Group 1 - The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit in Tianjin is expected to foster political consensus, stimulate cooperation, and promote a new phase of high-quality development for the SCO [1][2][3] - The summit will focus on defining the SCO's development strategy for the next decade, emphasizing the "Shanghai Spirit" which promotes mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and common development [2][3] - The SCO has been recognized as a significant multilateral cooperation platform that enhances mutual trust and promotes peace and development, attracting global attention [2][3][4] Group 2 - The summit is anticipated to create new opportunities for development, particularly in clean energy and sustainable practices, as highlighted by experts from various countries [4][5] - The SCO's commitment to inclusive development and connectivity is expected to be a focal point, with discussions on enhancing cooperation in transportation, digital technology, and cultural exchanges [5][6] - The SCO is seen as a stabilizing force in a turbulent world, with expectations that the summit will contribute to a more just and equitable global governance system [6][7]

新华社北京8月29日电 题：弘扬"上海精神" 凝聚"上合力量"——多国人士热切期待2025年上海合作 组织峰会举行 新华社记者阚静文 席玥 马倩 2025年上海合作组织峰会将于8月31日至9月1日在天津举行，中国国家主席习近平将同20多位外国领导 人和10位国际组织负责人聚首海河之滨。习近平主席将主持上合组织成员国元首理事会会议和"上合组 织+"会议，并分别在上述两场会议上发表主旨讲话。 确立于上合组织诞生之初的"上海精神"，秉持"互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发 展"理念，是上合组织发展壮大的生命力所在。 在科威特《报章报》国际部主编沙尔贝勒·巴拉卡特看来，"上海精神"强调多样性、倡导团结合作、追 求共同发展，成为上合组织发展壮大的"成功密码"，让上合组织展现出强大的吸引力和凝聚力。他期 待，在习近平主席和各国领导人共同引领下，2025年上合组织峰会进一步凝聚共识、完善合作机制，推 动上合组织为地区乃至世界的和平发展作出更大贡献。 上合组织成立24年来，在"上海精神"指引下，从6个创始成员国发展成为覆盖亚欧非三大洲26个国家 的"上合组织大家庭"，成为当今世界覆盖面积最广、人口最多的区域性国 ...

Group 1 - The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit will be held from August 31 to September 1 in Tianjin, with over 20 foreign leaders and 10 international organization heads attending [1] - The summit aims to further consolidate cooperation consensus among SCO member states and provide important guidance for the organization's development blueprint [1][2] - The concept of "Shanghai Spirit," which emphasizes mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and common development, is seen as the foundation for the SCO's steady growth [2][3] Group 2 - The SCO has expanded from 6 founding member countries to 26 countries across Asia, Europe, and Africa, making it the largest regional international organization in terms of area and population [3] - The upcoming summit is expected to enhance consensus and cooperation mechanisms among member states, contributing to regional and global peace [3][4] - China is committed to supporting high-quality development within the SCO and will announce new initiatives during the summit [6][7] Group 3 - The summit is significant as it coincides with the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the establishment of the United Nations [8] - The SCO is viewed as a platform for maintaining fairness and justice, practicing multilateralism, and improving global governance [8]

Core Viewpoint - The diversity among Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states is reflected in their various political systems, cultural traditions, and economic development levels, while the commonality within this diversity serves as the foundation for unity and cooperation among these countries [1][2]. Group 1: Diversity and Commonality - The SCO member states are characterized by significant differences in territory, population, and economic development, as well as distinct political and cultural backgrounds, including Chinese, Slavic, Islamic, and Indian civilizations [1][2]. - The historical and geographical connections among SCO member countries, rooted in the ancient Silk Road, facilitate their cooperation [2]. Group 2: Shanghai Spirit and Cooperation - The "Shanghai Spirit" is a core value that guides the SCO in addressing the differences among its members, promoting mutual benefit rather than zero-sum games, and fostering an open and inclusive approach to regional cooperation [2]. - The SCO has expanded its cooperation areas, now comprising 26 countries, and continues to innovate in regional cooperation models [2]. Group 3: Role in International Affairs - The SCO actively participates in international affairs and global governance, addressing major international and regional issues, as evidenced by its recent initiatives and declarations on food security, energy security, and climate change [3]. - The upcoming 2024 Astana Summit will endorse the "Initiative for Promoting World Justice, Harmony, and Development," highlighting the SCO's commitment to international stability and a fair global order [3]. Group 4: Future Directions - Future cooperation directions for the SCO include enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting artificial intelligence talent development, and focusing on security governance [3]. - The organization has recently expanded its cooperation areas to include digital economy, urban governance, and media think tanks, with over a hundred activities planned during China's presidency from 2024 to 2025 [3]. Group 5: Upcoming Summit - The 2025 Tianjin Summit will be significant in reinforcing the post-World War II international order and improving global governance, with a focus on sustainable development in areas like green energy and smart city construction [4]. - The summit will approve the "SCO Future Development Strategy for the Next 10 Years," which is expected to gather consensus and strengthen the SCO community [4].

