增加地方自主财力正成为新一轮财税改革的重点。 近期公布的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》在部署财政工作时，要 求"增加地方自主财力"。 地方自主财力是一个比较新的说法。去年7月份党的二十届三中全会首次提出"增加地方自主财力，拓展 地方税源，适当扩大地方税收管理权限"。 对于究竟什么是"地方自主财力"，西南财经大学财政税务学院院长李建军教授对第一财经表示，"地方 财力"是地方政府能够使用的全部财政资金总和，而"地方自主财力"是地方财力中地方可自主调配的部 分，比如增值税等中央与地方共享税种中的地方分成部分，房产税等归属于地方税种，以及归属于地方 的非税收入，包含各类收费、土地出让收入等。 那么，为何要增加地方自主财力？国家在增加地方自主财力方面究竟有哪些动作？未来还会有哪些改革 举措？第一财经记者近日采访多方专家，以帮助大家清晰了解这一财税改革重点。 核心是"自主" 财政部11月份公开文件称，今年上半年统筹考虑央地收入划分、征管能力等因素，加快推进部分品目消 费税征收环节后移并下划地方改革。 "像中央对地方专项转移支付收入，它属于地方财力，但由于有指定用途，就不属于地方自主财力。中 ...

近期，《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（下称"十五五"规划建议）全文对外公开。其中在部署财 政工作时，要求"增加地方自主财力"。 地方自主财力是一个比较新的说法。去年7月份党的二十届三中全会首次提出了"增加地方自主财力，拓展地方税源，适当扩大地方 税收管理权限"。 那么，究竟什么是地方自主财力？为何要增加地方自主财力？在过去一年多时间里，国家在增加地方自主财力方面又究竟有了哪些 动作？未来还会有哪些改革举措？ 在基层财政收支矛盾不断加大之下，增加地方自主财力正成为新一轮财税改革重点。 地方自主财力增加举措逐步落地 过去业内常见的说法是地方财力、地方可用财力或地方可支配财力，中央提出的"地方自主财力"是一个新说法。 西南财经大学财政税务学院院长李建军教授告诉第一财经，地方财力是地方政府能够运用的全部财政资金总和，而地方自主财力是 地方财力中地方可自主调配的部分，比如增值税等中央与地方共享税种中的地方分成部分，房产税等归属于地方税种，归属于地方 的非税收入，如各类收费、土地出让收入等。 "像中央对地方专项转移支付收入，它属于地方财力，但由于有指定用途，就不属于地方自主财力。中央对地方一 ...

在基层财政收支矛盾不断加大之下，增加地方自主财力正成为新一轮财税改革重点。 近期，《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（下称"十五五"规划建议） 全文对外公开。其中在部署财政工作时，要求"增加地方自主财力"。 地方自主财力是一个比较新的说法。去年7月份党的二十届三中全会首次提出了"增加地方自主财力，拓 展地方税源，适当扩大地方税收管理权限"。 那么，究竟什么是地方自主财力？为何要增加地方自主财力？在过去一年多时间里，国家在增加地方自 主财力方面又究竟有了哪些动作？未来还会有哪些改革举措？ 地方自主财力增加举措逐步落地 过去业内常见的说法是地方财力、地方可用财力或地方可支配财力，中央提出的"地方自主财力"是一个 新说法。 西南财经大学财政税务学院院长李建军教授告诉第一财经，地方财力是地方政府能够运用的全部财政资 金总和，而地方自主财力是地方财力中地方可自主调配的部分，比如增值税等中央与地方共享税种中的 地方分成部分，房产税等归属于地方税种，归属于地方的非税收入，如各类收费、土地出让收入等。 "像中央对地方专项转移支付收入，它属于地方财力，但由于有指定用途，就不属于地方自主财力。中 央对地 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report emphasizes the acceleration of new growth momentum in China's economy through enhanced fiscal policies, support for innovation, and investment in key industries, while ensuring the stability of employment and market expectations [1][3]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth - The fiscal policy is increasingly proactive, focusing on stabilizing employment, businesses, and market expectations, while promoting economic recovery [3][4]. - A total of 300 billion yuan in special bonds is allocated to support the replacement of consumer goods, which is expected to stimulate significant retail sales [4][15]. - The central government plans to increase its technology funding to 398.12 billion yuan in 2025, a 10% increase from the previous year, focusing on core technology and strategic industries [5][21]. Group 2: Investment and Consumption - The government aims to enhance domestic demand by boosting consumption and effective investment, with a focus on key sectors and weak links [13][16]. - The issuance of special bonds has accelerated, with 5.55 billion yuan issued in the first half of the year, completing 42.7% of the annual target [16]. - The manufacturing sector is expected to see a 10.3% increase in industrial investment, driven by government support for technological upgrades [17]. Group 3: Employment and Social Welfare - The central government allocated 667.4 billion yuan for employment support, with 6.95 million new urban jobs created in the first half of the year [27][28]. - Education spending increased by 5.9% to 2.15 trillion yuan, with a focus on improving quality and access to education [29][30]. - Basic public health service funding reached 804.35 billion yuan, enhancing health management and disease prevention efforts [32][33]. Group 4: Risk Management and Financial Stability - The government is implementing measures to mitigate financial risks, including the management of local government debt and the promotion of real estate market stability [7][9]. - A comprehensive approach to fiscal management is being adopted, including reforms in tax systems and budget execution to ensure effective use of resources [7][12]. Group 5: Innovation and Technology - The report highlights the importance of integrating technological innovation with industrial development, with a focus on enhancing research capabilities and supporting key technology projects [20][21]. - Funding for basic research is set to increase by 12.1%, emphasizing the need for original innovation and support for research institutions [21][22]. Group 6: Environmental and Social Development - The government is committed to ecological protection and sustainable development, with significant funding allocated for pollution control and ecosystem restoration [38][39]. - Social welfare programs are being expanded, with increased support for vulnerable populations and efforts to improve living standards [34][35].

