Group 1 - The OECD's mid-term economic outlook report predicts a global economic growth rate of 3.2% for 2025, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the June forecast, while growth is expected to slow to 2.9% in 2026, consistent with the June prediction [1] - The report highlights stronger-than-expected resilience in global economic growth, particularly in emerging market economies, during the first half of 2025 [1] - The report warns of significant risks to the global economic outlook, including potential increases in tariff rates, renewed inflation pressures, heightened concerns over fiscal risks, and reassessment of financial market risks [1] Group 2 - The report forecasts that the U.S. economic growth rate will decline from 2.8% in 2024 to 1.8% in 2025, and further slow to 1.5% in 2026, due to the offsetting effects of tariffs and tightened immigration policies against strong investment growth in high-tech industries [1] - The Eurozone's economic growth is projected to be 1.2% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026 [1] - The G20 countries' overall inflation rate is expected to decrease from 3.4% in 2025 to 2.9% in 2026, with core inflation rates in developed economies projected to fall to 2.6% and 2.5% in the next two years [1] Group 3 - The report recommends that countries enhance cooperation within the global trade system while improving the transparency and predictability of trade policies in response to economic security concerns [2] - Central banks are advised to remain vigilant and respond swiftly to changes in risks affecting price stability [2] - There is a call for increased structural reform efforts to improve living standards and unlock potential benefits from new technologies such as artificial intelligence [2]

Core Insights - The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) projects the Philippine GDP growth rate to stabilize at the lower end of the Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC) target of 5.5% to 6.5% for 2025 [1] - Inflation is expected to be 1.7% in 2025, significantly below the government's target range of 2% to 4%, rising to 3.3% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027 [1] - The Department of Finance acknowledges that economic growth is below initial expectations due to global economic headwinds, but fiscal targets can still be achieved through stronger tax measures and improved tax administration [1] Economic Growth Projections - The Philippine economy is projected to grow within the range of 6% to 7% in 2026, with a return to the target range by 2027 supported by lower policy interest rates and a neutral output gap [1] Inflation Forecast - The inflation rate is forecasted to be 1.7% in 2025, increasing to 3.3% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027, indicating a gradual rise in inflation after a low initial rate [1] Fiscal Measures - The Philippine government plans to increase revenue through key measures such as digital services VAT, capital market efficiency legislation, and the CREATE MORE initiative, alongside efforts to combat tax evasion [1] - Additional measures under consideration include taxes on electronic gaming, single-use plastics, universal tax amnesty, and an extension of estate tax amnesty [1]

Group 1 - Australia's overall Consumer Price Index (CPI) year-on-year increase for August 2025 is 3%, up from 2.8% in July, aligning with market expectations [1] - The monthly inflation rate for August, excluding volatile items like fruits, vegetables, and automotive fuel, is 3.4%, an increase from 3.2% in July [1] - The trimmed mean inflation rate, a key indicator of core inflation, decreased from 2.7% in the previous month to 2.6% [1] Group 2 - Food and non-alcoholic beverage prices in August saw a year-on-year increase of 3%, unchanged from the previous month [2] - Housing prices increased from 3.6% to 4.5%, with rental prices decreasing from 3.9% to 3.7% and new housing prices rising from 0.4% to 0.7% [1][2] - Electricity prices surged from a 13.6% increase to 24.6% [1]

Group 1 - The European Central Bank (ECB) is at a critical juncture in monetary policy, with a consensus among members that the current deposit facility rate of 2% is appropriate, and the threshold for short-term adjustments is considered high [1][2] - ECB Executive Board member Piero Cipollone stated that inflation risks are balanced, and the eurozone's output is still expanding, with growth expected to recover after a slowdown [1][2] - There is a divergence in views among eurozone central bank governors, with some advocating for caution and others supporting a more accommodative stance to achieve inflation targets and support economic growth [2][3] Group 2 - The upcoming December meeting of the ECB is anticipated to provide clearer insights into economic forecasts, particularly regarding the impact of U.S. tariffs on the eurozone [2] - The ECB President Christine Lagarde's position is seen as a key variable in breaking the current policy deadlock, as she has not publicly commented on the balance of inflation risks [2][3] - A participant in a closed-door meeting indicated that while the 2% inflation target has been reached, the sustainability of this target remains uncertain and will be addressed in the December meeting [3]