Group 1 - The 2025 POMS China Summer School was held from August 18 to 22 at Northeast University of Finance and Economics, attracting 160 young scholars and graduate students from 51 universities worldwide [1][3] - The theme of the summer school was "Digital Technology-Driven Operations Management and Social Governance Transformation," supported by the China Association for Science and Technology's "China-US Young Scientists Exchange Program" [1][3] - The event featured prominent speakers including former POMS President Nagesh Murthy, current POMS President Subodha Kumar, and other renowned scholars from institutions like Tsinghua University and Peking University [3][5] Group 2 - The curriculum covered cutting-edge topics such as big data governance, artificial intelligence decision-making, supply chain resilience, emergency management, and global governance, reflecting the teaching philosophy of "International Methods, Chinese Issues" [3][5] - Participants included doctoral and outstanding master's students from top Chinese universities and international institutions, primarily in management, economics, and public administration [3][5] - Since its inception in 2019, the POMS China Summer School has become a significant platform for young scholars' exchange in management science, enhancing the international perspective and research capabilities of Chinese students [5]

Core Viewpoint - The "Belt and Road" initiative serves as an inclusive global public product and international cooperation platform, addressing global governance challenges and promoting development through infrastructure connectivity and innovative rule-making [1][5]. Group 1: Hard Connectivity - The "Belt and Road" initiative addresses global governance deficits by enhancing infrastructure development in developing countries, breaking structural barriers in global economic governance [2]. - The China-Europe Railway Express has surpassed 110,000 trips, establishing a vital supply chain link between Asia and Europe, countering trade barriers and ensuring stability [2]. - Key port constructions, such as the Piraeus Port in Greece and Gwadar Port in Pakistan, are reshaping global shipping patterns and improving regional logistics efficiency [2]. - Major infrastructure projects like the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway and the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway are crucial for regional economic activation and improving living standards [2]. Group 2: Soft Connectivity - The "Belt and Road" initiative innovates rule supply and optimizes international trade and financial investment mechanisms, aiming for a fairer and more efficient global governance framework [3]. - The initiative enhances planning coordination and standard recognition among participating countries, increasing their adaptability in global challenges [3]. - The establishment of over 100 industrial parks emphasizes equitable benefit-sharing and local interests, fostering new cooperation advantages [3]. Group 3: Heart Connectivity - The "Belt and Road" initiative redefines development paradigms and provides new perspectives for addressing deep-rooted global governance issues [4]. - Projects like "Ten Thousand Villages Connected" in Africa enhance local access to information and opportunities, improving the quality of life [4]. - The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Silk Road Fund offer diverse financing options for hundreds of projects, complementing traditional financial institutions and catering to the needs of developing countries [4]. Group 4: Overall Contribution - The "Belt and Road" initiative significantly enhances global governance by improving infrastructure connectivity and activating regional economic cooperation [5]. - It innovates rule coordination and standard recognition mechanisms, promoting the evolution of development concepts [5]. - Despite facing challenges such as geopolitical risks and the need for further expansion of rule coordination, the initiative remains a beacon of certainty in an uncertain international environment [5].

Core Viewpoint - The "Belt and Road" initiative serves as an inclusive global public product and international cooperation platform, addressing global governance challenges and promoting development through infrastructure connectivity and cooperation in various fields [1][5]. Group 1: Hard Connectivity - The "Belt and Road" initiative addresses global governance deficits by enhancing infrastructure development in developing countries, breaking structural barriers in global economic governance [2]. - The China-Europe Railway Express has surpassed 110,000 trips, establishing a vital supply chain link between Asia and Europe, countering trade barriers and ensuring stability [2]. - Key port constructions, such as the Piraeus Port in Greece and Gwadar Port in Pakistan, are reshaping global shipping patterns and improving regional logistics efficiency [2]. - Major cross-regional infrastructure projects like the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway and the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway are crucial for regional economic activation and improving living standards [2]. Group 2: Soft Connectivity - The initiative innovates rule supply and optimizes international trade and financial investment mechanisms, aiming to create fair and efficient global governance rules [3]. - The China-Europe Railway Express facilitates rule coordination and procedural simplification among participating countries [3]. - China's leadership in establishing international standards for renewable energy is aiding in climate change mitigation and promoting green governance [3]. - Over 100 global industrial parks emphasize equitable benefit-sharing and local interests, fostering new cooperation advantages [3]. Group 3: Heart Connectivity - The "Belt and Road" initiative redefines development paradigms and provides new perspectives for addressing deep-rooted global governance issues [4]. - Projects like "Ten Thousand Villages Connected" in Africa enhance local access to information and opportunities, improving the quality of life [4]. - The promotion of mushroom cultivation technology in 107 countries helps farmers engage in higher value-added industries [4]. - The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Silk Road Fund offer diverse financing options for hundreds of projects, complementing traditional international financial institutions [4]. Group 4: Contributions and Challenges - The "Belt and Road" initiative significantly enhances global governance by improving infrastructure connectivity and activating regional economic cooperation [5]. - Despite facing challenges such as geopolitical risks and the need for further expansion of rule coordination, the initiative remains a beacon of certainty in an uncertain international environment [5].

