【环球时报记者 白云怡 徐嘉彤 环球时报驻日本、德国特约记者 林雪原 青木】 编者的话： 2025年被普遍视为国际秩序加速重塑的一年。这一年里，国际安 全局势复杂严峻，多场战火在不同地区蔓延；这一年里，美国掀起一场世界范围内的"关税博弈"，为明年供应链稳定和世界经贸格局蒙上阴影；这一年里， 战后80年牢固的跨大西洋联盟关系裂痕凸显，欧洲陷入战略自主困境，美国社会撕裂与信任危机加剧；这一年里，世界多极化趋势加速，旧有秩序持续松 动，新的平衡亟待建立，中方提出全球治理倡议，为破解世界治理难题提供中国方案。在《环球时报》2025年最后一期报道中，我们为读者解读今年的国际 热词，盘点重大国际事件，由此透视新的一年国际风云的变化趋势。 完善全球治理 多边主义潮流不可逆转，四大全球倡议广受支持 今年是联合国成立80周年，9月23日，第80届联合国大会一般性辩论拉开帷幕。在这本来值得庆祝的时刻，"分歧""争执"等词语却频频出现在舆论场中，多 边主义正受到冲击。 2025年，世界多极化趋势加速，新兴市场国家和发展中国家群体性崛起，但在现行国际机制内，全球南方代表性仍显不足。此外，现行国际机制的权威性遭 到侵蚀、有效性面临质疑 ...

Group 1 - China proposed a global governance initiative at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit, receiving support from over 140 countries and organizations, marking a significant milestone in the organization's history [1] - The SCO summit was the largest and most fruitful since its establishment, outlining a 10-year development strategy and advocating for multilateral trade systems [1] - China will serve as the rotating presidency of the SCO from July 2024 to September 2025, hosting over 100 activities and achieving multiple cooperation agreements [1] Group 2 - The meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Trump in Busan is seen as a pivotal moment for U.S.-China relations, providing a new direction and injecting certainty into the global economy [2] - The international community views this meeting as an opportunity to reshape bilateral relations and address global challenges [2] Group 3 - China responded decisively to the U.S. imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods, employing a combination of tariff retaliation, WTO litigation, and entity list sanctions [3] - Ongoing discussions between China and the U.S. since May have yielded positive results, demonstrating that dialogue can lead to solutions [3] Group 4 - The U.S. implementation of "reciprocal tariffs" has raised global import costs and disrupted supply chains, increasing market uncertainty and the risk of stagflation [4] - This policy has undermined global investment and consumer confidence, threatening multilateral trade rules and pushing the world economy towards fragmentation [4] Group 5 - At the APEC summit, China emphasized the importance of open development and inclusive economic globalization, aiming to build a community in the Asia-Pacific region [5] - The summit's outcomes align with the expectations of APEC members and are expected to foster regional cooperation [5] Group 6 - The signing of the upgraded China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 agreement expands cooperation into emerging fields such as digital economy and green economy, promoting trade facilitation [6] - This agreement reflects a commitment to multilateralism and free trade, setting a precedent for addressing international economic challenges [6] Group 7 - Gold prices have consistently reached new highs, reflecting a decline in trust in the U.S. dollar, with gold trading above $4,000 per ounce [7] - The rise in precious metal prices is attributed to increased central bank reserves and a shift in global economic dynamics [7] Group 8 - The second China-Central Asia summit resulted in a commitment to high-quality development and strengthened cooperation among Central Asian countries [8] - The summit established a framework for future cooperation, with plans for the next summit in 2027 [8] Group 9 - The U.S. export controls on AI chips have significant implications for global technology innovation, affecting companies worldwide [10] - The restrictions have led to dissatisfaction among U.S. tech companies, prompting the government to reconsider its approach to AI chip exports [10]

