Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the characteristics of historical bull and bear markets, the performance of different investment styles during these periods, and the current stage of the bull market in A-shares, providing insights on how to respond to market conditions [1][3][30]. Market Performance Overview - A-shares have seen an overall increase since the beginning of 2024, with the CSI All Share Index achieving a maximum increase of 56.98% from early 2024 to August 21, 2025 [3]. - The growth style, represented by the ChiNext Index, has performed strongly with a maximum increase of 82.16%, while the value style, represented by the CSI 300 Value Index, has seen a lower maximum increase of 45.13% during the same period [4]. Historical Market Review - From 2012 to 2014, A-shares experienced a bear market with a maximum drawdown of 39.24% due to poor fundamentals and declining corporate profits [6]. - In the second half of 2014, financial stocks surged following a series of monetary easing policies, with the Securities Industry Total Return Index rising by 206.91% from July 1 to the end of 2014 [8][9]. - The first half of 2015 saw a significant rise in small-cap and growth stocks, leading to a "leverage bull market," with the CSI All Share Index climbing from over 2000 points to over 8000 points [10]. - However, the market experienced a sharp decline in the second half of 2015, with a significant drop in valuations [13]. - From 2016 to 2017, value and consumer stocks led the market as corporate fundamentals improved, resulting in a slow bull market for value stocks [14]. Current Market Stage - The current market resembles the 2015-2016 period, with stimulus policies beginning to take effect and corporate fundamentals showing signs of recovery [31]. - If corporate earnings continue to improve in the upcoming quarters, there is potential for further market growth, similar to past economic recovery phases [32]. Investment Strategy - In the current market, characterized by a 4-star to 4.9-star rating, it is still relatively inexpensive to allocate funds to stock assets [36]. - The recommended allocation strategy suggests investing 60% of funds in stock funds and 40% in bond funds, adjusting based on age [36].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the cyclical nature of the A-share market, highlighting the similarities and differences between past market conditions (2013-2017) and the current situation (2023-2024), emphasizing the importance of fundamental recovery for future market performance [2][6][9]. Group 1: Market Trends and Historical Context - In 2015, the A-share market experienced a significant rise due to loose control over leveraged investments, with the index soaring from around 2000 points to over 8000 points, followed by a sharp decline in the second half of the year [2]. - The period from 2016 to 2017 saw a recovery in the fundamentals of A-share listed companies, leading to a slow bull market for value stocks, which outperformed after a period of underperformance [3][4]. - The market dynamics from 2013 to 2017 included phases where large-cap, small-cap, growth, and value stocks all had their moments, but many investors suffered losses due to chasing trends [5]. Group 2: Current Market Conditions and Future Outlook - The current market environment in 2023-2024 is characterized by low fundamentals and declining corporate profits, similar to the conditions seen in 2015-2016 [6][9]. - With the Federal Reserve's first interest rate cut in September 2024, and corresponding domestic policies, the market is expected to see an initial rise, particularly in sectors like securities and insurance [8]. - By 2025, growth sectors such as small-cap, technology, and pharmaceuticals are anticipated to lead the market, while value and consumer sectors may remain subdued [8]. - The potential for a market uptrend hinges on the recovery of corporate fundamentals, with historical precedents suggesting that economic recovery can lead to significant market rallies [9].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In May 2025, the A - share market showed narrow - range oscillations. The market is mainly pricing the progress of fundamental recovery, and the capital market's ability to boost valuations is limited. In June, with previous reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts already implemented, direct positive factors for the stock market are expected to be limited, and the market will likely continue to oscillate. The style - switching observation window in 2025 may be in August [3]. - The large - cap indices have outperformed small - cap indices for three consecutive months since March. The basis discount of stock index futures is relatively large, mainly affected by market hedging demand and periodic dividend factors [3]. - The Q1 2025 financial reports of A - share listed companies show a mixed performance. Although there are signs of profit recovery, it remains to be seen whether companies can maintain their Q1 net profit levels under the background of the tariff war, and the accounts receivable ratio is rising. The valuation of A - shares is at a historical median, and future quasi - stabilization funds are expected to maintain the overall stability