（作者系中国宏观经济研究院副院长） 习近平经济思想是在实践创新孕育理论创新、理论创新指导实践创新的过程中形成并不断发展的。深入 学习贯彻习近平经济思想，可以从标识性概念、规律性认识、原创性理论三个维度入手，深刻把握三者 之间的内在逻辑，不断推动体系化学理化研究阐释取得更大成效。 （文章来源：经济日报） 所谓标识性概念，是科学理论的重要知识节点和逻辑起点，源于对新时代经济发展实践的深刻洞察与精 准提炼。习近平经济思想提出了诸如新发展理念、高质量发展、新发展格局、新质生产力等一系列标识 性概念。这些概念并非凭空产生，而是立足中国实际、在回答和解决现实问题中提出的，具有鲜明的时 代性和实践性。例如，"新质生产力"科学揭示了以科技创新引领生产力质态飞跃的深刻内涵，"新发展 格局"则科学提出了大国经济在更高层次实现顺畅循环和升级的关键路径，两者分别属于内在的生产力 范畴和外化的经济循环范畴。这些标识性概念构成了科学理论的基本元素，凝聚着对实践问题的深刻思 考，为规律性认识的提炼提供了基本素材和术语支撑。 所谓规律性认识，是连接标识性概念与原创性理论的桥梁，是从具体的感性认识走向抽象的理性认识的 关键环节。习近平经济思想 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a sound macroeconomic governance system is a key component of Xi Jinping's economic thought, aimed at ensuring high-quality and sustainable economic development through effective governance [1][2]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Governance System - The macroeconomic governance system encompasses not only macroeconomic policy frameworks but also local government economic governance and regional coordination strategies, aimed at improving the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies [1][2]. - The construction of this system benefits from China's solid material foundation, unique institutional advantages, scientific methodologies, and long-term practical experience [1][2]. - The institutional advantage of concentrating efforts on major tasks provides essential support for building a comprehensive macroeconomic governance system, enhancing the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation [1][2]. Group 2: Importance and Theoretical Value - From a medium to long-term perspective, achieving the "14th Five-Year" development goals requires an average annual growth rate of 4.5% to 5% over the next five years, necessitating strong support from macroeconomic governance [2]. - The governance system is crucial for maintaining a proactive position in international power dynamics and effectively managing total demand and supply through stable, growth, and structural policies [2]. - The complexity of establishing a sound macroeconomic governance system reflects the need for comprehensive planning and top-level design, seeking dynamic balance among multiple objectives [2]. Group 3: Future Directions - Future efforts should focus on enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance by integrating stability, growth, and structural policies into a unified framework [3]. - Policies related to national development plans and major strategies should work in synergy, optimizing resource allocation and structural adjustments [3]. - A clearer boundary for macroeconomic policies will facilitate a better combination of effective markets and proactive government roles, injecting lasting momentum into Chinese modernization [3].

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of innovation as a driving force for national and social progress, with China's ranking in the Global Innovation Index reaching the top ten for the first time [1] - China's economic development has been significantly influenced by its deep participation in international division of labor, but the existing market structure poses potential risks amid global economic uncertainties [1] - The strategic significance of establishing a new development pattern is highlighted, especially in the context of rising unilateralism and protectionism [1] Group 2 - The focus on people-centered development has led to substantial improvements in income, education, healthcare, and housing, creating a high-quality labor force and a vast domestic market [2] - Global economic challenges, including insufficient growth momentum and regional conflicts, necessitate initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and global governance proposals to foster inclusive growth [2] - Xi Jinping's economic thought provides insights into addressing global issues and contributes to the discourse on the future direction of the world [2] Group 3 - Xi Jinping's economic thought addresses critical theoretical and practical questions, guiding China's development during the 14th Five-Year Plan and setting strategic goals for technological self-reliance and common prosperity [3] - The journey towards Chinese-style modernization is acknowledged to have challenges, but the right path will lead to overcoming difficulties [3] - Understanding Xi Jinping's economic thought is essential for grasping the current and future economic landscape of China [3]