Core Insights - Guangdong province is undergoing significant fiscal reform aimed at increasing local financial autonomy by adjusting the revenue-sharing ratio between provincial and municipal governments, resulting in a notable decrease in provincial budget revenue [2][6]. Fiscal Adjustments - The initial budget for Guangdong's provincial general public budget revenue was reduced from 315.3 billion to 239.18 billion, a decrease of 76.12 billion [2]. - The reform allows municipalities to retain a larger share of revenue, leading to increased local fiscal capacity [2][6]. Municipal Revenue Growth - Guangzhou's public budget revenue for the first three quarters reached 163.21 billion, an increase of 17.67 billion or approximately 12% compared to the previous year, significantly outpacing the national growth rate of 1.8% [3]. - Other cities in Guangdong, such as Dongguan and Huizhou, also reported substantial revenue growth, with increases of 12.3% and 13.7% respectively [4]. Revenue Sharing Details - The revenue-sharing adjustment primarily affects shared taxes, including VAT, corporate income tax, personal income tax, and land value-added tax, which were previously split evenly between the province and municipalities [4]. - The reduction in provincial revenue includes approximately 45.71 billion from VAT, 14.76 billion from corporate income tax, and 6.11 billion from personal income tax [4]. Impact on Budget Balancing - The adjustment resulted in an increase of 75.046 billion in municipal contributions to the provincial budget, effectively offsetting the 76.12 billion reduction in provincial revenue, leading to a net decrease of only 1.074 billion in the provincial budget [6]. - The reform aims to alleviate the financial pressures faced by local governments, particularly in maintaining essential services and operations [6][7]. Broader Fiscal Strategy - The fiscal reform is part of a broader strategy to address regional development imbalances and enhance the financial capabilities of local governments, encouraging them to take a more active role in financial management [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant reform in Guangdong Province's fiscal policy aimed at increasing local financial autonomy by adjusting the revenue-sharing ratio between provincial and municipal governments, resulting in a notable decrease in provincial budget revenue and an increase in local government revenues [3][4][9]. Summary by Sections Fiscal Revenue Adjustment - Guangdong's provincial budget revenue was revised down from 315.3 billion to 239.18 billion yuan, a reduction of 76.12 billion yuan [3][4]. - The adjustment is linked to a change in the revenue-sharing ratio between the provincial and municipal levels, allowing municipalities to retain more revenue [3][5]. Impact on Local Governments - Cities like Guangzhou saw a significant increase in fiscal revenue, with a 12% year-on-year growth in general public budget revenue, totaling 163.21 billion yuan for the first three quarters [4]. - The increase in local revenues is primarily due to the provincial government allowing municipalities to keep more of the shared tax revenues, with Guangzhou's revenue increase attributed to approximately 12% growth compared to a national average of 1.8% [4][5]. Tax Revenue Breakdown - The reduction in provincial revenue includes a decrease of approximately 45.71 billion yuan in value-added tax, 14.76 billion yuan in corporate income tax, and 6.11 billion yuan in personal income tax, among others [5][8]. - The reform specifically affects "incremental" revenues, meaning that existing revenue bases remain unchanged, with municipalities expected to remit 75.046 billion yuan back to the provincial level [8][9]. Long-term Implications - The reform aims to alleviate the financial pressures on local governments, particularly concerning basic public services and operational costs, while maintaining the overall fiscal structure [9][10]. - Over time, this policy is expected to gradually enhance local financial capabilities, benefiting local governments