Core Insights - Australia's overall consumer price index (CPI) year-on-year increase for August 2025 is 3%, up from 2.8% in July, aligning with market expectations [1] - The monthly inflation rate, excluding volatile items like fruits, vegetables, and automotive fuel, is 3.4%, an increase from 3.2% in July [1] - The trimmed mean inflation rate, a key indicator of core inflation, decreased from 2.7% to 2.6% [1] Price Changes - Food and non-alcoholic beverage prices increased by 3% year-on-year, unchanged from the previous month [1] - Alcohol and tobacco prices decreased from a 6.5% increase to 6% [1] - Clothing and footwear prices rose from 2.3% to 3% [1] - Housing prices increased from 3.6% to 4.5%, with rent prices decreasing from 3.9% to 3.7% and new housing prices rising from 0.4% to 0.7% [1] - Electricity prices surged from a 13.6% increase to 24.6% [1] - Furniture, household equipment, and services prices remained stable at a 0.9% increase [1] - Healthcare prices remained unchanged at a 4.1% increase [1] - Transportation prices shifted from a 1% decrease to a 0.4% increase, with automotive fuel prices changing from a 5.5% decrease to a 1.7% decrease [1] - Communication prices rose from 0.8% to 1.9% [1] - Entertainment prices decreased from 2.6% to 1.4% [1] - Education prices slightly decreased from 5.6% to 5.5% [1] - Insurance and financial services prices decreased from 3.1% to 3% [1] Inflation Commentary - The overall inflation rate in Australia for August has reached its highest level since July 2024, primarily driven by high increases in housing, food, and non-alcoholic beverage prices [2] - The trimmed mean inflation rate, which better reflects inflation trends, decreased by 0.1 percentage points in August [2]

Group 1 - The OECD's mid-term economic outlook report predicts a global economic growth rate of 3.2% for 2025, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the June forecast, while growth is expected to slow to 2.9% in 2026, consistent with the June prediction [1] - The report highlights stronger-than-expected resilience in global economic growth, particularly in emerging market economies, during the first half of 2025 [1] - The report warns of significant risks to the global economic outlook, including potential increases in tariff rates, renewed inflation pressures, heightened concerns over fiscal risks, and reassessment of financial market risks [1] Group 2 - The report forecasts that the U.S. economic growth rate will decline from 2.8% in 2024 to 1.8% in 2025, further slowing to 1.5% in 2026, due to the offsetting effects of tariffs and tightened immigration policies against strong investment growth in high-tech industries [1] - The Eurozone's economic growth is projected to be 1.2% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026 [1] - The G20 countries' overall inflation rate is expected to decrease from 3.4% in 2025 to 2.9% in 2026, with core inflation rates in developed economies projected to fall to 2.6% and 2.5% in the next two years [1] Group 3 - The report recommends that countries enhance cooperation within the global trade system while improving the transparency and predictability of trade policies in response to economic security concerns [2] - Central banks are advised to remain vigilant and respond swiftly to changes in risks affecting price stability [2] - There is a call for increased structural reform efforts to improve living standards and unlock the potential benefits of new technologies such as artificial intelligence [2]

