Group 1 - The BRICS Business Forum was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on July 5, emphasizing the importance of the BRICS cooperation mechanism for global economic development and the multilateral system [1] - Brazilian President Lula highlighted the need for emerging countries to jointly defend the global multilateral trade system in the face of rising protectionism [1]

Group 1 - The global South is increasingly reshaping the world economic landscape, with a growing emphasis on multilateral cooperation among developing countries, particularly through mechanisms like BRICS [1][4] - The global South's market is thriving, with developing countries' goods trade increasing 4.6 times since 2000, now accounting for 45% of global trade, up from 30% [4][5] - The global South contributes over 40% to the global economy and accounts for 80% of world economic growth, positioning itself as a key player in global governance and development [4][5] Group 2 - China is actively engaging with the global South, providing development assistance to over 160 countries and promoting initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, which fosters cooperation and mutual development [6][7] - The BRICS cooperation mechanism serves as a significant platform for emerging markets and developing countries to unite and advocate for equitable global governance [4][6] - The relationship between China and Latin American countries is being strengthened through platforms like the China-Latin America Forum, promoting sustainable development and policy coordination [7]

Group 1 - The EU has tentatively agreed to a 10% universal tariff proposed by the US, contingent on concessions from the US in key sectors such as pharmaceuticals and semiconductors [1] - The focus of negotiations is on reducing existing tariffs on automobiles and metals, with the EU pushing for a decrease in the current 25% tariff on automobiles and a 50% tariff on steel and aluminum [1][2] - If an agreement is not reached by July 9, tariffs on EU exports to the US could rise to 50%, significantly impacting EU exports valued at €52.8 billion (approximately $62.2 billion) for automobiles and €24 billion for steel and aluminum [2] Group 2 - The negotiation process is advancing on multiple fronts, with the EU Trade Commissioner leading discussions in the US to address tariff reductions, non-tariff barriers, and strategic procurement cooperation [3] - The US proposal includes three main areas: tariff systems, non-tariff barriers, and strategic cooperation, although specific rates have not been disclosed to EU member states [6] - The outcome of the negotiations could lead to one of four scenarios: a modest reciprocal agreement, unilateral concessions, postponed talks, or a trade war, which would trigger retaliatory tariffs on US products [6] Group 3 - The negotiations reflect deeper economic tensions, with the Trump administration expanding tariffs to boost domestic manufacturing, while the EU seeks to balance multilateral trade systems against unilateralism [7] - As the deadline approaches, both parties are engaged in final negotiations over key terms such as tariff reduction levels, industry exemptions, and future tariff commitments, which will significantly influence transatlantic trade dynamics [7]

Group 1 - The 16th Summer Davos Forum highlighted global trade development as a key topic, with participants agreeing that China will play a significant role in addressing new trade dynamics [1][5] - The forum discussed the importance of maintaining a global multilateral trade system, noting that over 1200 discriminatory trade barriers are expected in 2024, posing unprecedented challenges to free trade [1] - Despite geopolitical conflicts and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global trade system has shown remarkable resilience [1][3] Group 2 - China is recognized as a crucial engine for economic growth, contributing approximately 30% to global economic expansion [5] - Chinese companies are increasingly integrating with global markets and enhancing industrial cooperation with various countries, which benefits global development [5] - The manufacturing and supply chain capabilities of China have significantly contributed to both domestic and international markets, emphasizing the need for maintaining normal trade relations [9] Group 3 - The Italian Deputy Minister of Enterprises and Made in Italy emphasized China's vital role in ensuring smooth global trade, highlighting the potential for cooperation between China and Italy [11] - Many participants at the forum expressed that the world needs cooperation and mutual success rather than a "jungle law" approach in the face of international economic challenges [13] - China continues to support economic globalization and multilateralism, gaining increasing trust from the international community [13]

Core Viewpoint - The Governor of the People's Bank of China, Pan Gongsheng, emphasized the need for reform in international financial organizations to better reflect the status of emerging markets and developing countries in the global economy [1] Group 1: Governance Reform - There has been a long-term lack of substantial adjustment in the shares and voting rights of major international financial organizations like the IMF and World Bank, which does not align with the actual economic standing of emerging markets and developing countries [1] - The international community should be aware of the unilateral policies of certain member countries that interfere with the governance and operation of international financial organizations [1] - It is essential for international financial organizations to advance governance reforms that dynamically reflect the relative positions of member countries in the global economy, thereby enhancing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries [1] Group 2: Economic Supervision and Globalization - In the context of high uncertainty in the global economy, international financial organizations should strengthen their economic supervision functions to objectively assess the risks faced by the global economy and individual countries [1] - There is a call for international financial organizations to actively guide countries to support economic globalization and the multilateral trade system [1] - Strengthening policy guidance among countries and enhancing macroeconomic policy coordination are crucial for maintaining the stability of the international financial system [1]

何立峰副总理强调"贸易战没有赢家"，并提出中美双方要"进一步发挥好中美经贸磋商机制作用，不断 增进共识、减少误解、加强合作"。 作为发展阶段、经济制度不同的两个大国，中美双方在经贸合作中出现分歧和摩擦是正常的。然而，国 际贸易不可忽视的本质是互利共赢。在全球产业链分工日益细化的今天，世界经济体系高度相互嵌套， 一荣俱荣，这种基于市场选择的自然合作是全球化资源配置的必然结果。近年来，随着美方当局违背经 济规律，倒行逆施单边主义与保护主义，全球政治、经济、贸易局势呈现出显著地恶化趋势。这种将经 贸问题政治化、安全化的做法，不仅撕裂了全球供应链的完整脉络，更在根本上动摇了多边贸易体系的 根基。历史与现实反复印证，贸易战没有赢家，霸凌打压只会造成多败皆伤的困境。当保护主义阴云笼 罩全球经济之际，理性回归的呼声正逐渐汇聚成强大的力量——发展中国家联合捍卫公平贸易原则，跨 国资本用投资选择表达对开放市场的信心，美国国内工商界和农业州也持续发出反制关税的抗议。来自 各方的呼吁清晰表明，世界经济的复苏需要拆除人为藩篱，全球秩序的重构亟须重返合作轨道。 伦敦会议的成果是中美双方正视经贸互利共赢本质，尝试回归经济理性的重要探索。 ...