in attracting investments and assessing fiscal health [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has not ruled out the possibility of increasing income tax, national insurance, or VAT in the upcoming budget, indicating a potential breach of significant commitments made by the Labour Party during the last election [1][2] Group 1: Tax Policy Implications - Starmer's recent comments suggest a shift in the Labour Party's stance on tax commitments, which could impact the Chancellor's ability to manage the budget effectively [1] - The freezing of income tax thresholds could lead to more individuals being pushed into higher tax brackets due to nominal wage increases, resulting in higher tax payments without real income growth [2] - The Resolution Foundation has proposed a tax strategy that involves lowering employee national insurance by 2 percentage points while increasing the basic income tax rate by the same amount, potentially generating an additional £6 billion for the Treasury [3] Group 2: Economic Context - The Office for Budget Responsibility has downgraded its productivity forecasts for the UK economy, which could result in a public finance hit exceeding £20 billion (approximately $26 billion) [2] - The Chancellor may face a fiscal gap of up to £35 billion due to costly policy reversals and higher borrowing costs, complicating efforts to restore the previous £9.9 billion "error buffer" [2]

Core Insights - The implementation of a comprehensive set of incremental policies since September 26 last year has led to a steady recovery in both invoice sales and tax revenue growth, indicating a positive trend in the economy [1] Group 1: Economic Performance - The growth rate of national enterprise sales revenue has shown a steady increase from 0.4% in Q3 of last year to 4.4% in Q3 of this year, reflecting an overall improvement in economic operations [1] - Tax revenue has turned positive after seven consecutive months of negative growth, with a continuous positive growth trend for eight months since February this year, showing a month-on-month increase [1] Group 2: Industry and Tax Revenue - The manufacturing sector has seen a year-on-year tax revenue growth of 5.4%, accounting for 31% of total tax revenue and 48% of total revenue increase, highlighting its significant stabilizing role [1] - Domestic value-added tax has increased by 3.2% year-on-year, indicating improved business operations, while corporate income tax has grown by 4.1%, reflecting the improving profitability of certain industries [1]

Core Viewpoint - Individual businesses are injecting vitality and innovation into the market, supported by favorable tax policies from the government, which provide a low-threshold and high-autonomy platform for entrepreneurship [1] Tax Composition - Value-added Tax (VAT) for small-scale taxpayers is set at a reduced rate of 1% for taxable sales under 5 million yuan until the end of 2027, with exemptions for monthly sales under 100,000 yuan [3] - Additional taxes, including local education and urban maintenance taxes, are halved under the "six taxes and two fees" policy, resulting in minimal tax burden [4] - Personal business income tax is the most significant tax affecting individual businesses, with two assessment methods: bookkeeping and simplified assessment [5] Differences Between Assessment Methods - Bookkeeping assessment is used in economically developed areas, taxing actual profits at a progressive rate of 5%-35%, requiring complete accounting records [7] - Simplified assessment is for smaller businesses without proper bookkeeping, where tax is determined based on industry average profit rates, regardless of actual profitability [9] Tax Incentives - Some regions have established tax support zones where individual businesses with annual sales under 4.5 million yuan can have a personal income tax rate as low as 0.5%, leading to a comprehensive tax rate starting at 1.56% [10] - Individual businesses with monthly sales under 100,000 yuan and annual sales under 1.2 million yuan can apply for tax exemptions, achieving a total tax rate of 0% [10] Conclusion - Business operators are encouraged to understand applicable policies based on their operational scale and industry characteristics to benefit from tax incentives while ensuring business authenticity [12]

