor and research expense allocation and management practices within the industry to promote fair competition and high-quality development [3].

Core Viewpoint - The "reporting and operation integration" policy is showing positive effects, but its benefits are not one-time and will have a long-tail effect in the insurance industry [1][4]. Group 1: Policy Implementation - The China Actuarial Society has released guidelines for expense allocation in life insurance products, categorizing expenses into variable and fixed costs, with specific exclusions for four types of expenses [2][3]. - The "reporting and operation integration" aims to curb internal competition among insurance companies that leads to underwriting losses through practices like "small accounts" and "rebates" [2][3]. Group 2: Expense Management - The guidelines enhance the scientific and rational management of expense allocation, which is crucial for implementing the "reporting and operation integration" policy effectively [3][4]. - Fixed costs that need to be allocated exclude expenses not directly related to insurance operations, such as investment-related costs and one-time expenses, which helps in more accurate product pricing [3][4]. Group 3: Market Impact - The implementation of the "reporting and operation integration" in the life insurance sector has led to a significant reduction in commission rates, averaging a 30% decrease [4]. - The long-term effects of the policy are expected to improve the operational quality of the life insurance industry and potentially restore sector valuations [4].

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of the "Guidelines for Expense Allocation of Life Insurance Products" aims to enhance the scientific and rational nature of expense allocation in life insurance product pricing, aligning with the "reporting and operation integration" policy [1][2]. Group 1: Background of the Guidelines - The guidelines were developed in response to increasing demands for expense allocation in life insurance pricing, assessment, and management, particularly following the implementation of the "reporting and operation integration" policy in 2023 [2]. Group 2: Main Content of the Guidelines - The guidelines define and categorize expenses, distinguishing between variable expenses and fixed expenses to be allocated. Variable expenses are further divided into those paid to intermediaries or sales personnel and other variable expenses, while fixed expenses include business and management fees [3]. - The guidelines specify the scope of expense allocation based on the nature and cause of expenses [3]. - The guidelines outline methods for expense collection, identification, and allocation, emphasizing a principle of "identification first, allocation later" to ensure scientific and rational expense management [3]. Group 3: Impact on the Industry - The guidelines provide scientific guidance for expense allocation in the life insurance industry, enhancing the rationality of pricing and supporting the implementation of the "reporting and operation integration" policy. This will promote improved expense management, operational efficiency, and resource optimization, ultimately benefiting consumers with better insurance products and services [4]. Group 4: Future Work Arrangements - The China Actuarial Association plans to conduct industry training to raise awareness of the importance of refined expense management and improve insurance companies' expense management levels [5]. - The association will continue to monitor and research expense allocation and management practices within the industry to promote fair competition and high-quality development [5].

Core Viewpoint - The China Actuarial Association has released the "Guidelines for Expense Allocation of Life Insurance Products" to enhance the scientific and rational allocation of expenses in life insurance product pricing, aligning with the "reporting and operation integration" policy [1][2]. Group 1: Guidelines Overview - The guidelines define and categorize expenses related to life insurance business, distinguishing between variable expenses and fixed expenses that need to be allocated [2]. - Variable expenses are further divided into those paid to intermediaries or insurance sales personnel and other variable expenses, while fixed expenses refer to business and management fees excluding variable costs [2]. Group 2: Implementation and Impact - The guidelines specify the scope of expense allocation based on the nature and cause of expenses, providing methods for expense collection, identification, and allocation [2]. - Insurance companies are required to identify exclusive and shared expenses based on actual expenditures and beneficiaries, following the principle of "identify first, allocate later" to conduct expense recognition and allocation scientifically and rationally [2]. - The implementation of these guidelines is expected to improve the pricing of life insurance products, enhance expense management levels, and promote fair competition and high-quality development within the industry [2].

