Monetary Policy Operations - The People's Bank of China conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation amounting to 181.7 billion yuan at an interest rate of 1.40%, unchanged from previous operations [1] - The overnight and 7-day Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (Shibor) slightly decreased, while the 14-day Shibor fell by over 10 basis points [1][2] Shibor Rates - As of September 28, the overnight Shibor decreased by 0.70 basis points to 1.3140%, the 7-day Shibor fell by 0.40 basis points to 1.4970%, and the 14-day Shibor dropped by 10.90 basis points to 1.5370% [2] Interbank Repo Market - In the interbank pledged repo market, the 7-day rates increased while the 14-day rates significantly decreased. The weighted average rates for DR001 and R001 fell by 0.6 basis points and 1.2 basis points, respectively, while DR007 and R007 rates rose by 2.4 basis points and 8.4 basis points [4] Market Conditions - On September 28, due to a holiday adjustment, most non-bank institutions were absent, leading to a relaxed funding environment. Overnight repo rates were around 1.45%, while rates for credit and certificates of deposit were between 1.90% and 1.95% [8] - A total of 44 interbank certificates of deposit were issued, with an actual issuance volume of 107.74 billion yuan [8] Secondary Market Activity - Trading sentiment in the secondary market was relatively quiet due to the holiday adjustment, with prices remaining stable compared to the previous trading day. The 1-month national bank stock ended at 1.66%, unchanged from the previous day [9]

Group 1 - The central bank has conducted a 600 billion MLF operation today, resulting in a net injection of 300 billion, indicating a continued loose liquidity environment [1][2][3] - The average yield of medium to long-term pure bond funds since the beginning of the year is only 0.29%, marking one of the worst years for bond investments [1] - The macro leverage ratio of China's non-financial sector reached 292.2% in Q1 2025, significantly higher than the average of developed economies at 252% [1] Group 2 - Jiangxi province has issued various local government bonds with different maturities and interest rates, including a 5-year bond at 1.80% and a 30-year bond at 2.46% [2] - The central bank has been increasing MLF operations for seven consecutive months, with expectations that market interest rates will not rise significantly in the fourth quarter [2][3] - The National Development Bank ETF has shown a 1.54% increase over the past year, with a trading volume of 330.73 million as of September 24, 2025 [3] Group 3 - The management fee for the National Development Bank ETF is 0.15%, and the custody fee is 0.05%, which are among the lowest in comparable funds [4] - The tracking error for the National Development Bank ETF over the past month is 0.011%, indicating high tracking precision compared to similar funds [5]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content Group 2: Core View of the Report - The short - term view of the stock index is wide - range oscillation, the medium - term view is upward, and the intraday view is weakly oscillating. The core logic is that the profit - taking demand of profitable funds has increased, leading to a short - term technical adjustment of the stock index, but in the long - term, policy support and loose capital will drive the stock index up [1][5] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Variety View Reference - Financial Futures Stock Index Sector - For IH2509, the short - term view is oscillation, the medium - term view is upward, the intraday view is weakly oscillating, and the overall view is wide - range oscillation. The core logic is that the long - and medium - term upward logic still exists, but the short - term profit - taking willingness of funds has increased [1] Main Variety Price Market Driving Logic - Financial Futures Stock Index Sector - The varieties include IF, IH, IC, IM. The intraday view is weakly oscillating, the medium - term view is upward, and the reference view is wide - range oscillation. Yesterday, the stock indexes oscillated weakly and fell sharply. The full - day trading volume of the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing stock markets was 2581.9 billion yuan, an increase of 186.2 billion yuan from the previous day, and nearly 3000 stocks in the whole market fell. Some stocks have achieved large increases, so the profit - taking demand of profitable funds has risen, causing a short - term technical adjustment of the stock index, especially for the CSI 500 and CSI 1000 indexes. In the long - term, policy support and loose capital will drive the stock index up [5]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - On September 4, 2025, all stock indices showed weak oscillations and significant declines. The total trading volume of the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing stock markets was 2581.9 billion yuan, an increase of 186.2 billion yuan from the previous day, and nearly 3000 stocks declined. Due to the significant gains of some stocks, the profit - taking demand of profit - making funds increased, leading to a short - term technical adjustment in the stock indices, with the CSI 500 and CSI 1000 indices being more affected. However, in the medium - to - long term, the positive policy expectations and loose capital situation strongly support the stock indices, and the logic of their upward movement remains strong. Recently, the joint working group of the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China held its second group leader meeting, indicating a clear expectation of policy support for the economy. The liquidity is relatively loose, and in the context of the "asset shortage", the attractiveness of equity assets is strong, with incremental funds continuously flowing in, which will drive the repair of stock valuations. In general, due to the increased profit - taking demand of profit - making funds, the stock indices are expected to fluctuate widely in the short term. Currently, the implied volatility of options continues to rise. Considering the medium - to - long - term upward trend of the stock indices, one can continue to hold bull spreads or ratio spreads for a mild bullish view [3]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Option Indicators - On September 4, 2025, the 50ETF fell 1.72% to 3.034; the 300ETF (Shanghai Stock Exchange) fell 2.04% to 4.456; the 300ETF (Shenzhen Stock Exchange) fell 2.11% to 4.593; the CSI 300 Index fell 2.12% to 4365.21; the CSI 1000 Index fell 2.30% to 7041.15; the 500ETF (Shanghai Stock Exchange) fell 2.32% to 6.779; the 500ETF (Shenzhen Stock Exchange) fell 2.62% to 2.710; the GEM ETF fell 4.15% to 2.751; the Shenzhen 100ETF fell 2.54% to 3.226; the SSE 50 Index fell 1.71% to 2910.47; the STAR 50ETF fell 6.08% to 1.28; and the E Fund STAR 50ETF fell 6.22% to 1.25 [5]. - The trading volume PCR and position PCR of various ETF options and index options changed compared to the previous trading day. For example, the trading volume PCR of SSE 50ETF options was 94.23 (75.73 the previous day), and the position PCR was 81.16 (87.40 the previous day) [6]. - The implied volatility of at - the - money options in September 2025 and the 30 - trading - day historical volatility of the underlying assets of various options were reported. For instance, the implied volatility of at - the - money options of SSE 50ETF options in September 2025 was 19.16%, and the 30 - trading - day historical volatility of the underlying asset was 14.44% [7]. 3.2 Related Charts - The report provides a series of charts for different types of options, including the trends, volatility, trading volume PCR, position PCR, implied volatility curves, and at - the - money implied volatility of different terms of various ETF options and index options such as SSE 50ETF options, SSE 300ETF options, etc. [9][19][32]