Core Viewpoint - Three Federal Reserve officials support the idea of setting an inflation target range instead of maintaining the current fixed target of 2% [1][4][5] Group 1: Federal Reserve Officials' Perspectives - Stephen Milan, Michelle Bowman, and Raphael Bostic have discussed the potential shift towards an inflation target range following the Federal Reserve's policy framework review in August [1][4] - Milan, a temporary member of the Federal Reserve, expressed that a "very clear" inflation target could lead to excessive micro-management and suggested that the Fed should remain open to other options [4] - Bowman, also a Trump appointee, noted that other countries use target ranges, which could alleviate anxiety over specific inflation numbers [4] Group 2: Current Inflation Context - The inflation rate has been above the Federal Reserve's 2% target for four and a half years, influenced by economic disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic and recent tariffs imposed by Trump on global trade partners [4] - Prior to 2020, the Federal Reserve was primarily concerned with inflation rates being persistently below the target, which raised concerns about the ability to normalize interest rates [4] Group 3: Bostic's View on Inflation Range - Bostic indicated that the public often misunderstands the precision with which the Federal Reserve controls inflation and expressed a preference for discussing inflation in terms of a range [5] - He suggested a desired inflation range of approximately 1.75% to 2.25% to prevent upward inflationary pressures [5]

Core Insights - The OECD's mid-term economic outlook report predicts a global economic growth rate of 3.2% for 2025, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the June forecast, while growth is expected to slow to 2.9% in 2026, consistent with the June estimate [1] - The report highlights stronger-than-expected resilience in global economic growth, particularly in emerging market economies, despite ongoing impacts from U.S. tariff policies [1] - Major risks to the global economic outlook include potential increases in tariff rates, renewed inflation pressures, heightened concerns over fiscal risks, and reassessment of financial market risks [1] Economic Projections - The U.S. economic growth is projected to decline from 2.8% in 2024 to 1.8% in 2025, further slowing to 1.5% in 2026, primarily due to the offsetting effects of tariffs and tightened immigration policies against strong investment growth in high-tech industries [1] - The Eurozone's economic growth is expected to be 1.2% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026 [1] - The overall inflation rate for G20 countries is anticipated to decrease from 3.4% in 2025 to 2.9% in 2026, with core inflation rates for developed economies projected to drop to 2.6% and 2.5% in the next two years [1] Recommendations - The report suggests that countries should enhance cooperation within the global trade system while improving the transparency and predictability of trade policies in response to economic security concerns [2] - Central banks are advised to remain vigilant and respond swiftly to changes in risks affecting price stability [2] - There is a call for increased structural reform efforts to improve living standards and unlock potential benefits from new technologies such as artificial intelligence [2]

Core Insights - Croatia's consumer price index (CPI) increased by 4.1% year-on-year in August, with a slight month-on-month rise of 0.1% [1] - The largest price increases were observed in housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, which rose by 8.1% year-on-year, followed by restaurants and hotel accommodation (+7.5%) and non-alcoholic beverages (+6.3%) [1] - The harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP) in Croatia rose by 4.6% year-on-year in August, with an average month-on-month increase of 0.2% [1] Price Changes by Category - Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels: +8.1% year-on-year [1] - Restaurants and hotel accommodation: +7.5% year-on-year [1] - Non-alcoholic beverages: +6.3% year-on-year [1] - Education: +5.9% year-on-year [1] - Medical services: +5.1% year-on-year [1] - Transportation: -1.3% year-on-year [1] - Clothing and footwear: -0.6% year-on-year [1] - Communication services: -0.4% year-on-year [1] Additional Insights - Service prices increased by 6.4% year-on-year in August [1] - Food, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products saw a year-on-year price increase of 6.2% [1] - Energy prices rose by 2.5% year-on-year, while non-food industrial goods (excluding energy) increased by 0.5% year-on-year [1]

Core Viewpoint - The current interest rate level is described as "very restrictive" by Federal Reserve Governor Milan, emphasizing the commitment to reducing the inflation rate to 2% and suggesting that the appropriate level for the federal funds rate is in the mid-range of 2%, which is nearly 2 percentage points lower than the current level [1] Summary by Relevant Sections - Interest Rate Level - The Federal Reserve's current interest rate is considered very restrictive [1] - The appropriate federal funds rate is suggested to be in the mid-range of 2%, indicating a potential decrease of nearly 2 percentage points from the current level [1] - Inflation Target - The Federal Reserve is focused on reducing the inflation rate to 2% [1]