of A - share valuations [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Monthly Highlights of Stock Index Futures - **Market Oscillation**: In May, the A - share market had narrow - range oscillations. Wind All - A rose 2.39% monthly, CSI 1000 rose 1.28%, CSI 500 rose 0.7%, SSE 50 rose 1.73%, and SSE 300 rose 1.85%. The large - cap indices have outperformed small - cap indices for three consecutive months since March. In June, the stock market is expected to continue oscillating, and the style - switching window in 2025 may be in August [3]. - **Basis Discount**: The basis discount of stock index futures is relatively large. It mainly reflects market hedging demand, which depends on the existence of obvious Alpha returns. Dividend factors also have a significant impact on the basis discount. For example, the discount caused by dividends in CSI 1000 contracts ranges from 35 to 55 points [3]. - **Q1 Financial Reports**: After excluding finance, the year - on - year revenue growth rate of A - shares in Q1 was - 0.33%, and the net profit year - on - year was 3.4%. ROE was 6.34%, in the bottoming stage of a downward cycle. The performance of Q1 financial reports was mixed, indicating that the profitability of listed companies is still bottoming out, but there are signs of recovery [3]. 3.2 Market Conditions in May - **Index Performance**: The large - cap indices outperformed small - cap indices for three consecutive months. At the end of May, the yield of the 10 - year active Treasury bond was 1.72%, the dynamic P/E ratio of Wind All - A was 18.93 times, and the equity risk premium declined slightly. The valuations of CSI 1000 and SSE 300 increased slightly compared to the previous month [15][17]. - **Volatility and Margin Funds**: The implied volatility of index options continued to decline, with 1000IV at 21.64% and 300IV at 15.96%. The margin balance remained unchanged for three consecutive weeks, with relatively little marginal capital. At the end of May, it was 1.792 trillion yuan [24]. - **Sector Performance**: In May, the banking, non - banking finance, and pharmaceutical biology sectors drove the index, while TMT and power equipment sectors performed weakly [25]. 3.3 Index and Option Indicators - **Index Performance and Basis Discount**: CSI 1000 rose 1.28% monthly, CSI 500 rose 0.7%, SSE 300 rose 1.85%, and SSE 50 rose 1.73%. The basis discount annualization of each index showed a divergent upward trend [35][41][46]. - **Option Indicators**: For CSI 1000, SSE 300, and SSE 50 options, historical volatility, volatility cones, position PCR, and trading PCR data are provided, but no specific analysis conclusions are given [48][57][65]. 3.4 Trading Slippage - Trading slippage data for IM, IC, IF, and IH are provided, including long - and short - position slippage, but no specific analysis conclusions are given [73][76][78]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No specific industry investment rating provided in the report. 2. Report Core Views - **Stock Index**: Extreme conservative House members threaten to block Trump's tax - cut bill, and the White House warns that killing the bill would be an "ultimate betrayal". The EU says the US negotiation proposal is unrealistic and has a new plan. The US states that the Treasury Secretary and the Japanese Finance Minister did not discuss exchange - rate levels at the G7 meeting. Shanghai releases a special action plan to boost consumption. The domestic market rotation is fast, the main driving force of the market is weak, and the stock index may fluctuate [1]. - **Treasury Bonds**: The suppression of bonds by the equity market is limited. Treasury bond futures show strong buying support near the technical support level in the afternoon. The market is looking for cost - effectiveness, and the allocation funds favor long - term local bonds in central regions with sufficient spread protection. In the medium - to - long term, the upside space of yields is relatively limited under the background that the logic of loose liquidity remains and the signal of fundamental recovery needs to be verified. However, the short - term market lacks clear catalysts and the trend is in a stalemate [3]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Stock Index - **Market Review**: The main contract futures of CSI 300 rose 0.43%, the main contract futures of SSE 50 rose 0.46%, the main contract futures of CSI 500 rose 0.13%, and the main contract futures of CSI 1000 fell 0.18% [6]. - **Technical Analysis**: The KDJ indicator of the Shanghai Composite Index shows that it may fluctuate and there is an adjustment risk [7]. - **Strategy Suggestion**: Adopt a defensive and wait - and - see strategy [2]. Treasury Bonds - **Market Review**: The 10 - year main contract rose 0%, the 5 - year main contract rose 0.03%, the 30 - year main contract rose 0.27%, and the 2 - year main contract rose 0.02% [9]. - **Technical Analysis**: The KDJ indicator of the T main contract shows an oscillating operation and may rebound [10]. - **Strategy Suggestion**: Bullish in the short term [4]. Futures Data - On May 21, 2025, the closing prices, price changes, trading volumes, and open interests of various stock index and treasury bond futures contracts are provided in a table [12].