Group 1 - The report from Harvard's Belfer Center indicates that the U.S. continues to lead China in key technology sectors such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, semiconductors, space, and quantum technology [1] - The report emphasizes the significant weight of private and public funding resources in the U.S., contrasting with other indices that show China leading in many research areas [1] - Michael Spence, a Nobel laureate, noted at the Tsinghua Wudaokou Global Financial Forum that the gap between the U.S. and China in AI is rapidly closing, with China making significant advancements in AI model training efficiency and research [1] Group 2 - China's economic performance in Q1 2025 showed a GDP of 31.8758 trillion yuan, growing 5.4% year-on-year, while the U.S. reported a GDP contraction of 0.3% on a seasonally adjusted annual rate [3] - Analysts highlighted that China's success in the rare earth supply chain has shifted the balance of power in trade negotiations, especially following U.S. tariffs [3] - The article discusses how the U.S. is dependent on Chinese supply chains despite its "America First" rhetoric, indicating a potential vulnerability in U.S. trade policy [5] Group 3 - A report tracking global sentiment towards China and the U.S. revealed that China's net favorability score reached 8.8, surpassing the U.S. score of -1.5, marking a significant shift in global perception [7] - The report suggests that this change in sentiment represents a blow to U.S. soft power, particularly among its key economic and military partners [7]

据环球网援引日本《朝日新闻》消息，日本和美国的第五轮关税谈判未取得进展，日本经济再生大臣赤泽亮表示双方尚未找到共识 。美日谈判陷入僵局， 而日本首相石破茂态度突变，这背后有着诸多复杂因素。 石破茂（资料图） 石破茂态度转变有着多方面原因。从经济利益考量，日本汽车产业是其经济支柱之一，若按照美国要求限制汽车出口，日本经济将遭受重创。农业方面，大 量农业就业岗位与当前农产品关税政策相关，降低关税会引发国内农业领域动荡。在外交层面，日本也在尝试多元化发展。日本加强与东盟国家的合作，积 极推动区域经济合作；在处理与中国关系上，也有积极信号释放，中国是日本重要的贸易伙伴，2023 年中日贸易额达 3500 亿美元，日本期望通过改善对华 关系，在经济合作中获取更多利益，减少对美国市场的过度依赖。此外，日本持有 1.1 万亿美元美债，这成为日本在谈判中的重要筹码，日本暗示必要时可 能抛售美债作为对美国关税政策的反制手段。 美日谈判若持续破裂，双方可能爆发贸易战。美国可能对日本汽车加征 25% 关税，日本也计划对 34 亿美元美国农产品实施反制。这不仅会冲击美日双边贸 易，还将影响全球供应链，特别是汽车和半导体产业。若达成协 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the escalation of U.S. protectionism through the increase of tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products from 25% to 50%, which poses significant risks to global trade stability [1] Impact on Bosnia and Herzegovina - The U.S. tariffs have a direct and severe impact on Bosnia and Herzegovina's defense industry, which constitutes over 60% of its exports to the U.S. The tariffs on this sector have risen from 12% to 35% [1] - Other sectors, including metals, are also affected by the increased tariffs, indicating a broader economic impact beyond just defense [1] Regional Trade Dynamics - Bosnia and Herzegovina, while not an EU member, has strong economic ties with the EU, particularly in the automotive manufacturing sector. The long-term effects of U.S. tariffs on Bosnian enterprises are significant and cannot be overlooked [1] Response to Tariff Challenges - The economist suggests that Western Balkan countries should collaborate and enhance communication to effectively respond to external shocks caused by U.S. tariffs [1] - The EU's response to U.S. tariffs is viewed as insufficient, lacking internal consensus, which hampers its ability to counteract U.S. economic pressure effectively [1] Long-term Economic Consequences - The article argues that unless the U.S. halts its aggressive tariff policies, true trade fairness will remain elusive. The U.S. approach is seen as treating trade partners as subordinates rather than equal collaborators, undermining international trust and cooperation [1] - The long-term outlook suggests that the U.S. economy may bear the greatest losses from its own protectionist measures [1] Call for a Fair Trade System - There is a call for major economies to work towards establishing a fairer and clearer global trade system, which would allow smaller economies like Bosnia and Herzegovina to thrive in a more balanced international trade environment [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Arab countries and China are committed to mutual support and maintaining a multilateral trade system that benefits developing countries, aiming for a fairer and more inclusive global economic governance system [1][2]. Group 1: Political and Economic Cooperation - The political, economic, and cultural exchanges between Arab countries and China are deepening based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation [2]. - The cooperation between the Arab Parliament and the National People's Congress of China enhances bilateral and multilateral coordination, particularly in legislative support for economic, cultural, and scientific cooperation [2]. Group 2: Stance on Global Issues - Both Arab countries and China share a common stance on global issues, supporting the principles of international law, strengthening multilateralism, and opposing hegemonism and double standards [2]. - The protectionist policies of certain countries, particularly the United States, are seen as harmful to international trade stability and detrimental to the interests of developing countries [2]. Group 3: Call for International Cooperation - There is a call for enhanced international cooperation to build a fairer and more inclusive global economic governance system that better protects the economic and developmental interests of developing countries [2].