Core Viewpoint - The author Charles Mann argues that globalization is an inevitable historical result driven by multiple factors, and that economic decoupling and trade disruptions cannot reverse the established reality of globalization [1]. Group 1: Historical Context of Globalization - The rise of the Ottoman Empire in the mid-15th century disrupted traditional trade routes between Europe and Asia, prompting Europeans to seek new maritime trade routes, leading to Columbus's accidental discovery of the Americas [2]. - The moment Europeans set foot in the Americas marked the beginning of globalization, with immediate effects such as the exchange of species, notably the introduction of crops like potatoes and tobacco to Europe, which significantly altered local diets and social customs [3]. Group 2: Impact on China and Global Trade - China was also influenced by globalization, with crops like sweet potatoes, corn, and chili peppers spreading from coastal regions to inland areas, becoming staples in local diets [4]. - The demand for luxury goods such as porcelain, silk, and tea from China led to an influx of silver, which became a crucial currency in the late Ming Dynasty, although a subsequent silver shortage was exacerbated by global events [4]. Group 3: Modern Globalization Dynamics - Globalization has evolved from its tumultuous beginnings to a more peaceful phase characterized by multinational trade, cultural exchange, and international cooperation on key issues like climate change, leading to a "homogeneous world" where humanity forms a community of shared destiny [5]. - Despite recent setbacks in economic globalization due to rising unilateralism and protectionism, the overall trend since the turn of the millennium has been a steady increase in global wealth, benefiting many countries and regions [5]. Group 4: Socioeconomic Implications - The prosperity and stability of the world cannot be built on the foundation of increasing inequality; those who reject globalization risk being left behind [6].

Core Viewpoint - The training program aims to enhance the e-commerce operational capabilities of village officials in Guangning County, promoting local high-quality agricultural products to urban markets [1][3]. Group 1: Training Objectives and Content - The training focuses on four core topics: "Rural Revitalization through E-commerce," "Establishing Symbiotic Alliance Organizations," "Strategies for Selling Quality Agricultural Products," and "Increasing Income through E-commerce for Idle Labor" [4]. - The program is designed based on prior research conducted by a team from Guangdong University of Finance, which identified key challenges in local e-commerce development, including weak talent operation capabilities, limited supply chains, and difficulties in customer acquisition [4]. Group 2: Expert Insights and Practical Applications - The founder of Shengben New Marketing elaborated on the innovative model of "Symbiotic Alliance Organization," emphasizing the importance of building an industry ecosystem that integrates resources and complements advantages [6]. - A practical solution for activating idle rural labor resources was shared, highlighting the use of private domain operations and community group buying as effective methods to enhance income [9]. Group 3: Collaborative Framework and Future Directions - The training established a comprehensive e-commerce empowerment system through collaboration among government, academia, and enterprises, providing a full-spectrum solution for Guangning's e-commerce development [10]. - The initiative represents an important innovation in deepening "government-university-enterprise" cooperation, transitioning from policy-driven support to sustainable industry development, with plans to accelerate the construction of the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Vegetable Basket Zhaoqing Sub-center" [10].

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Core Perspective - The book "Crop Migrations in World Civilization" explores the historical context of crop migrations as a significant aspect of human civilization, emphasizing their role in economic exchange and cultural dissemination [2][3][4] Group 1: Historical Context and Significance - Crops serve as witnesses to cross-regional exchanges, revealing the economic, social, and cultural factors behind their migrations, thus linking crop movements to the development of world history [2][3] - The concept of "crop landscape" is central to the book, highlighting the organic combination of crops and related elements (such as planting techniques, market demand, and cultural values) in specific times and places [2] Group 2: Case Studies and Examples - The book presents various crop migration stories, such as the journey of the date palm from ancient Sumer to modern California, illustrating how crops connect different civilizations across time and space [2] - Specific examples like yam from the Trobriand Islands, sweet potato from the New Guinea Highlands, and cassava from the Amazon basin demonstrate the crucial role of these tuber crops in local food sources and cultural identity [3] Group 3: Interactions and Influences - The migration of crops also facilitated the spread of related agricultural techniques, dietary cultures, and religious beliefs, promoting mutual exchange among different civilizations [3] - The book emphasizes the role of "non-human actors" in crop migrations, such as the impact of pathogens on rubber cultivation and the cultural significance of elephants in Indian history, showcasing the complex interdependence between humans and non-human entities [3]

the state 11 AN d 3 B 15.07 11:3 7 4 8 s 12 8 19 19 H 216 all class curity Cara Brand t all of the line 선비乞好的 和食中国价格未来物和:45 orad w 提出版 工南农业的发展 1620-1850 ENE 稻米不仅是重要的食物来源,也是社会经济活动的核心。究竟一个人吃多少才够?如何能保障一个人吃 够?对于不同品种稻米的口味如何选择?围绕这几个问题,历史学家张瑞威的新书《想吃好的:明清中国的 稻米种植和消费》,对明清时期长江中下游地区在稻米种植方法上的差异进行了探讨,通过华南粮食种植 和消费的个案、长江流域粮食种植和消费的个案,论证稻米的商品化以及长途贸易的出现等,以此探讨影 响稻米长途贸易量的主要因素,尤其是稻米贸易是如何在"互通有无"和"养民"这两个看似矛盾的传统观 念下得到发展的。 □明生 稻作技术不尽相同 "锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。"这首名扬千古的诗,题为《悯农》,来自唐朝官员李 绅。李绅生于乌程(今浙江湖州),长于无锡,是长江下游地区人士。江浙是传统中国稻米的主要种植区, ...