Group 1 - The current credit market shows a stronger "anti-drawdown" characteristic compared to previous years, with credit adjustments being more synchronized with interest rate adjustments in 2025 [1][9][28] - The recent relative restraint in credit adjustments may be attributed to a stable liquidity environment and reduced pressure on the liability side of wealth management products [10][11] - The expansion of the Sci-Tech Innovation Bond ETF has slowed down, leading to decreased trading activity and liquidity in the market [2][15] Group 2 - The synchronization of credit and interest rate adjustments indicates a waiting period for interest rates to stabilize, with potential signals for credit investment once rates stabilize [3][25] - Seasonal factors suggest a higher probability of market weakness in September, but the extent of credit adjustments may be limited due to lower financing demand and expectations for incremental policy support [25][28] - The recent widening of credit spreads has been relatively limited, with adjustments mostly within 10 basis points, indicating insufficient "cost-effectiveness" for investors [4][31]

Core Viewpoint - The bond market experienced a slight decline, with an overall increase in market risk appetite, leading to a drop in government bond futures and a rise in interbank bond yields [1][2]. Market Performance - Government bond futures closed lower across the board, with the 30-year main contract down 0.18% to 116.680, the 10-year main contract down 0.03% to 107.955, the 5-year main contract down 0.02% to 105.57, and the 2-year main contract down 0.02% to 102.412 [2]. - The yields on major interbank bonds generally increased, with the 10-year policy bank bond yield rising by 0.1 basis points to 1.871%, and the 10-year government bond yield increasing by 0.15 basis points to 1.77% [2]. Liquidity and Monetary Policy - The central bank conducted a reverse repurchase operation of 2,557 billion yuan at a fixed rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net withdrawal of 1,501 billion yuan for the day [4]. - The Shibor rates for short-term products mostly declined, with the overnight rate down 0.1 basis points to 1.314%, and the 7-day rate down 0.7 basis points to 1.431%, marking a new low since September 2022 [4]. Institutional Insights - Financial institutions suggest that while the bond market may not be overly pessimistic, the overall liquidity in the secondary market remains weak, with structural highlights in certain floating-rate bonds [5]. - The outlook for September indicates that the central bank will maintain a reasonable liquidity level, especially considering the seasonal pressures from the end of the quarter [5].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document Core Viewpoints of the Report - In September 2025, the liquidity is expected to remain relatively loose. Although the bank's asset side faces pressures such as government bond issuance and quarter - end credit growth, the central bank's current liquidity injection shows a "caring" attitude, and fiscal expenditures are expected to increase at the quarter - end. However, attention should be paid to the possible preventive tightening of liquidity at the quarter - end and during the National Day and Mid - Autumn Festival holidays in early October [8]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Funds - **Central Bank Operations**: From August 25 to August 29, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase net injection was 4661 billion yuan, and the MLF net injection was 3000 billion yuan. From September 1 to September 5, 2025, 22731 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchases will mature. In September, 3000 billion yuan of MLF will mature on the 25th, and 13000 billion yuan of repurchase - style reverse repurchases will mature, including 10000 billion yuan of 3M repurchase - style reverse repurchases on September 5. It is expected that the central bank will continue to "precisely drip - irrigate" liquidity in September [7]. - **Fund Rates**: From August 25 to August 29, 2025, the average values of DR001 and R001 decreased by 13.0 and 13.5 basis points respectively compared with August 18 - August 22; the average values of DR007 and R007 decreased by 0.5 and increased by 1.0 basis points respectively [8]. - **Government Bond Net Payment**: From August 25 to August 31, 2025, the government bond net payment was about 2114 billion yuan, 834 billion yuan less than the previous week. From September 1 to September 7, 2025, the government bond net payment is expected to be 715.8 billion yuan [9]. 2. Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit - **Yield to Maturity**: As of August 29, 2025, the yields to maturity of 1M and 3M inter - bank certificates of deposit decreased by 4.1 and 1.0 basis points respectively compared with August 22, and the yield to maturity of 1Y decreased by 0.5 basis points compared with August 15 [10]. - **Net Financing Amount**: From August 25 to August 31, 2025, the net financing amount of inter - bank certificates of deposit was about - 1946 billion yuan, and the net financing has been negative for three consecutive weeks. From September 1 to September 7, 2025, the maturity repayment amount is expected to be 3301 billion yuan, with significantly reduced roll - over pressure [10]. 3. Institutional Behavior - **Leverage Ratio**: From August 25 to August 29, 2025, the average leverage ratio of the inter - bank bond market was 107.70%, up from 107.31% in the previous week [11].