推进中国式现代化是一个事关长远的系统工程。"十五五"时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全 面发力的关键时期，在基本实现社会主义现代化进程中具有承前启后的重要地位。在《关于〈中共中央 关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议〉的说明》中，习近平总书记从"实现社会主义 现代化是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步的历史过程，需要不懈努力、接续奋斗"的大历史观高度，对 这一"关键时期"的根本性规定和学理性特质作出新的阐释。同时，紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化，从基本 定位、阶段性要求、战略部署和发展目标上对"十五五"时期的各项任务作出擘画，凸显了"十五五"规划 建议的理论指导和实践指南意义。 从发展目标看，"十五五"规划既要同"十四五"规划提出的理念和思路保持连续性，又要准确把握未来5 年我国经济社会发展大势，确定符合实际、具有前瞻性的总体思路、重大原则、主要目标、战略任务。 习近平总书记提出，科学设定发展目标，对制定和实施好五年规划至关重要。要到2035年基本实现社会 主义现代化，就要锚定人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平这一重要标志性指标，确保"十五五"时 期经济社会发展保持适当速度。要在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a scientific fiscal and tax system as a foundation for national governance, aiming to optimize resource allocation, maintain market unity, promote social equity, and ensure long-term stability of the state [1] Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Economic Development - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests leveraging proactive fiscal policies to enhance fiscal sustainability, which is a key component of Xi Jinping's economic thought [1] - The need for deepening fiscal and tax system reforms is highlighted, focusing on the relationship between government and market, efficiency and equity, and growth and sharing [2] Group 2: Central and Local Government Dynamics - The fiscal system should ensure sufficient macro-control capabilities for the central government while granting local governments adequate autonomy and development space [2] - It is crucial to clearly define the responsibilities and expenditure duties of different government levels, matching them with appropriate financial resources [2] Group 3: Balancing Efficiency and Equity - The article discusses the need for a dynamic balance between efficiency and equity in tax design and fiscal expenditure, promoting a virtuous cycle where both aspects enhance each other [3]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the significance of Xi Jinping's economic thought as a guiding framework for China's economic development, highlighting its historical achievements and transformative changes since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [1][10]. Group 1: Centralized Leadership - The necessity of maintaining the Party's centralized leadership over economic work is a key original contribution of Xi Jinping's economic thought, ensuring that the economy develops in the correct direction [3][4]. - The central economic work meetings have consistently reinforced this principle, emphasizing the Party's authoritative role during critical historical moments [3][4]. Group 2: High-Quality Development - Xi Jinping's assertion that China's economy has transitioned from a phase of rapid growth to one of high-quality development is a pivotal recognition, shaping economic policies and macroeconomic adjustments [4][5]. - Subsequent meetings have reiterated the importance of high-quality development as the primary task for economic construction, linking it to the broader goals of modernization and sustainable growth [4][5]. Group 3: People-Centric Development - The principle of development for the people is a fundamental aspect of Xi Jinping's economic thought, emphasizing the need to prioritize people's interests in economic decision-making [5][6]. - This approach has been integrated into various strategic frameworks, ensuring that economic policies align with the needs and aspirations of the populace [5][6]. Group 4: Macroeconomic Governance - The introduction of supply-side structural reforms marks a significant advancement in macroeconomic governance, moving beyond traditional demand management approaches [6][7]. - The emphasis on balancing total supply and demand, along with proactive policy adjustments, reflects a mature approach to economic governance [6][7]. Group 5: Reform and Opening-Up - The recognition that deepening reform and opening-up is essential for enhancing economic vitality is a critical aspect of Xi Jinping's economic thought [7][8]. - This includes addressing systemic barriers to development and leveraging institutional advantages to foster collective strength in overcoming challenges [7][8]. Group 6: Development and Security - The increasing importance of balancing development and security in the face of global uncertainties is highlighted, with a focus on risk awareness and proactive measures to safeguard economic stability [8][9]. - The interaction between high-quality development and high-level security is emphasized as essential for sustainable progress [8][9]. Group 7: Methodological Insights - A problem-oriented approach to economic strategy, emphasizing stability and progress, is a key methodological insight from Xi Jinping's economic thought [9][10]. - The integration of systematic thinking and coordinated efforts in policy implementation is crucial for achieving economic objectives [9][10].

新华社北京10月27日电（记者熊丰）中共中央政治局常委、全国人大常委会委员长赵乐际27日下午同列 席十四届全国人大常委会第十八次会议的全国人大代表座谈交流。他强调，人大代表要把学习好、贯彻 好党的二十届四中全会精神作为重大政治任务和履职必修课，同学习贯彻习近平经济思想、习近平法治 思想和习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想结合起来，融会贯通、学以致用，把 学习成果体现到政治站位、履职能力和工作质效的提升上。 中共中央政治局委员、全国人大常委会副委员长李鸿忠主持座谈会。 赵乐际指出，要围绕落实党的二十届四中全会战略部署履行法定职责。全会聚焦推动高质量发展这一主 题，分领域部署了"十五五"时期的战略任务和重大举措，与人大工作密切相关，许多改革发展举措需要 人大通过立法、监督予以保障。人大代表要依法履职尽责，发挥自身专业特长，深入思考、深入调研， 提出务实可行的议案建议和审议意见，为实现"十五五"发展目标任务献计出力。明年大会将审查批 准"十五五"规划纲要。人大代表要按照统一安排，参加学习培训、集中视察等活动，为参加大会审议做 好准备。积极参与常委会立法、监督等工作，多提建设性意见建议，共同推动人大 ...

