Group 1: Tariff Changes and Global Impact - The U.S. has raised tariffs on imported goods from 25% to 35%, initiating a global trade storm and marking the start of Trump's "reciprocal tariff" system [1] - Swiss watch manufacturers face a 39% tariff, while South African mining companies are subject to a 30% tariff, indicating unprecedented rates among developed countries [2] - A new tiered tariff system has been established, with a baseline rate of 10%, 15% for countries with trade surpluses or agreements, and higher rates for others, creating a differentiated global tariff landscape [1][2] Group 2: Responses from Other Countries - The EU and Japan are investing heavily to mitigate tariff impacts, with the EU committing $600 billion and Japan $550 billion to secure lower tariff rates [2] - This strategy of using investment to offset tariffs is redefining global trade rules [2] Group 3: Economic Data and Reactions - U.S. economic data shows a loss of 37,000 manufacturing jobs since April, raising concerns about the negative effects of tariffs [4] - The credibility of U.S. economic data is in question, leading to uncertainty in global financial markets [4] Group 4: Federal Reserve and Leadership Changes - The Federal Reserve is under pressure, with internal divisions emerging regarding inflation and economic weakness [4] - Treasury Secretary Scott Bencet has withdrawn from the race for Fed Chair, while a Fed governor's unexpected resignation has opened up a new position [6][10] Group 5: Global Trade Forecasts - The WTO has warned that U.S. tariff policies could lead to a 0.2% decline in global goods trade by 2025, with North American exports potentially dropping by 12.6% [8] - The new tariff system imposes additional taxes on 57 major trading partners, complicating international trade dynamics [8] Group 6: Vulnerable Economies - Emerging market economies, particularly the most vulnerable, are facing disproportionate harm from U.S. tariffs, while China is better positioned to withstand these shocks due to its economic structure [9]

Group 1: Investment Commitments - The U.S. government has announced significant investment commitments from allies, with Japan pledging $550 billion, South Korea $350 billion, and the EU $600 billion, but these figures often represent loans or guarantees rather than direct investments [1][2][4] - Japan's direct investment in the U.S. is only expected to account for 1% to 2% of the total commitment, raising questions about the actual impact of these investments [2][3] - The EU's $600 billion commitment is based on corporate intentions rather than guaranteed investments, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding these figures [6][7] Group 2: Profit Distribution and Economic Impact - The U.S. claims that 90% of the profits from these investments will go to American taxpayers, while the remaining 10% will be allocated to Japan, leading to differing interpretations of profit distribution [2][4] - Concerns have been raised in Japan about the potential negative impact on domestic investment and economic growth due to the focus on U.S. investments [3][5] - South Korea's investment commitment, which represents 18.7% of its GDP, raises questions about the rationale behind a larger proportional investment compared to Japan [5] Group 3: Political and Strategic Implications - The differing interpretations of investment commitments reflect a broader trend of U.S. allies reassessing their economic strategies and reducing unconditional support for U.S. initiatives [9][10] - The lack of formal agreements and clarity in negotiations has led to concerns about the enforceability and seriousness of these commitments [9][10] - The potential for increased tariffs from the U.S. if these investment commitments are not met adds pressure on allied nations to fulfill their promises [10]

Core Viewpoint - The Canadian government's decision to impose a 25% additional tax on steel products containing melted and cast iron from China has led to a swift and severe retaliation from China, highlighting strategic miscalculations by the Canadian Prime Minister [1][3][5]. Group 1: Trade Dynamics - Canada announced a 25% additional tax on steel imports from countries outside the U.S., particularly targeting China, which has raised international concerns [1][3]. - In response, China quickly established a trade agreement with Australia for canola seed, with the first trial shipment reaching 250,000 tons, undermining Canadian farmers [1][5]. - The Australian Prime Minister's visit to Beijing coincided with Canada's tax announcement, allowing Australia to capitalize on the situation and reclaim market share previously held by Canada [3][5]. Group 2: Strategic Miscalculations - The Canadian government misjudged China's economic influence, as China is the world's largest importer of canola seeds, with an annual import volume exceeding 4 million tons [5]. - Canada’s approach to trade disputes has been criticized as lacking diplomatic wisdom, contrasting sharply with Australia's pragmatic stance that prioritizes economic interests [5][7]. - The reliance of 75% of Canadian exports on the U.S. market has left Canada with limited maneuverability in foreign policy, making it vulnerable to external pressures [5][7]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The trade conflict has exposed structural weaknesses in the Canadian economy, particularly its dependence on the U.S. market and the inability to effectively engage with China [5][7]. - Canada's attempt to shift domestic discontent onto China has backfired, resulting in a loss of both steel industry support and agricultural orders [7]. - The situation illustrates that Canada lacks the strength of the U.S. and the market appeal of China, leading to a precarious position in international trade [7].