Group 1 - The year 2025 has been marked by a mix of conflict and reconciliation, with crises and transformations coexisting, highlighting the challenges faced by humanity in addressing risks [2][11] - The global governance system is undergoing profound adjustments, with traditional international order facing systemic shocks and a risk of reverting to a "jungle law" scenario [11][12] - The rise of multipolarity is evident, with countries outside the traditional Western sphere increasingly asserting their voices and roles on the global stage [12][13] Group 2 - The year has seen significant geopolitical tensions, including military actions and the use of veto powers in international forums, which have hindered collective security efforts [11][12] - The impact of unilateralism and protectionism has been felt across various sectors, affecting agricultural producers and international trade dynamics [7][20] - Technological advancements have accelerated, but they also bring challenges related to climate, environment, and security, necessitating a search for more equitable governance frameworks [14][22] Group 3 - The implementation of international agreements and cooperation initiatives, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Belt and Road Initiative, reflects a commitment to open collaboration despite rising protectionist sentiments [21][22] - China's global governance initiatives aim to provide strategic guidance for building a community with a shared future, emphasizing the importance of justice, cooperation, and responsibility in addressing global challenges [22][23]

Group 1 - Africa is increasingly becoming a focal point in international affairs, with significant events such as coups and conflicts highlighting its challenges and potential [1][4] - The G20 summit in Johannesburg emphasized multilateral cooperation and support for developing countries, marking a pivotal moment for Africa's role in global governance [2][3] - The African Continental Free Trade Area is making substantial progress, with 48 countries having ratified the agreement, which is expected to boost intra-African trade significantly by 2045 [3] Group 2 - African nations face severe challenges including armed conflicts, political instability, and external pressures, which hinder their development [4][5] - There is a growing recognition among African countries that strategic autonomy and regional integration are essential for overcoming governance challenges and achieving sustainable development [5] - The recent initiatives, such as the first African summit in Ghana, aim to unify African voices and enhance their influence in global affairs [5] Group 3 - China continues to strengthen its trade relations with Africa, with trade volume surpassing $300 billion in 2025, maintaining its position as Africa's largest trading partner [7][8] - Infrastructure projects like the TAZARA railway are being revitalized to enhance regional connectivity and trade, which are crucial for economic growth [6][7] - The ongoing collaboration between China and African nations is seen as a model for global South cooperation, promoting mutual development and cultural exchange [7][8]

在当前保护主义抬头的背景下，国际贸易体系比以往任何时候都更需要《公约》这类提升运行效率的全 球规则。全球通用的技术性法律空白长期存在，叠加逆全球化趋势，进一步加剧了进出口企业对降低贸 易成本的迫切需求。对全球贸易体系而言，《公约》是在多边主义面临严峻挑战的形势下，经多方努力 在联合国达成的务实成果，充分证明以规则为基础的国际合作依然有效且不可或缺。 更重要的是，这一国际公共产品凝聚了中国的实践经验与智慧。它将中欧班列等成熟本土实践提炼为全 球贸易规则，标志着中国正从国际规则的被动"接受者"向主动"缔造者"转变。对企业而言，《公约》绝 非新增一张单证那么简单，更是全球中小微企业及广大发展中国家相关企业便捷获取融资的重要工具， 能切实帮助企业在动荡复杂的国际市场竞争中更好生存发展。 王 立 上周，第80届联合国大会正式审议通过《联合国可转让货物单证公约》（以下简称《公约》），并授权 加纳于2026年举办签约仪式。这是自1924年《海牙规则》以来，中国在运输领域引领制定的第一部国际 公约，是中国在涉外法治领域制度性话语权不断增强的一次生动实践，具有划时代意义。 中国是该《公约》的主要提案国与核心推动方。《公约》的顺 ...

Core Insights - In 2025, the Global South is expected to emerge as a significant driver of global economic growth, achieving a 4.2% economic growth rate compared to the global average of 3.2% [3] - The Global South is increasingly forming a new cooperation pattern through trade, investment, and technology, with South-South trade growing by approximately 8% in the past year [4] - China is playing a pivotal role in supporting the Global South through market openness, cooperation platforms, and financial assistance, including a $4 billion increase in the South-South cooperation fund [13] Economic Growth - The Global South is projected to contribute about 80% of global economic growth in 2025, with a continued growth rate of around 4.0% expected in 2026 [3] - The shift in supply chains towards the Global South is evident, with significant investments from Chinese companies in manufacturing bases in Thailand [3] Trade and Cooperation - The Global South is accelerating the formation of a new cooperation framework, highlighted by events such as the Global South Financial Forum and the ASEAN-China-GCC Summit [4] - The share of South-South trade in global trade has surpassed one-third, with a tenfold increase over the past 30 years [4] Global Governance - The Global South is actively working towards a more equitable global governance system, with initiatives like the global governance proposal presented by China at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization meeting [6] - The G20 summit in South Africa marked a significant moment for the Global South, placing their development needs at the forefront of the agenda [7] Security and Stability - Amidst global security challenges, the Global South is taking proactive steps to improve international security dynamics, including condemning attacks in conflict zones and advocating for multilateralism [9] - The Global South is transitioning from a passive role in international security to becoming a proactive advocate for peace and security solutions [10] China's Role - China is enhancing its support for the Global South through various initiatives, including zero-tariff policies for least developed countries and hosting international trade expos [11][13] - China's defense modernization efforts are also contributing to the collective security of the Global South, reinforcing their ability to maintain independent development [14]

