17 July 2025 Equity Research Report China Equity Strategy Equity Strategy Supply side reform 2.0: This time may be different On 1 July, the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs (CCFEA) called for efforts to deal with disorderly price competition and eliminate obsolete capacity. This followed the publication of a critical article in Qiushi magazine and a Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) symposium on the solar industry. This has fuelled investor expectations for a new ro ...

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Investment Rating - The report rates the electric new energy industry as "Overweight" indicating a positive outlook for the sector [3][4]. Core Insights - The report highlights a significant increase in production and stable profitability for leading lithium battery companies, driven by high demand and a reduction in price wars within the lithium battery segment [3][4]. - The photovoltaic (PV) sector is experiencing a recovery in profitability, particularly for high-margin BC components, while other materials face challenges due to price declines [4]. - Wind power installations are on the rise, with expectations for accelerated performance in the second half of the year as demand remains strong [4]. - Investment recommendations focus on three main lines: strong performance companies, supply-side reform opportunities, and new technologies such as solid-state batteries [4]. Summary by Sections Electric Vehicles - In Q2 2025, production across various lithium battery components saw year-on-year increases: ternary cathodes (+15%), iron-lithium cathodes (+53%), anodes (+23%), separators (+36%), electrolytes (+45%), and lithium batteries (+37%) [4]. - The overall profitability in the lithium battery segment is expected to stabilize and recover due to high operating rates among leading companies [4]. Photovoltaics - The PV sector experienced explosive growth in installations, with cumulative new installations exceeding 197GW from January to May 2025 [4]. - Major material companies are still facing losses, but the extent of losses has narrowed significantly in Q2 2025 compared to Q1 [4]. - Aiko Solar is noted for achieving profitability in Q2 2025, marking a significant milestone in the competitive landscape [4]. Wind Power - Wind power installations reached 46.28GW from January to May 2025, with expectations for continued growth in Q2 and Q3 [4]. - The report anticipates that the main machine segment will see improved profitability as orders for wind turbines increase [4]. Investment Recommendations - Key companies to focus on include: 1. Strong performance: CATL, Keda, Zhuhai Guanyu, Hunan YN, and Sungrow [4]. 2. Supply-side reform: Tongwei, Daqo, Aiko, and Longi Green Energy [4]. 3. New technologies: Xiamen Tungsten, Tianqi Lithium, and others [4].

Core Viewpoint - Martin Fischer will officially take over as President and CEO of Zeiss Greater China on October 1, 2025, succeeding Maximilian Foerst, who joined the executive board of Zeiss Group on June 1, 2025 [1] Company Summary - Martin Fischer has been with Zeiss since 2006 and has held various positions in semiconductor manufacturing technology, industrial quality solutions, and research microscopy solutions [1] - Since 2022, he has served as the global head of sales, service, and marketing for the research microscopy solutions division [1] Leadership Transition - The leadership transition involves Martin Fischer reporting directly to Andreas Pecher, the President and CEO of Zeiss Group [1] - Maximilian Foerst's new role as President and CEO of Carl Zeiss Meditec AG is part of this executive restructuring [1]