Summary of Key Points 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report The fiscal revenue growth rate continues to improve, with an enhanced contribution from tax revenues. The overall fiscal expenditure progress is slow, but the decline in infrastructure - related expenditures has narrowed. Government - funded funds show a divergence between revenue and expenditure, with revenue lagging behind expenditure. In the fourth quarter, the implementation of incremental fiscal funds will help the economy operate smoothly, and more incremental policies are still expected [3][4][5]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Fiscal Revenue Growth Rate Continues to Improve, Tax Revenue Contribution Increases - The growth rate of general public budget revenue from January to September reached 0.5%, 0.2 percentage points higher than the previous value, and improved for three consecutive months. The central government's monthly revenue growth rate improved significantly, and the decline in cumulative growth rate narrowed to - 1.2%, while local fiscal revenue maintained positive growth at a cumulative rate of 1.8%. The fiscal revenue growth rate was slightly higher than the annual budget target by 0.1%, but the completion progress was 74.5%, lower than the historical average [11]. - Tax revenue growth significantly supported the improvement of fiscal revenue, while non - tax revenue growth declined sharply, turning into a negative drag on revenue growth. From January to September, the cumulative year - on - year growth rate of tax revenue was 0.7%, reaching the highest value of the year. Non - tax revenue had negative single - month growth for five consecutive months, and the cumulative growth rate turned slightly negative at - 0.4% [17]. - In terms of tax revenue structure, VAT, corporate income tax, domestic consumption tax, individual income tax, and stamp duty all showed positive growth, while land and real - estate - related tax revenue decline was narrowing [18]. 3.2 Overall Expenditure Progress is Slow, Decline in Infrastructure - Related Expenditure Narrows - From January to September, the year - on - year growth rate of fiscal expenditure was 3.1%, the same as the previous value and lower than the annual budget target of 4.4%. The central government's expenditure growth rate dropped to a new low of 7.3% for the year, while the local government's expenditure growth rate was 2.4%, 0.1 percentage points higher than the previous value. The general public budget expenditure completion progress from January to September was 70.1%, the lowest in the past five years [20]. - In terms of expenditure structure, people's livelihood - related expenditures remained the focus, and infrastructure - related expenditures improved. Social security and employment expenditures maintained a growth rate of 10%, and infrastructure - related expenditures such as energy conservation and environmental protection and transportation had a growth rate close to 20% for two consecutive months [21]. 3.3 Government - Funded Funds' Revenue and Expenditure Diverge, Revenue Lags Behind Expenditure - From January to September, the government - funded funds' revenue decreased by 0.5% year - on - year, lower than the annual budget growth target of 0.7%. The decline in land transfer fees was the main reason for the negative growth. The government - funded funds' expenditure increased by 23.9% year - on - year, higher than the annual budget target of 23.1%. The revenue completion progress was 49.1%, and the expenditure completion progress was 60% [25]. - The issuance of local government special bonds accelerated, with the completion progress of new special bonds in September reaching about 83.6%, still slow in a five - year perspective [25]. 3.4 Incremental Funds are Implemented to Fill Gaps and Expand Investment In September, the National Development and Reform Commission established a new policy - based financial instrument worth 500 billion yuan, and the Agricultural Development Bank of China has disbursed nearly 100 billion yuan. On October 17, the Ministry of Finance issued another 500 billion yuan in carry - over quotas. The implementation of incremental funds will help expand investment and support the stable operation of the economy in the fourth quarter. More incremental policies are still expected [5][30].