Core Viewpoint - The rise of Global South countries is becoming a key force in maintaining international peace, driving global development, and improving global governance amidst a backdrop of geopolitical conflicts, unilateralism, and protectionism [1] Group 1: Independent Pursuit - The keyword for the Global South in 2025 is "independence," with countries increasingly pursuing their own development paths rather than following Western models [2] - In Africa, there is a growing movement to expel Western military presence, highlighted by France's withdrawal from military bases in West and Central Africa [2] - Latin American countries are vocal against U.S. interventions, with protests against U.S. actions in Venezuela and a call for regional autonomy and unity [2] Group 2: Strengthening Voices in Global Governance - Global South countries are actively advocating for justice and fairness on platforms like the United Nations, opposing hegemonic and unilateral actions [3] - The collective voice of the Global South is pushing for a more just stance on issues like the Israel-Palestine conflict, contrasting sharply with some Western positions [3] - The concept of the Global South has evolved beyond geography to symbolize shared historical experiences and the pursuit of independence and international discourse [3] Group 3: Economic Cooperation and Growth - The economic contribution of the Global South has surpassed 40% of the global economy, accounting for 80% of world economic growth, reshaping the global economic landscape [4] - Cooperation among developing countries is deepening across various sectors, creating a more complementary network for diversified growth [4] Group 4: China's Role in Global South Cooperation - China is committed to South-South cooperation, launching initiatives to ensure equitable development benefits for all nations [5] - Amidst complex international economic conditions, China is seen as a stabilizing force, providing reliability and predictability for cooperation among Global South countries [5] - China's actions are viewed as foundational for establishing a fairer and more inclusive global growth model [5] Group 5: Global Governance Reform - The Global South is becoming an active participant in shaping global governance, advocating for a more balanced and representative system [6] - Major summits hosted by Global South countries have led to significant agreements on climate change and development financing, reflecting a shift from rule acceptance to rule reshaping [6] - The narrative of the Global South is transitioning from seeking aid to offering solutions, particularly in the realm of global governance [6] Group 6: China's Global Governance Initiative - China is focused on enhancing the representation and voice of Global South countries in international affairs, proposing a global governance initiative that has garnered widespread support [7] - This initiative is seen as a timely response to the demands of the Global South, aiming for a fairer future world [7]

2025年全球治理面临严峻挑战，美西方推行单边主义，全球武装冲突持续，新兴挑战叠加。在此背景 下，全球南方国家主动担当，在经贸、气候、人工智能等领域积极作为，并在治理理念、方案和行动上 发力，成为推动全球治理变革的核心力量，为全球治理带来新希望。 2025年是"全球南方"在全球治理上值得大书特书的一年。在美西方国家日趋保守退却之际，全球南方国 家展现担当，在多边治理中的话语权显著提升，成为推动全球治理变革的核心力量。 全球治理遭遇严峻挑战 （来源：中工网） 徐飞彪 阅读提示 人工智能方面，全球南方国家积极推出治理方案。2025年金砖里约峰会首次就人工智能提出全球治理方 案，发布《金砖国家领导人关于人工智能全球治理的声明》，强调以负责任方式推动人工智能技术开 发、部署和应用，助力实现可持续发展和包容性增长。2025年7月，中国主办世界人工智能大会暨人工 智能全球治理高级别会议，倡议成立世界人工智能合作组织，凸显全球南方国家的能力与决心。 今年以来，世界经济不确定性升高，大国地缘博弈加剧，地区冲突延宕扩散，新兴挑战交织叠加，全球 治理"赤字"有增无减。尤其特朗普重返执政，美国背离自由开放政策，全面推行"美国优先" ...