Global Governance Challenges - The world is experiencing unprecedented changes, leading to increased instability and uncertainty, making global governance a critical issue for all nations [1][2] - Key global challenges include long-term economic stagnation, frequent regional conflicts, severe climate change, a global food crisis, rising poverty and inequality, and an expanding digital divide [3][4] China's Role in Global Governance - China is actively participating in global governance reforms, advocating for equal rights, opportunities, and rules among nations, and contributing to global peace and development [5][6] - As a major economic power, China has enhanced its international influence and is expected to provide solutions to global challenges [5][6] Economic Governance - Global economic governance is essential for establishing international rules in monetary finance and trade, especially in the face of rising unilateralism and protectionism [7][8] - China emphasizes the need for macroeconomic policy coordination among countries to create an open and inclusive international economic environment [7][8] Financial Governance - There is a call for improving global financial governance to enhance stability and address risks, particularly for developing countries [8][9] - China advocates for reforms in international financial institutions to increase the representation and voice of developing countries [8][9] Trade Governance - China is committed to maintaining a multilateral trade system and opposing unilateralism, contributing to global trade and investment growth through initiatives like the Belt and Road [9][10] - The country aims to restore the normal functioning of the World Trade Organization and promote trade and investment liberalization [9][10] Development Governance - China is addressing global development deficits by providing significant financing for sustainable development projects and sharing its development experiences [10][11] - The country is also focused on bridging the digital divide and enhancing technological cooperation to support developing nations [11][12] Environmental Governance - Global environmental governance faces significant challenges, including climate change and biodiversity loss, exacerbated by the weakening consensus among developed countries [12][13] - China is taking steps to promote green development and actively participates in international climate negotiations, advocating for equitable responsibilities among nations [15][16][17]

当日，中国国际问题研究院在北京举办《蓝皮书》发布会。全书分上下两篇，上篇重点分析国际战略态 势、区域国别形势和世界经济、地区热点、全球治理等新走势，下篇专门论述中国外交政策和中外关系 新进展。 《蓝皮书》说，在逆全球化思潮愈演愈烈、地缘战略博弈加剧的背景下，全球治理赤字凸显。与此同 时，以联合国未来峰会成功举办为标志，世界上大多数国家呼吁重振多边合作、改革全球治理体系、共 同应对全球性挑战，全球南方崛起成为推动全球治理变革的建设性力量。 中新网北京8月21日电 (曾玥刘梦青)21日发布的《国际形势和中国外交蓝皮书(2024/2025)》(简称《蓝皮 书》)指出，国际战略态势持续深刻复杂演变，全球南方战略自主、联合自强的势头持续增强，世界多 极化潮流不可逆转，百年变局的大势走向更加清晰。 《蓝皮书》指出，作为全球南方的当然成员，中国在全球治理完善发展中的作用更加凸显，帮助广大发 展中国家实现自主发展，坚定维护发展中国家共同利益，汇聚全球南方的团结潮流。(完) （文章来源：中国新闻网） ...

Core Viewpoint - The publication of "A New History of World War II" serves to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the global anti-fascist war, emphasizing the importance of historical reflection in shaping a more just international order [3][4]. Group 1: Publication Details - "A New History of World War II" is edited by the Institute of World History at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and is available in Chinese and English, with French, Russian, and Spanish versions to be released soon [2]. - The book consists of six sections and was written by a team of experts from various prestigious institutions, including the Military Academy and several universities [4]. Group 2: Historical Significance - The book highlights the role of the anti-fascist united front in defeating fascist powers, asserting that the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War was a crucial part of the global anti-fascist struggle [3][9]. - It challenges the previous narrative of an 8-year war, proposing a 14-year timeline for the Chinese resistance, thus reflecting a significant shift in the understanding of World War II within Chinese academia [9]. Group 3: Research and Methodology - The research utilized a wealth of primary sources and data, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of World War II from a Chinese perspective, breaking away from Western-centric narratives [4][9]. - The English version of the book was translated using artificial intelligence, specifically the DeepSeek model, which raised concerns about the quality and emotional depth of the translation [10].