东方金诚宏观研究 7 月财政收入端有所改善，支出端继续发力 —— 2025 年 7 月财政数据点评 分析师：瞿瑞 冯琳 事件：财政部公布的数据显示，2025 年 7 月，全国一般公共预算收入同比增长 2.7%， 6 月为-0.3%；7 月全国一般公共预算支出同比增长 3.0%，6 月为 0.4%；1-7 月全国政府性 基金收入累计同比下降 0.7%，1-6 月为-2.4%；1-7 月全国政府性基金支出累计同比增长 31.7%，1-6 月为 30.0%。 主要观点：7 月广义财政收入同比增速从上月的 2.8%继续加快至 3.6%，广义财政支 出同比增速则较上月回落 5.5 个百分点至 12.1%，但处于两位数增长，显示收入端延续改 善，支出端则体现财政发力特征。往后看，下半年财政将继续发力支撑支出端，尤其是在 基建投资类。一方面，在上半年用于隐债置换的地方政府再融资专项债集中发行后，下半 年用于项目建设的地方政府新增专项债将大规模发行；另一方面，预计下半年有可能上调 支持"两重"投资的超长期特别国债发行规模，用于项目建设的地方政府新增专项债和国 企稳增长扩投资专项债发行额度也可能上调。另外，由于今年上半年财政前 ...

宏观经济点评 证券研究报告 2025年08月22 日 董利 分析师 Email:dongli@lczg.com 证书:S1320525070001 陈国文 分析师 Email:chenguowen@lczg.com 证书:S1320524070001 投资要点: 财政收入增速转正,但预算完成进度偏慢。1-7月一般公共预算收入同比增速 0.1%, 结束年初以来负增长态势。7月单月增速达2.6%,创年内新高。其中,中央和地方 收入月度增速均达到今年以来新高。但从节奏看,一般公共预算收入完成进度偏慢。 7月财政数据点评:收入显著改善,支出加力保民生 7月外贸数据点评:出口增速超预期 2025.08.08 内消费税增幅扩大。消费税增速上升与社零消费保持韧性相一致,主要得益于消费 税基扩围。(3)个人所得税增速提高,增幅较大。个税提升与低基数、权益市场上 涨股息派增等因素有关。(4)土地与房地产、外贸相关税种表现仍欠佳。土地增值 税和契税增速仍处负增区间,印证土地与房地产市场不景气。出口退税增速下降, 关税增速仍落入负增区间。 财政支出总量平稳,支出结构显著分化。1-7月一般公共预算支出同比增速为3.4%, 与前值持平 ...

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating for the Industry No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report The fiscal data in July continued to show a warming trend. The improvement on the tax side led to a slight acceleration in narrow - fiscal spending, while broad - fiscal spending maintained resilience supported by special bonds for bank capital injection and ultra - long - term special bonds. Based on the current progress, it is estimated that the fiscal strength in the second half of the year can achieve a smooth continuation, and the probability of supplementing fiscal funds through additional bond issuance within the year is low [1][8]. 3. Summary by Relevant Sections Tax Revenue Situation - In July 2025, the national general budget revenue increased by 2.7% year - on - year, with significant tax contribution. Tax revenue increased by 5.0% year - on - year, 4 percentage points higher than the previous value, while non - tax revenue decreased by 12.9% year - on - year, with negative growth for three consecutive months and an expanding decline. The total general budget revenue from January to July increased by 0.1% year - on - year, reaching the annual budget target and completing about 62% of the annual budget, faster than the same period last year. In July, central fiscal revenue increased by 2.2% year - on - year, and local fiscal revenue increased by 3.1% year - on - year [1][2]. - In terms of tax structure, major tax items generally showed high year - on - year growth. Personal income tax and consumption tax increased by 13.9% and 5.4% respectively in July, with their cumulative year - on - year growth from January to July being 8.8% and 2.1%. Corporate income tax increased by 6.4% year - on - year in July. VAT increased by 4.3% year - on - year in July, showing a slight decline but overall