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry or Company Involved - The conference call primarily discusses the telecommunications and electronics industry, with a focus on companies like Zhongtai Telecom and others involved in the supply chain and manufacturing of electronic components. Core Points and Arguments 1. **Market Differentiation**: The industry is experiencing significant differentiation, with some segments showing strong performance while others face challenges. [1] 2. **Pressure in Supply Chain**: The refining stages of the supply chain are under considerable pressure, affecting overall operational capabilities. [2] 3. **Profit Margins**: There is a notable disparity in profit margins, with leading companies maintaining positive margins while non-leading firms struggle with losses. [3] 4. **Demand and Supply Dynamics**: The demand side shows some strength, particularly in the first quarter, but the overall outlook remains cautious due to potential pressures in the second quarter. [3] 5. **Focus on Leading Companies**: Recommendations suggest prioritizing investments in companies with solid reports and proven track records, particularly in the context of ongoing market pressures. [4] 6. **Improvement in Financial Performance**: Companies like Fucai have shown improvements in operational capabilities, driven by strong group dynamics and market positioning. [5] 7. **Market Conditions**: The overall market conditions are expected to remain stable, with a focus on technological advancements and new materials driving future growth. [10] 8. **Regional Performance**: China’s performance aligns with expectations, with significant orders coming from India, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, despite previous high inventory levels. [7] 9. **Emerging Markets**: The demand in emerging markets is increasing, particularly in Europe, where economic conditions are improving. [13] 10. **Future Projections**: The second half of the year is anticipated to see increased shipping volumes, particularly in traditional peak seasons, despite some challenges in the U.S. market. [15] 11. **Valuation and Market Positioning**: Current valuations are seen as attractive, with expectations of recovery as tariff impacts diminish. [16] 12. **Operational Stability**: Companies are maintaining stable operational levels despite low surface margins, indicating resilience in the face of market challenges. [11] 13. **Technological Advancements**: Innovations in technology, particularly in materials like copper and silver paste, are expected to enhance operational efficiencies. [10] 14. **Investment Recommendations**: There is a strong recommendation for investing in companies with robust operational capabilities and market positioning, particularly in the context of ongoing industry changes. [12] 15. **Long-term Growth Potential**: The overall sentiment is optimistic regarding long-term growth, with expectations of significant improvements in operational performance and market share. [20] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content 1. **Market Sentiment**: There is a cautious optimism regarding the recovery of the market, with expectations of improved performance in the coming quarters. [17] 2. **Supply Chain Adjustments**: Companies are adjusting their supply chains to better meet the evolving demands of the market, particularly in response to technological changes. [25] 3. **Investment in New Technologies**: There is a focus on investing in new technologies and materials to enhance competitiveness and operational efficiency. [10] 4. **Regional Disparities**: The performance of companies varies significantly by region, with some areas showing stronger growth potential than others. [22] 5. **Future Market Dynamics**: The dynamics of the market are expected to shift, with increased competition and the need for companies to adapt to changing consumer demands. [30]

Core Viewpoint - The company has decided to temporarily use part of the raised funds for supplementing working capital and has begun the process of returning these funds to the designated account [1][2]. Group 1 - The company approved the temporary use of up to RMB 100 million from the idle raised funds to supplement working capital, with a usage period not exceeding 12 months [1]. - As of the announcement date, the company has returned a total of RMB 80 million of the temporarily used funds, with a remaining balance of RMB 79.5 million yet to be returned [2]. - The company has notified the sponsor institution and representative of the return of funds on multiple occasions, ensuring compliance with disclosure obligations [2]. Group 2 - The board of directors confirmed the accuracy and completeness of the announcement regarding the return of funds [1][3]. - The announcement was made on July 16, 2025, following the company's board meeting [4].

2025 年 7 月 15 日，公司将暂时用于补充流动资金的募集资金中的 3,000 万 元提前归还至募集资金专户，并将上述募集资金的归还情况及时通知了保荐机构 及保荐代表人。 截止本公告披露日，公司已累计归还募集资金暂时补充流动资金金额为 8,000 万元，暂时补充流动资金余额 79,500 万元暂未归还。公司将在规定到期 日之前悉数归还至募集资金专户，并及时履行相关信息披露义务。 特此公告。 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏，并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担个别及连带责任。 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司（以下简称"公司"）于 2025 年 3 月 20 日召开第六届董事会第五次会议，审议通过了《关于归还募集资金及继续使用募 集资金临时补充流动资金的议案》，同意公司将"福 22 转债"暂时闲置募集资 金中的不超过人民币 100,000 万元临时用于补充公司流动资金，使用期限自董事 会审议通过之日起不超过 12 个月。监事会、保荐机构分别发表了明确同意的意 见。具体内容请详见公司于 2025 年 3 月 21 日在上海证券交易所网站披露的《福 斯特：关于 ...

