来源：滚动播报 美联储米兰：未看到关税引发广泛的通胀上升。 ...

新华社纽约9月23日电（记者 徐静）美国联邦储备委员会主席鲍威尔23日表示，美国经济面临通胀上升 与就业下行的"双向风险"，贸易、移民、财政和监管政策的重大变化对美国经济的影响有待观察。 美联储17日结束为期两天的货币政策会议，宣布将联邦基金利率目标区间下调25个基点到4.00％至 4.25％之间。这是美联储2025年第一次降息，也是继2024年三次降息后再次降息。此次会议上，由美国 总统特朗普提名、刚刚出任美联储理事的白宫经济顾问委员会主席斯蒂芬·米兰投了唯一反对票，他认 为此次降息幅度应该达到50个基点。 鲍威尔当天在罗德岛州出席商会活动时说，短期内美国通胀面临上行风险，就业面临下行风险，这是一 个充满挑战的局面。如果降息"过于激进"，可能导致2％的通胀目标无法完成；如果紧缩政策维持过 久，则可能导致劳动力市场疲软。 他说，正如美联储9月"褐皮书"所指出的，企业仍普遍认为不确定性正在压制他们的预期。消费者和企 业信心指标在春季大幅下滑，之后有所回升，但仍低于年初水平。劳动力供给和需求双双明显放缓，就 业下行风险增加。 鲍威尔说，由于就业风险加大，美联储17日降息25个基点。但通胀走势的不确定性依然很高。关 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has lowered the federal funds rate target range by 25 basis points to between 4.00% and 4.25%, marking the first rate cut since December 2024, in response to slowing economic growth in the U.S. [1] Economic Growth - U.S. GDP growth for the first half of the year is approximately 1.5%, down from 2.5% in the previous year [1] - Employment growth is slowing, and there is an increase in employment downside risks, despite the unemployment rate remaining low [1] Inflation and Monetary Policy - Recent inflation has risen and remains at a high level [1] - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has decided to continue balance sheet reduction alongside the rate cut [1] Future Projections - The median forecast indicates that the federal funds rate will decrease to 3.6% by the end of this year, 3.4% by the end of 2026, and further to 3.1% by the end of 2027, which is a downward adjustment of 25 basis points from the June forecast [1] - Individual assessments of the appropriate path for the federal funds rate reflect uncertainty and are not a predetermined plan or decision by the committee [1]

Group 1: Hamburger Inflation and Beef Prices - The rising beef prices are becoming a new focus in the U.S., similar to the previous "egg shortage" due to avian flu, with concerns over supply shortages driven by tariff policies [1][2] - The median price of hamburgers in the U.S. reached $14.47 in August, a 3.4% increase from the previous year, reflecting a continuous upward trend in hamburger prices over the past 12 months [2] - Beef prices have been rising for eight consecutive months, with ground beef currently priced at $6.34 per pound (approximately 101.28 RMB/kg) [2] Group 2: Broader Ingredient Cost Increases - The increase in hamburger prices is not solely due to beef costs; other ingredients like cheese and bread are also contributing to the price hikes [3] - The consumer price index (CPI) for August showed a year-on-year increase of approximately 2.9%, indicating a potential resurgence in inflation despite a previous decline from a peak of 9% in 2022 [3] Group 3: Coffee Price Increases - Retail coffee prices surged nearly 21% year-on-year in August, marking the largest annual increase since October 1997, driven by tariffs on major coffee-exporting countries [3][4] - Companies like J.M. Smucker have announced multiple price increases for retail coffee this year, indicating that the cost pressures are being passed on to consumers [4] Group 4: Consumer Confidence and Economic Outlook - The consumer confidence index has dropped by 21% compared to the previous year, reflecting growing concerns about the economic situation [5][7] - Experts predict that inflation may accelerate in the next 6 to 12 months due to the full effects of tariff policies becoming apparent [7]

Core Insights - The Brazilian Ministry of Finance reported that high tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Brazilian exports are expected to reduce Brazil's GDP by 0.2 percentage points from the baseline scenario between August 2025 and December 2026 [1] - Without policy intervention, the tariff impact is projected to result in the loss of approximately 138,000 jobs, primarily in the industrial and service sectors [1] - Inflation is expected to rise slightly, adding pressure to the overall economic performance [1] Economic Measures - The Brazilian government plans to mitigate external shocks through a series of measures under the "Brazil Sovereignty Plan," including export credit support, tax deferral, and expanded public procurement [1] - These measures are anticipated to reduce the GDP loss to 0.1 percentage points and stabilize employment and inflation expectations [1] Tariff Details - In April, the U.S. imposed a 10% tariff on Brazilian steel and aluminum products, followed by an additional 40% tariff in August, resulting in total tax rates of up to 50% on certain goods [1] - The tariffs affect non-metallic minerals, metal products, machinery, electronics, furniture, and agricultural products [1] Export Impact - Brazil's total exports to the U.S. are projected to be $40.3 billion in 2024, accounting for 12% of total exports, with approximately $16.4 billion of goods subject to the 50% tariff [1] - Many affected products are primarily exported to the U.S. market, indicating significant potential impacts on related industries [1]