remaining stable. Most real - estate - related taxes saw a decline in growth, while securities trading stamp duty increased significantly by 125.4% year - on - year in July [3][4]. General Budget Expenditure - In July, general public budget expenditure increased by 3.0% year - on - year, 2.7 percentage points higher than the previous value. The cumulative year - on - year growth from January to July was 3.4%, 1 percentage point away from the annual target. The main driving force for expenditure was on the livelihood front, such as social security and employment, health, and education, while infrastructure - related expenditure remained in the negative range, and science - related expenditure turned negative [4]. Government - Fund Revenue - In July, national government - fund revenue increased by 8.9% year - on - year, with a marginal slowdown in growth. The cumulative year - on - year decline from January to July further narrowed to 0.7%, and the annual budget target is 0.7%. The cumulative year - on - year decline in state - owned land use right transfer revenue narrowed to 4.6%. The government - fund revenue in the first half of the year completed about 37% of the annual progress, significantly faster than the same period last year [6]. Government - Fund Expenditure - In July, national government - fund expenditure increased by 42.4% year - on - year, still at a high level although it declined compared to the previous value. The cumulative year - on - year growth in the first half of the year was 31.7%, above the annual budget target of 23.1%. The budget completion progress of government - fund expenditure for the whole year was about 43%, faster than the same period in previous years. The combined broad - fiscal deficit of the two accounts in the first seven months reached 5.6 trillion, 1.8 trillion higher than the same period last year [7]. Overall Fiscal Outlook - The first - account target is expected to be achieved, while the second - account may have a small gap. Assuming the annual growth rate of the second - account revenue is around - 5%, there may be a revenue gap of about 300 - 50 billion by the end of the year. However, government - fund revenue and expenditure are not rigid requirements, and the expected 500 - billion - yuan policy - based financial instruments can basically offset the gap [8].

2025.08.22 本文字数：1631，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 |第一财经 陈益刊 更加积极财政政策陆续落地，推动经济平稳运行。 根据财政部最新数据，今年前7个月广义财政（全国一般公共预算和全国政府性基金预算）收入合计约 15.9万亿元，与去年同期基本持平。广义财政支出约21.5万亿元，同比增长约9.3%。广义财政支出超出 收入约5.6万亿元，同比增长约47%。 根据中国人民银行数据，今年前7个月，政府债券净融资8.9万亿元，同比增4.88万亿元。 财政支出规模及结构是衡量财政政策扩张程度的重要指标。今年前7个月广义财政支出增速（9.3%）明 显高于经济增速（上半年国内生产总值同比增长5.3%），折射出更加积极财政政策的落地。 中国银河证券首席宏观分析师张迪认为，整体来看，前7个月财政数据总量和结构基本延续持续改善趋 势。在土地收入维持平稳、印花税（含证券交易印花税）大幅增长情形下，7月广义财政收入增速改 善、回暖。在政府债发行前置下，广义财政支出力度加快上行，对经济增长起到了重要支撑。 今年以来，广义财政收入降幅持续缩窄，直至今年前7个月这一数据与去年同期持平。这主要得益于税 收收入和地方政府土地出让收 ...