| | | 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏，并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担个别及连带责任。 截至本公告披露日，公司 2023 年度光伏事业合伙人计划之员工持股计划所 持有的剩余股票已全部出售完毕。公司实施本员工持股计划期间，严格遵守市场 交易规则，遵守中国证监会、上海证券交易所关于信息敏感期不得买卖股票的规 定，不存在利用内幕信息进行交易的情形。根据本次员工持股计划方案的相关规 定，本次员工持股计划实施完成，后续将进入清算程序。 特此公告。 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司董事会 二零二五年七月十五日 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司（以下简称"公司"）分别于 2024 年 5 月 15 日、2024 年 5 月 31 日召开第五届董事会第三十八次会议及 2024 年第二次临 时股东大会，审议通过了《关于<杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 2023 年度光 伏事业合伙人计划之员工持股计划（草案）>及摘要的议案》等相关议案，具体 内容详见公司于 2024 年 5 月 16 日、2024 年 6 月 1 日在上海证券交易所网站及 《上海证券报》披露的相关公告文件 ...

Core Viewpoint - Foster, a leading photovoltaic film manufacturer, has announced a significant reduction in its expected net profit for the first half of 2025, primarily due to supply-demand imbalances and price pressures in the photovoltaic industry, leading to a nearly 50% decline in net profit compared to the previous year [1][2]. Financial Performance - The company expects to achieve a net profit of 473 million yuan for the first half of 2025, a decrease of 455 million yuan or 49.05% year-on-year; the non-net profit is projected at 426 million yuan, down 473 million yuan or 52.65% year-on-year [2]. - In Q2 2025, the estimated net profit is approximately 71.97 million yuan, representing an 82% decline year-on-year, while the non-net profit is about 48.13 million yuan, down 87% year-on-year [3]. Business Segments - Foster's core business is focused on photovoltaic materials, particularly photovoltaic films, which accounted for over 90% of its revenue in 2024. The company also has divisions for electronic materials and functional films [3]. - The average selling price of photovoltaic films decreased significantly, leading to a 14.54% decline in revenue to 17.504 billion yuan in 2024, despite an increase in sales volume [3][4]. Market Dynamics - The photovoltaic industry is experiencing overcapacity and intensified competition, resulting in decreased prices for raw materials and products, which has negatively impacted revenue and gross margins [3][4]. - The company anticipates that the surge in photovoltaic installations in early 2025 may lead to uncertainty in market demand for the second half of the year, as the rapid installation may have exhausted some of the demand [5][6]. Strategic Initiatives - To counteract the challenges in the domestic market, Foster is accelerating its overseas capacity expansion, particularly in emerging markets such as India, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where solar energy is becoming increasingly cost-effective [6]. - The company is also focusing on developing its electronic materials segment, which includes products like photosensitive dry film and flexible copper-clad laminate (FCCL), with plans to increase its market share from 10% to 20-30% [7][8].

Investment Rating - The report rates the photovoltaic industry as "Overweight" indicating an expectation for the industry to outperform the overall market [3][9]. Core Insights - The price of polysilicon has been continuously rising, currently near the full cost of leading companies, with spot prices reaching 44,500 CNY/ton, which is close to the estimated full cost range of 42,000 to 51,000 CNY/ton for top polysilicon producers [3]. - The price increases in the supply chain are expected to lead to higher component prices, with downstream prices for silicon wafers and batteries also rising, indicating a successful price transmission within the industry [3]. - The anticipated price increases are expected to benefit export profitability, mitigating concerns over domestic demand declines in the second half of the year, as overseas market demand is gradually increasing [3]. Summary by Sections Price Trends - Polysilicon prices have surged, with N-type dense material quoted at 44,500 CNY/ton, reflecting a daily increase of 5,500 CNY/ton [1]. - Silicon wafer prices for N-type 182 and 210 sizes have increased by 13.64% and 13.45%, respectively, indicating a cascading effect of price increases throughout the supply chain [1]. Industry Dynamics - The report highlights a positive feedback loop in the industry, driven by self-discipline and anti-involution measures, which are expected to sustain the upward trend in polysilicon prices [3]. - The report suggests that the price increases will not lead to a rise in polysilicon production rates due to industry self-regulation [3]. Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on companies such as Tongwei Co., Daqo New Energy, and GCL-Poly Energy, which are expected to benefit from rising polysilicon prices [3]. - It also highlights companies with independent alpha trends, including Aiko Solar and LONGi Green Energy, as well as auxiliary material companies like Foster and Flat Glass [3].