Group 1 - Goldman Sachs maintains a bullish outlook on gold, recommending it as the "highest-conviction long" investment due to potential inflation and risks associated with the independence of the Federal Reserve [1][2] - The firm projects gold prices to reach $3,700 per ounce by the end of 2025 and $4,000 per ounce by mid-2026, with a potential spike to over $4,500 per ounce under certain risk scenarios [1] - The report highlights that a loss of Federal Reserve independence could lead to rising inflation, falling long-term bond prices, declining stock prices, and a weakened status of the dollar as a reserve currency, making gold a more attractive store of value [1] Group 2 - If private investors diversify into gold similarly to central banks, Goldman Sachs predicts that gold prices could exceed $4,500 per ounce [2] - A scenario where 1% of the funds currently held in U.S. Treasury securities by private investors flows into gold could push prices close to $5,000 per ounce [2]

Group 1 - Recent increases in long-term bond yields in developed economies have raised market concerns, with the UK 30-year bond yield reaching its highest level since 1998 at 5.69% [1] - Germany and France also saw their 30-year bond yields rise to 3.41% and 4.51%, the highest since 2011 and 2009 respectively [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield hit a record high of 3.28%, raising concerns about the government's fiscal situation [1] Group 2 - Rising bond yields typically indicate that investors are becoming wary of government debt, leading to higher borrowing costs for governments [2] - Inflation concerns are prevalent, particularly in the UK, where the July inflation rate reached 3.8%, significantly higher than other developed economies [2] - Japan's core CPI rose by 3.1% year-on-year in July, above market expectations, indicating persistent inflationary pressures [2] Group 3 - The US July CPI showed a year-on-year increase of 2.7%, with core CPI rising to 3.1%, reflecting a general trend of rising prices across developed economies [3] - The Eurozone's August CPI annual rate was recorded at 2.1%, indicating a recovery from previous low inflation rates [3] - Overall inflation trends are seen as manageable, except for the UK's stubbornly high inflation [3] Group 4 - The increase in government deficits across developed economies has contributed to rising bond yields, as governments resort to issuing more debt to cover fiscal shortfalls [4] - The US government debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to rise to nearly 120% by mid-2025, necessitating significant bond issuance [4] - The UK is also facing a budget deficit of £35 billion, leading to increased bond issuance [4] Group 5 - Japan has the highest debt burden globally, exceeding 250% of GDP, with record budget requests driven by rising defense spending and debt financing costs [5] - This creates a vicious cycle where rising debt pressures lead to higher bond yields, further increasing interest expenses and repayment burdens [5] - The current economic strategies, including tariff increases and potential interest rate cuts, are seen as insufficient to break this cycle [5]

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs indicates that if the credibility of the Federal Reserve is compromised, investors may shift from U.S. Treasuries to gold, potentially driving gold prices up to nearly $5,000 per ounce [1] Group 1: Federal Reserve and Economic Impact - A loss of independence for the Federal Reserve could lead to rising inflation, declining stock and long-term bond prices, and erosion of the dollar's status as a reserve currency [1] - Gold is viewed as a value storage method that does not rely on institutional trust [1] Group 2: Gold Price Predictions - The baseline forecast suggests that gold prices could soar to $4,000 per ounce by mid-2026 [1] - In a tail risk scenario, gold prices could reach $4,500 per ounce [1] - If only 1% of the private U.S. Treasury market flows into gold, prices are estimated to approach $5,000 per ounce [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that if the independence of the Federal Reserve is compromised, inflation will inevitably rise [1] Group 2 - The statement is made by European Central Bank Governing Council member Rehn [1]

Core Insights - Bank of America suggests that if the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates in 2025, it is likely to occur in the context of rising year-on-year inflation, a scenario that is historically rare [1][3] - The report indicates that implementing rate cuts during a period of rising inflation would lower the real policy rate in the U.S., leading to a weaker dollar, similar to the situation observed from late 2007 to mid-2008 [1][3] Summary by Categories - **Interest Rate Outlook** - The potential for the Federal Reserve to cut rates in 2025 is linked to an increase in year-on-year inflation [1][3] - Such a scenario has not been common historically, with the last occurrence noted between late 2007 and mid-2008 [1][3] - **Impact on Currency** - A rate cut during rising inflation would result in a decrease in the real policy rate, which is expected to weaken the U.S. dollar [1][3] - This situation is compared to the economic conditions experienced in 2007 [1][3]