Revenue Insights - In July, general public budget revenue reached 2.03 trillion, marking a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, the first positive growth since the beginning of the year[3] - Monthly revenue growth rebounded significantly by 3.0 percentage points to a new high of 2.6%[3] - Tax revenue increased by 4.0 percentage points to 5.0%, the highest monthly figure since December of the previous year[3] Tax Contributions - The contribution of stamp duty saw a notable improvement, significantly influenced by favorable capital market performance in July[3] - Non-tax revenue continued to decline, with a year-on-year drop of 12.9%, exacerbating the overall revenue growth pressure[3] - Value-added tax contribution fell by 0.1 percentage points, highlighting ongoing domestic demand weakness and low inflation impact on corporate revenues[3] Fiscal Expenditure and Gaps - Fiscal expenditure in July rose by 2.7 percentage points to 3.0%, with most major expenditure areas showing varying degrees of increase[12] - The budget revenue-expenditure gap narrowed slightly to 2.49 trillion, but remains substantial, necessitating continued government bond financing[12] - Cumulative fiscal deficit from January to July expanded by 1.83 trillion, with government debt financing reaching 67.1% of the annual plan, significantly higher than the previous two years[26] Real Estate and Land Revenue - Government fund budget revenue fell sharply by 11.9% year-on-year to 8.9%, primarily due to a 14.7% drop in land transfer revenue[18] - The contribution of land transfer revenue to government fund budget revenue decreased by 11.1 percentage points to 5.3%[18] - The real estate market remains unstable, with significant imbalances in housing price-to-income ratios in major cities, affecting land market activity[18] Future Outlook - If domestic and external demand continues to decline, there is a pressing need for the central government to adopt a more aggressive fiscal expansion strategy[26] - The potential impact of new tariffs from the U.S. on exports necessitates ongoing monitoring of economic indicators[26] - The overall economic environment suggests that substantial improvements in fiscal revenue are unlikely in the coming months[3]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Finance announced an increase in funding for special education schools, raising the per-student subsidy from 6,000 yuan to 7,000 yuan, benefiting approximately 910,000 disabled students [1] - Recent policies indicate a shift in fiscal spending towards improving people's livelihoods, with more resources being allocated to education and employment support [1] - The Ministry of Finance aims to enhance the "people's livelihood" aspect of fiscal arrangements, ensuring a safety net for citizens and improving their sense of well-being [1] Group 2 - In the first half of the year, national public budget expenditure reached 14.13 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.4% [2] - Looking ahead to the second half of 2025, a more proactive fiscal policy is expected to maintain spending strength, positively impacting consumption and investment [2] - The issuance of new special bonds is anticipated to accelerate in the third quarter, aligning with the government's directive to expedite bond issuance [2]

Group 1 - In July, national general public budget revenue showed a significant recovery, with a year-on-year growth of 2.6%, marking the highest monthly growth rate of the year [1] - For the first seven months, national general public budget revenue reached 135,839 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 0.1%, indicating a positive turnaround compared to the first half of the year [1] - Tax revenue in July increased by 5%, the highest this year, contributing to a significant narrowing of the revenue decline in the first seven months [2] Group 2 - The corporate income tax decreased by 0.4% in the first seven months, but the decline was significantly reduced by 1.5 percentage points compared to the first half, contributing to the growth of tax revenue in July [2] - The securities transaction stamp tax saw a year-on-year increase of 62.5%, reflecting a recovery in market confidence [2] Group 3 - The equipment manufacturing and modern service industries showed strong tax revenue performance, with specific sectors like railway, shipbuilding, and aerospace equipment seeing tax revenue growth of 33% [3] - General public budget expenditure for the first seven months reached 160,737 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 3.4%, maintaining a focus on social welfare spending [3] Group 4 - Local government special bonds and other financial instruments contributed to a government fund budget expenditure growth of 31.7%, with 2.89 trillion yuan spent in the first seven months [4] - Infrastructure investment growth is expected to rebound in the second half of the year due to sufficient project and funding support [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recovery of tax revenue in July, highlighting a 4% year-on-year increase, while non-tax revenue continues to decline, indicating a reduced reliance on non-tax income by the government [1][5]. Revenue Analysis - In the first seven months, general public budget revenue increased by 0.1% year-on-year, meeting the initial budget target, with tax revenue showing a cumulative decline of 0.3%, leaving room for improvement towards the annual target of 