Resilience - In 2025, China's GDP grew by 5.2% year-on-year, showcasing economic resilience amid global geopolitical tensions and trade disruptions [2][4] - The concept of "resilience" reflects China's ability to adapt and recover under pressure, maintaining social stability and economic growth [2][3] - China's commitment to peaceful development and multilateralism has garnered respect from over 140 countries and international organizations [3] Openness - The Hainan Free Trade Port officially commenced operations on December 18, marking a new phase in China's high-level opening-up strategy [6] - In the first 11 months of 2025, China achieved a total import and export value of 41.21 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.6% [7] - The implementation of the 240-hour visa-free transit policy led to a 27.2% increase in foreign visitors, indicating a growing interest in China [8] Innovation - China's global innovation index ranking improved from 34th in 2012 to 10th in 2025, highlighting the country's focus on technological advancement [10] - The 20th National Congress emphasized the integration of technological and industrial innovation as a key development strategy [11] - China has actively engaged in international cooperation on innovation, promoting shared benefits and open-source initiatives [12] Win-Win Cooperation - China remains committed to high-level openness and sharing development opportunities with the world, as evidenced by the signing of the upgraded China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 agreement [13][14] - The establishment of the IMF Shanghai Center and the International Mediation Institute in Hong Kong reflects China's role in enhancing global economic cooperation [13][14] - China's infrastructure projects, such as the China-Laos Railway and the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, have fostered regional economic growth and cooperation [15] Security - The "Asia Security Model" proposed by China emphasizes dialogue and cooperation, contrasting with Western zero-sum security perspectives [16] - In 2025, global armed conflicts reached unprecedented levels, highlighting the need for collaborative security efforts [17] - China's proactive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region aims to build a stable and prosperous environment through mutual respect and cooperation [18][19] Green Development - China announced its first absolute reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions, aiming for a 7%-10% decrease by 2035 [20] - The country has become a leader in renewable energy, producing approximately 80% of the world's solar panels and 70% of wind turbines [21] - China's commitment to green technology and sustainable practices has been recognized globally, with significant contributions to reducing carbon emissions [22]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the urgent need for systemic transformation to drive the global transition towards a green, resilient, and inclusive future, particularly in the context of climate change and sustainable development challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Infrastructure and Climate Goals - Infrastructure is responsible for approximately 79% of greenhouse gas emissions and consumes 88% of climate adaptation funds, while influencing up to 92% of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [5][11]. - Immediate and radical changes in the planning, delivery, and management of infrastructure are necessary to meet the Paris Agreement and SDGs [5][11]. - There is a unique opportunity to align infrastructure decisions with global and national climate goals, integrating inclusive and rights-based climate action [12][32]. Group 2: Clean Energy Transition - Infrastructure is key to the clean energy transition, necessitating a significant reduction in its carbon footprint and support for decarbonization in sectors like energy, transport, and buildings [6][34]. - UNOPS is committed to ensuring access to affordable sustainable energy and supporting a just transition away from fossil fuels [6][34]. Group 3: AI and Governance - The rise of AI is closely linked to the clean energy transition, with significant increases in energy demand from global data centers [7][36]. - AI presents opportunities to reduce costs and emissions, but countries are starting from unequal positions in managing its benefits and risks [7][36]. - Ethical and inclusive governance is essential to prevent AI from exacerbating global inequalities [7][36]. Group 4: Global Governance and Implementation Gaps - There are significant gaps in policy, financing, and implementation that hinder progress towards the SDGs, with a widening divide between ambitions and the capacity to deliver results [8][38]. - Many developing countries are facing a debt-driven development crisis, making it crucial to reform global financial structures to achieve climate and development goals [8][39]. - Investment in systems that enable sustainable planning, financing, and implementation is necessary to build long-term resilience [8][39]. Group 5: UNOPS Commitment and Future Outlook - UNOPS focuses on practical implementation support to create resilient, sustainable, and inclusive infrastructure [9][40]. - The organization aims to strengthen transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public investment and service delivery [9][41]. - Greater global solidarity is essential for developing countries to have the necessary tools and resources for sustainable futures [9][41]. Group 6: China's Role in Climate Action - China's role is pivotal in accelerating progress towards the SDGs, with UNOPS committed to supporting inclusive development and climate resilience [10][42]. - The partnership between UNOPS and China aims to advance green, inclusive, and resilient development through collaborative efforts [10][42].