Group 1 - The changing development environment presents both challenges and opportunities for companies, with global industrial chain restructuring offering chances to optimize global layouts [1] - The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation creates favorable conditions for strengthening basic research and cultivating new productive forces [1] - Companies are encouraged to leverage institutional and policy innovations to convert existing advantages into driving forces for high-quality development [1] Group 2 - The domestic market is characterized by its vast scale, rich layers, and continuous upgrades, serving as both a testing ground for technological innovation and a stabilizing factor for business operations [2] - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, domestic demand contributed an average of 86.4% to GDP growth, significantly higher than during the "13th Five-Year Plan" [2] - Strategies to enhance domestic demand include optimizing income distribution, improving consumer rights protection, and expanding effective investment in new infrastructure and green transformation projects [2] Group 3 - Intellectual property (IP) protection is crucial for stimulating corporate innovation, with China achieving a high-value invention patent ownership of 15.3 per 10,000 people by June this year, surpassing the "14th Five-Year Plan" target of 12 [2] - New challenges in IP protection arise from the rapid development of emerging technologies like AI and big data, necessitating legislative and judicial innovations to establish a suitable IP protection framework [2] - Future efforts should focus on accelerating legislation related to emerging technologies and improving the IP transaction market to facilitate innovation [2] Group 4 - A rich human resource base is a core advantage for companies, with a focus on investing in talent as a strategic measure to address aging populations and enhance competitive advantages [3] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes creating an attractive talent development ecosystem through institutional innovations and improving talent training systems [3] - Companies are encouraged to cultivate high-quality technical talent and skilled workers to align with national strategic needs [3] Group 5 - A favorable business environment is essential for stabilizing and promoting employment, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [5] - Continuous efforts are needed to create a fair competitive market environment, eliminate administrative monopolies, and support SMEs through tax reductions and financing [5] - The focus should shift towards high-level competition based on technology, brand, quality, and service to stimulate the internal motivation of various business entities [5]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the historical achievements and transformations in China's economic and social development over the past decade, particularly under the guidance of the new development philosophy proposed by Xi Jinping [1][4][16] - The average GDP growth rate for the first three quarters of this year is reported at 5.2%, with expectations for China's economic total to reach approximately 140 trillion yuan by 2025 [2][16] - The new development philosophy, which includes innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, is highlighted as a guiding principle for achieving higher quality and more sustainable growth [4][21] Group 2 - The article discusses the significant advancements in the new energy vehicle (NEV) sector, with China becoming the first country to produce over 10 million NEVs annually, showcasing a shift from following to leading in manufacturing [5][6] - The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital twins in NEV production has led to reduced production cycles and costs, as well as improved product quality [5][6] - China's NEV industry is noted for its continuous growth, with production and sales leading globally for ten consecutive years, and a strong international market presence in lithium-ion batteries [5][6] Group 3 - The article highlights the role of innovation as a driving force for economic and social development, with China's global innovation index ranking improving significantly from 34th in 2012 to 10th by 2025 [6][19] - The establishment of the largest renewable energy system globally and a significant reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP are noted as key achievements in promoting green development [6][24] - The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to the new development philosophy to address issues of unbalanced and insufficient development, ultimately meeting the growing needs of the population [6][11] Group 4 - The article outlines the advancements in rural development and urban-rural integration, with initiatives like the "Million Project" in Zhejiang province serving as a model for coordinated development [8][10] - The implementation of the "Hundred Thousand Project" in Guangdong province aims to enhance rural economies and improve living standards, with significant increases in rural income reported [9][10] - The focus on shared development and the creation of rural operational roles is highlighted as a means to foster economic growth and improve quality of life in rural areas [8][10] Group 5 - The article discusses the opening of the global digital trade center in Yiwu, marking a transition from traditional trade to a digital trade ecosystem, which enhances China's role in global commerce [12][28] - The establishment of free trade zones and the expansion of foreign investment in China are emphasized as critical components of the country's strategy to enhance its global economic presence [13][28] - China's commitment to high-level openness is portrayed as essential for achieving high-quality development and fostering international cooperation [13][28]

Economic Growth - In the first three quarters of this year, China's GDP grew by 5.2% year-on-year, building on an average growth rate of 5.5% over the past four years, with a projected economic total of around 140 trillion yuan by 2025 [1][2] New Development Concept - The new development concept proposed by Xi Jinping emphasizes innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, which has guided China's economic transformation and historical achievements over the past decade [3][4] New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) - China became the first country to produce over 10 million NEVs annually, with significant advancements in manufacturing efficiency, including a 20% reduction in production preparation time and a 15% decrease in design costs [5] - The NEV industry is shifting from resource-driven to innovation-driven, focusing on high-end, intelligent, and green development [5][6] Innovation and Competitiveness - China's global innovation index ranking improved from 34th in 2012 to 10th in 2025, highlighting its rapid enhancement in core competitiveness and innovation capabilities [6] Green Development - China has established the world's largest renewable energy system, achieving an 11.6% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP over the first four years of the 14th Five-Year Plan [7] Rural Development and Urban-Rural Integration - Initiatives like the "Million Project" in Zhejiang have advanced urban-rural integration, improving rural living standards and increasing disposable income for rural residents [9][10] High-Quality Development - The focus on high-quality development is evident in various projects that enhance local economies and improve living conditions, reflecting a commitment to people-centered development [10][11] Open Economy - China's commitment to high-level openness is demonstrated by the establishment of free trade zones and the expansion of foreign investment, positioning the country as a key player in global trade [12][13] Future Planning - The upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan aims to continue the momentum of high-quality development and modernization, guided by Xi Jinping's economic thought [14]