3.7% [1][5]. - The four major tax categories performed strongly, with personal income tax rising by 13.9% year-on-year, significantly exceeding seasonal levels, attributed to factors such as a strong equity market and improved tax collection management [10][11]. - Corporate income tax showed a cumulative decline of 0.4% year-on-year, reflecting low corporate profitability amid low PPI levels, although July saw a monthly increase of 6.4% [10][11]. - Domestic consumption tax increased by 5.4% year-on-year, influenced by previous adjustments in consumption tax policies for automobiles [10][11]. - Stamp duty on securities transactions surged by 58% year-on-year in July, marking a significant increase [10][11]. Expenditure Analysis - In July, general public budget expenditure rose by 3.0% year-on-year, driven primarily by social security, health care, and debt servicing, while infrastructure spending declined by 3.6% [2][12]. - Cumulative expenditure from January to July increased by 3.4% year-on-year, slightly below the budget target of 4.4%, indicating a slower spending pace compared to the previous year [2][12]. - The increase in fiscal deposits is attributed to the front-loaded issuance of government bonds, which has allowed for smoother expenditure patterns and potential recovery in fiscal spending growth in the coming months [2][12]. Land Revenue and Market Trends - Land transfer revenue in July grew by 7.2% year-on-year, although cumulative growth for the year narrowed to -4.6% [3][18]. - High-frequency data indicates a 31.5% year-on-year decline in land transfer revenue for residential land in 300 cities in the first half of August, primarily influenced by first- and second-tier cities [3][18]. - The government is expected to implement strong measures to stabilize the real estate market, which may impact future fiscal policies and land revenue [3][18]. Infrastructure Investment Insights - Weak infrastructure investment in June and July is identified as a macroeconomic characteristic, potentially leading to looser narrow liquidity conditions [4][21]. - The government has emphasized the need to accelerate effective investment and the disbursement of new policy financial tools, which is likely to support construction activity in the latter half of the year [4][21].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the mixed performance of China's public budget revenue and expenditure in the first seven months of the year, with a slight increase in local revenue but a decline in central revenue [1][2] - National general public budget revenue reached 135839 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, while the central budget revenue was 58538 billion yuan, down 2% [1] - Tax revenue for the same period was 110933 billion yuan, a decrease of 0.3%, while non-tax revenue was 24906 billion yuan, an increase of 2% [2] Group 2 - Total public budget expenditure was 160737 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 3.4%, with central expenditure at 23327 billion yuan, up 8.8% [2] - Specific areas of expenditure such as social security and employment, education, and health saw significant increases of 9.8%, 5.7%, and 5.3% respectively [3] - Government fund budget revenue was 23124 billion yuan, down 0.7%, with local government fund revenue declining by 1.8% [5] Group 3 - Analysts suggest that fiscal policy is expected to strengthen in the second half of the year, emphasizing the need for timely implementation of existing policies and the introduction of new measures [5] - Recommendations include accelerating local debt issuance, considering the issuance of special government bonds, and enhancing investment in human capital to boost consumption [5][6] - The focus areas for fiscal support include increasing transfer income for residents, promoting consumption through trade-in programs, and accelerating public spending in technology and infrastructure [6]

Loan and Financing Data - New social financing (社融) in July was 11,600 billion CNY, a year-on-year increase of 3,893 billion CNY, but below the market expectation of 14,100 billion CNY[1] - New RMB loans turned negative at -500 billion CNY, a decline of 3,100 billion CNY year-on-year, marking the first negative value since July 2005[1] - The scale of new government bonds reached 12,440 billion CNY in July, an increase of 5,559 billion CNY year-on-year, contributing significantly to new social financing[2] Economic Demand and Loan Trends - New loans to the real economy fell sharply to -4,263 billion CNY, setting a historical low since data collection began[2] - New household loans were -4,893 billion CNY, a decrease of 2,793 billion CNY year-on-year, indicating weak consumer demand[3] - New corporate loans were 600 billion CNY, with short-term loans at -5,500 billion CNY and medium to long-term loans at -2,600 billion CNY, the latter marking the first negative value since August 2016[4] Financial Market Insights - M1 money supply grew by 5.6% year-on-year, exceeding the expected 5.3%, but this growth is attributed to a low base effect rather than active deposit mobilization[5] - Non-bank financial institutions saw an increase in deposits by 2,100 billion CNY, while household deposits decreased by 1,100 billion CNY, suggesting a shift of funds from banks to non-bank entities[6] - The overall financial data for July indicates a slow recovery in demand, necessitating potential monetary easing measures to stimulate economic activity[6]