Group 1: Insurance Industry - The China Actuarial Association has released guidelines for the allocation of costs in personal insurance products, aiming to enhance the scientific and rational management of expenses within insurance companies [1] - The guidelines provide definitions, classifications, and allocation methods for costs, supporting the implementation of the "reporting and operation in one" policy [1] Group 2: Banking Sector - A wave of share purchases by shareholders and executives has been observed among A-share listed banks, particularly in city commercial banks and rural commercial banks, indicating confidence in long-term growth prospects [2] - Nanjing Bank and Chengdu Bank have reported significant share purchases by foreign major shareholders and major shareholders, respectively, reflecting a positive outlook for the banking sector [2] - The banking sector is supported by various positive factors, including the willingness of insurance companies, asset management companies, and industrial capital to continue investing [2] Group 3: Financial Asset Investment Companies - China Merchants Bank has received approval for its financial asset investment company, with a registered capital of 15 billion yuan, marking it as the highest initial registered capital for such companies [3] - The establishment of this company is a significant step for China Merchants Bank in responding to national financial reform and supporting the real economy [3] - CITIC Bank's wholly-owned subsidiary has also been approved to operate, with a registered capital of 10 billion yuan, enhancing its capabilities in corporate finance and technology financial services [4] Group 4: Financial Due Diligence - The debt committee of Huaxia Happiness has initiated a financial due diligence process, authorizing Ping An Asset Management to hire a qualified accounting firm for a specialized financial investigation [5] - This due diligence is expected to provide creditors with a clearer understanding of Huaxia Happiness's financial health, potentially impacting the company's debt restructuring efforts [5]

Core Viewpoint - The newly released guidelines by the China Actuarial Association aim to optimize the cost-sharing mechanism in the life insurance industry, transitioning from a "cost-driven" to a "value-driven" sales approach, enhancing long-term service and professional capabilities of intermediaries and sales personnel [1][4][7] Summary by Sections Guidelines Overview - The "Guidelines for Cost Sharing of Life Insurance Products" were published on November 21, focusing on the practical aspects of cost sharing in life insurance products and aligning with the "reporting and operation integration" requirements [1][4] Cost Definitions and Classifications - The guidelines categorize costs into variable costs and fixed costs for sharing, with variable costs including commissions and fees directly related to sales, while fixed costs encompass business and management fees not directly tied to sales [3][5] Exclusions from Cost Sharing - Four types of expenses are explicitly excluded from the cost-sharing framework: non-sales related expenses, asset management and custody fees, costs not directly attributable to insurance contracts, and identifiable non-recurring expenses [3][5] Need for Detailed Cost Sharing Mechanism - The guidelines respond to the increasing demand for a refined cost-sharing mechanism in the life insurance sector, particularly following the implementation of related policies in 2023, which have further regulated market order [4][6] Cost Recognition and Sharing Methods - The guidelines emphasize a "recognition before sharing" principle, detailing methods for cost recognition and sharing, including time survey methods, activity-based methods, and other reasonable approaches [5][6] Long-term Industry Impact - The implementation of these guidelines is expected to lead to a more transparent cost structure, reduce the mixing of non-insurance business costs into product costs, and enhance regulatory traceability of actual expense levels, ultimately promoting fair competition and high-quality development in the industry [5][7]