Group 1 - The U.S. tariff policy has severely impacted Lesotho's textile industry, which is a crucial sector for the country's economy and employment [1][2] - Lesotho's textile exports primarily depend on the U.S. market, with over 40,000 jobs at stake due to the tariffs [1] - The U.S. government has implemented a 15% tariff, which poses a significant challenge to Lesotho's fragile economy, despite an initial announcement of a 50% tariff [1] Group 2 - The Minister of Trade and Industry, Mokheti Shelile, criticized the U.S. for unfairly calculating tariffs that ignore Lesotho's service trade surplus [2] - Shelile emphasized that the unilateral imposition of tariffs by the U.S. violates World Trade Organization principles and disrupts global supply chains [2] - He called for African nations to strengthen cooperation in response to such unilateral and protectionist actions [2]

Group 1 - Trump's announcement of global tariffs led to a significant market downturn, with major U.S. stock indices experiencing their worst drop since May, reflecting instability in the U.S. economy and uncertainty about the future [1][3] - The U.S. Labor Department released disappointing employment data, with May's job growth revised down to only 19,000 and July's increase at just 73,000, indicating negative impacts from Trump's tariff policies on employment [3][5] - Trump's aggressive stance towards the Federal Reserve, criticizing Chairman Powell and threatening to take further actions if interest rates are not lowered, highlights tensions between fiscal policy and monetary policy [5][9] Group 2 - Trump's military response to Russia, including the deployment of nuclear submarines, raises questions about the effectiveness of such actions in addressing international conflicts and showcases a desire to project military strength [7][9] - The U.S. government's recent decision to cancel a series of countermeasures against China, particularly related to rare earth elements, indicates a shift towards seeking cooperation with China to mitigate economic downturns [9][11] - The evolving U.S.-China relationship is becoming a crucial factor in global economic dynamics, with cooperation seen as a necessary choice amidst America's economic challenges and the decline of its hegemonic status [11]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. tariff policy is severely impacting Lesotho's textile industry, which is a critical sector for the country's economy and employment [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Impact - Lesotho, recognized as one of the least developed countries by the UN, heavily relies on its textile industry, with over 40,000 jobs dependent on exports to the U.S. [1] - The U.S. announced a 50% "reciprocal tariff" in April, which was later postponed, but the current 15% tariff still poses a significant challenge to Lesotho's fragile economy [1][3]. - Approximately 12,000 jobs in Lesotho's textile sector are directly affected by the tariffs, with a total of around 40,000 individuals impacted [3]. Group 2: Business Reactions - Many U.S. importers have canceled orders for textiles produced in Lesotho due to the tariff threat, leading to large-scale layoffs in the industry [3]. - Local textile vendors report that the tariffs have forced them to raise prices, resulting in a loss of customers who find the products too expensive [5]. Group 3: Policy Critique - The calculation of U.S. tariffs is criticized for only considering goods trade while ignoring the significant surplus Lesotho has in service trade, making the tariffs "absolutely unfair" [7]. - The unilateral imposition of discriminatory tariffs by the U.S. is seen as a violation of World Trade Organization principles, and there is a call for African nations to strengthen cooperation to address such unilateral and protectionist actions [8].

Core Viewpoint - The recent increase in tariffs on Canadian goods from 25% to 35% by the Trump administration is a strategic move aimed at leveraging trade negotiations and addressing issues such as fentanyl trafficking and trade imbalances, creating significant uncertainty in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) landscape [1][2][5]. Group 1: Tariff Increase and Strategic Implications - The tariff hike is part of Trump's "maximum pressure" strategy, linking tariffs to key issues like fentanyl, digital services tax disputes, and dairy market access, aiming to compel Canada to make concessions within the NAFTA framework [2][3]. - The U.S. government has indicated that Canadian companies could be exempt from tariffs if they relocate production to the U.S., reflecting Trump's campaign promise to bring manufacturing back to America [2][3]. Group 2: Market Reactions and Economic Impact - Following the tariff announcement, the financial markets reacted sharply, with the U.S. dollar rising 0.8% against the Canadian dollar and major U.S. stock indices falling, indicating heightened concerns over potential disruptions in the North American supply chain [4]. - Morgan Stanley estimates that if the tariffs persist for six months, U.S. GDP growth could be reduced by 0.5 percentage points, and inflation could rise by 0.3 percentage points due to increased costs in the automotive, construction, and manufacturing sectors [4]. Group 3: Legal Challenges and Trade Relations - Legal challenges are emerging regarding the legitimacy of the tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), with judges questioning whether trade deficits constitute a "national emergency" [4]. - The tariff escalation has created a rift in the NAFTA framework, prompting Canada to seek broader exemptions, while also triggering a global "chilling effect" on trade, as other economies accelerate supply chain diversification [5][6].

