Core Insights - The second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition has made significant contributions to ecological protection and collaborative development, focusing on four main areas [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Contributions - The expedition clarified the systematic and unique aspects of ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, providing scientific support for the legislation of the "Ecological Protection Law of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" [1]. - The scientific team participated in all legislative processes, including drafting, research, and finalization, integrating their findings into the law [1]. Group 2: Risk Assessment and Infrastructure Safety - The team assessed disaster risks along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, ensuring the safety of major engineering projects [2]. - They evaluated risks at 52 critical disaster points along the railway, successfully avoiding over 97% of mountain disasters and optimizing over 400 kilometers of the railway route [1][2]. Group 3: Sustainable Development Initiatives - The expedition established multiple platforms for earth system observation and disaster monitoring, supporting local disaster prevention and promoting integrated environmental protection [2]. - The team proposed a regional model for green and sustainable development, emphasizing the integration of various ecological elements [2]. Group 4: International Collaboration and Climate Change - The team collaborated with international organizations to provide scientific solutions for global ecological protection, publishing significant reports that garnered international attention [2]. - The "Gongga Model" for atmospheric carbon balance was certified by the "Global Carbon Project," contributing to global climate change efforts [2]. Group 5: Overall Achievements - Since its launch in August 2017, the second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition has organized over 2,800 teams and more than 30,000 participants, establishing multiple world records and advancing foundational research in earth system science [2].

Core Viewpoint - Open science is emerging as a transformative paradigm in research, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and open sharing of scientific knowledge to address global challenges [1][2][3] Group 1: Importance of Open Science - Open science is essential for enhancing scientific collaboration and information sharing, allowing science to benefit society [1] - The necessity for open science is increasingly urgent due to global sustainability demands, such as climate change and biodiversity [1][2] - Open science represents a shift from traditional research paradigms, advocating for open access to research results and data [1] Group 2: Challenges and Solutions - The current era is characterized by complex, interconnected challenges that cannot be addressed by individual countries or laboratories alone [2] - To promote open science, it is crucial to improve policy environments, share experiences, and create frameworks that support open science initiatives [3] - Establishing a global scientific community is vital for addressing challenges like climate change and health crises, necessitating international collaboration on large-scale scientific projects [3] Group 3: Mechanisms for Open Science - Enhancing the sharing of research infrastructure and establishing international open sharing platforms can improve efficiency and resource utilization [3] - Open sharing is viewed as a potential accelerator for increasing research efficiency, speeding up technology diffusion, and fostering cross-national collaboration [2]