Investment Rating - The report suggests a focus on three main investment lines, particularly highlighting the potential for significant growth in the securities and insurance sectors [2][4]. Core Insights - The report indicates that the recent merger activities among major securities firms, such as the planned absorption of Dongxing Securities and Xinda Securities by CICC, are expected to enhance industry concentration and catalyze valuation recovery in the brokerage sector [1][43]. - It emphasizes the strong performance of listed brokers in Q3, with a current price-to-book ratio (PB) of 1.34x, recommending brokers with solid fundamentals but mismatched valuations [2]. - The report also highlights the promising growth prospects in the multi-financial sector, particularly for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which is expected to benefit from deepening connectivity and increased activity from A-share companies listing in Hong Kong [2]. Summary by Sections Securities Sector - The report notes a significant merger in the securities industry, with CICC planning to merge with Dongxing Securities and Xinda Securities, which is the third major merger in 2024, following the mergers of Guotai Junan and Haitong Securities, and Guoxin Securities acquiring Wanhe Securities [1]. - It highlights the expected impact of this merger on industry concentration and valuation recovery for the brokerage sector [1]. Insurance Sector - The report discusses the recent guidelines issued by the China Actuarial Society regarding the expense allocation for life insurance products, which aims to enhance the scientific and reasonable pricing of insurance products [3]. - It anticipates a double-digit growth in new premium income in the short term, supported by a decrease in liability costs and improved industry concentration in the long term [4]. - The report recommends focusing on leading insurance companies with strong business quality and low liability costs, as well as those undergoing transformation towards dividend insurance [4]. Market Review - The report provides a market review indicating that the CSI 300 index fell by 3.8%, with the non-bank financial sector declining by 4.4%, underperforming the index [10]. - It notes the performance of various sub-sectors, with securities and insurance stocks experiencing declines of 4.9% and 3.0%, respectively [10]. Data Tracking - The report includes data on brokerage activities, noting a decrease in average daily A-share trading volume to 18,650 billion yuan, a decline of 8.7% [15]. - It also highlights significant growth in the issuance of equity public funds and bond underwriting, with IPO and refinancing raising 902 billion and 8,623 billion yuan, respectively, in October 2025 [15].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight" (maintained) [1] Core Views - The non-bank financial sector is under pressure due to overall market adjustments, with the insurance sector outperforming the CSI 300 index [5] - Insurers are preparing for a positive outlook for the 2026 opening, with improvements in new policies and value rates, supported by stable long-term interest rates [6] - The brokerage sector continues to show high performance, with a focus on undervalued leading brokerages [5] Summary by Sections Insurance - The release of the "Guidelines for Expense Allocation of Life Insurance Products" aims to enhance expense management and improve shareholder value [6] - Insurers are expected to see growth in bank insurance channels and a shift towards dividend insurance, with new health insurance regulations likely increasing product ratios [6] - Long-term interest rates are stabilizing, and the cost of liabilities is expected to decrease, improving the overall profitability of insurers [6] Brokerage - CICC plans to merge with Dongxing Securities and Xinda Securities, aiming for economies of scale and improved shareholder returns [7] - The average daily trading volume of stock funds is reported at 23.3 trillion, reflecting a decrease of 6.6% [7] - The brokerage sector is expected to see significant ROE expansion, with continued low valuations presenting strategic investment opportunities [7] Recommended and Beneficiary Stocks - Recommended stocks include China Life H, Ping An, Huatai Securities, Guotai Junan, and others [8] - Beneficiary stocks include Tonghuashun and Jiufang Zhitu Holdings [8]

Core Viewpoint - The China Actuarial Association has released the "Guidelines for Cost Allocation of Life Insurance Products," aimed at enhancing the scientific and rational nature of cost allocation in life insurance product pricing, in line with government policies for high-quality development in the insurance industry [1][2]. Group 1: Cost Definition and Classification - The guidelines define product costs as expenses incurred by insurance companies in operating life insurance businesses, excluding taxes and additional charges, and categorize them into variable costs and allocated fixed costs [1][2]. - Variable costs are further divided into those paid to intermediaries or insurance sales personnel and other variable costs, while allocated fixed costs refer to business and management fees that need to be allocated to products [2]. Group 2: Cost Allocation Scope and Methods - The guidelines specify the scope of cost allocation based on the reasons for incurring costs and their nature [3]. - They outline methods for collecting, recognizing, and allocating costs, emphasizing a principle of "recognition first, allocation later," to ensure a scientific and rational approach to cost recognition and allocation in insurance products [3]. - The guidelines provide a unified standard for cost allocation in the industry, promoting better cost management and refined operations for insurance companies, which can lead to more accurate product pricing and reduced price irregularities in the market [3].