谢利莱表示，美国关税的计算仅涵盖货物贸易，完全忽视其在服务贸易上对莱索托的巨大顺差；同时，通过南非输入莱索托的美国商品也未纳入 统计。他认为，基于这种错误计算方式对莱索托征收高额关税"绝对不公平"。他强调，莱索托纺织业的发展受益于零关税政策激励，如今美方单 方面推动施加关税，实在"有失公允"。 莱索托贸易和工商业发展大臣莫凯蒂·谢利莱日前接受新华社记者专访时表示，面对美国关税冲击，莱索托不会"坐以待毙"，将积极通过拓展多元 化国际市场、深化非洲区域合作等方式推动经济重回正轨。 非洲内陆小国莱索托是联合国认定的最不发达国家之一。今年4月，美国宣布对其征收50%的所谓"对等关税"，随后虽宣布暂缓90天实施，但10% 基准税率仍对该国脆弱的经济构成严峻挑战。 "美国关税来得猝不及防，严重冲击莱索托纺织业，"谢利莱说，特朗普政府宣布关税措施后，美国采购商取消了80%的订单，导致莱索托11家主 要对美国市场出口的纺织企业停产，约1.3万名工人失业。 纺织业是莱索托支柱产业，其成衣出口主要依赖美国市场，带动超过4万人就业。谢利莱说，美关税引发的失业潮可能进一步波及交通运输、仓储 物流和房地产等行业，威胁社会治安稳定。数据 ...

Group 1 - Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that the U.S. must agree to compensate Iran for the damages incurred during the recent conflict, setting new conditions for the resumption of nuclear negotiations with the Trump administration [1] - The U.S. Treasury Department announced the largest sanctions against Iran in seven years, targeting over 50 entities and individuals, as well as more than 50 oil tankers and container ships linked to Iranian oil merchant Mohammad Hossein Shahbakhsh [3] - The sanctions are part of the U.S. government's "maximum pressure" campaign against Iran, which has been ongoing since 2018, and aim to disrupt the shipping network that transports Iranian and Russian oil and other goods globally [3] Group 2 - Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Baghaei condemned the new U.S. sanctions as illegal and oppressive, asserting that they reflect hostility towards the Iranian people [4] - Baghaei emphasized that the sanctions are intended to undermine Iran's economic development and violate the basic rights of its citizens, and he called for accountability for the human rights violations caused by these sanctions [6] - The Iranian government remains committed to defending its sovereignty and national interests despite the pressures from U.S. sanctions and threats [6]

（原标题：商务部新闻发言人就加拿大政府加严钢铁进口限制措施事答记者问） 答：我们注意到加政府有关公告。加方以保护本国产业为由，宣布采取对含有中国钢铁 成分的产品加征关税等单边措施，有关做法违反世贸组织规则，扰乱国际贸易秩序，损害中 方利益，是典型的单边主义、保护主义行径。中方对此强烈不满，坚决反对。 事实上，造成加国内钢铁产业遭遇困境的主要原因是美国的单边关税措施，但加政府却 回避主要矛盾，还试图将产业损害转嫁给包括中国在内的其他贸易伙伴。加方做法于理不 合、于法无据、于事无补，将严重损害中加两国正常经贸合作。 中方希望加方从维护多边贸易体制、维护中加经贸关系大局出发，立即纠正错误做法， 停止限制措施。中方将采取一切必要措施坚决维护中方企业的合法权益。 有记者问：当地时间7月16日，加拿大财政部网站发布公告，表示为应对美国钢铁关税 和全球钢铁产能过剩，自8月1日起，将扩大进口钢铁关税配额适用范围、收紧现有配额， 对配额外进口征收附加税。此外，将对自美国以外国家进口的含有在中国熔化和浇铸钢铁的 产品征收25%的附加税。请问商务部对此有何评论？ ...