Monetary Market Overview - The central bank's OMO net injection was 196.1 billion CNY, and MLF net injection was 300 billion CNY, leading to a continued loose liquidity environment[7] - DR001 and DR007 both reached new year-to-date lows, with DR001 averaging 1.35% and DR007 averaging 1.48% for August[19] - The liquidity injection for the month reached 600 billion CNY, reflecting the central bank's stabilizing attitude amid market volatility[19] Institutional Behavior - The average daily transaction volume of pledged repos decreased by 0.06 trillion CNY to 7.07 trillion CNY, with significant fluctuations observed on the last trading day of the month[15] - The new adjusted capital gap index fell to -630.2 billion CNY, the lowest level this year, indicating a slow pace of institutional cross-month activities[15] - The demand for interbank certificates of deposit remained stable, but the issuance success rate for various banks showed mixed results, with state-owned banks performing better[4] Government Debt and Financing - The expected government bond payment scale for next week is approximately 121.6 billion CNY, down from 211.4 billion CNY this week[20] - Cumulative issuance of new general bonds reached 620.8 billion CNY, while new special bonds totaled 32,641 billion CNY[20] - The net financing scale for government bonds is projected to decrease to about 1.2 trillion CNY in September[20]

Monetary Policy Operations - The People's Bank of China conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 416.1 billion yuan at an interest rate of 1.40%, unchanged from previous rates, resulting in a net injection of 163.1 billion yuan after 253.0 billion yuan of reverse repos matured on the same day [1][4][10] Interbank Rates - The Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (Shibor) for overnight loans increased by 0.10 basis points to 1.3160%, while the 7-day Shibor rose by 3.50 basis points to 1.5260% [2][3] - The 14-day Shibor also saw an increase of 2.40 basis points, reaching 1.5500% [2] Repo Market Activity - In the interbank pledged repo market, most rates experienced slight increases, with the R007 and R014 rates inverted, and R007 transaction volume rising to 17.6% [4] - The weighted average rates for DR001 and R001 decreased by 0.1 basis points and increased by 0.4 basis points, respectively, with transaction volumes decreasing significantly [4] Funding Conditions - Throughout the day, the funding environment transitioned from balanced to loose, with overnight rates stabilizing between 1.35% and 1.38% and 7-day rates around 1.53% to 1.55% [10] - By the end of the trading day, overnight rates dropped to a low of 1.30% [10] Interbank Certificates of Deposit - On August 28, 37 interbank certificates of deposit were issued, with a total issuance amount of 64.67 billion yuan [11] Market Sentiment - The sentiment in the secondary market for certificates of deposit was mixed, with long-term yields slightly higher than the previous day, while 1-month yields decreased marginally [12]

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the bond market, equity market, and convertible bonds, providing insights into current market conditions and strategies for investment. Key Points and Arguments Bond Market Strategies - Small investors are advised to attempt bottom-fishing for small wave operations, while long-term or large funds should reduce portfolio duration and wait for a clear downward turn in interest rates before re-entering [1][4] - The current bond market adjustment is characterized as atypical and not directly related to funding tightness, suggesting that it will not trigger widespread redemptions or credit declines [1][7] - A right-side trading strategy is recommended, focusing on the process of forming a top rather than a sharp peak, with attention to macroeconomic narratives cooling down [1][10] Funding Conditions - The funding outlook for Q3 and Q4 is optimistic, with expectations of continued looseness in the funding environment due to reduced government bond supply pressure and weak loan demand [1][5] - Current funding tightness is viewed as a result of the bond market's decline rather than a cause, indicating that the funding environment will likely remain loose even without significant monetary policy changes [1][5] Equity Market and Convertible Bonds - The upward trend in the equity market is expected to continue, with convertible bonds remaining attractive in a rising stock market context [1][6] - The probability of a significant decline in the equity market is low, as the current rise is driven by liquidity rather than fundamental factors [1][14] Market Reactions and Investor Behavior - Recent adjustments in the bond market are attributed to market sentiment rather than clear negative factors, with institutions adopting strategies of waiting for better entry points or engaging in wave trading [1][3][17] - Personal investors' experiences with fixed-income asset management products have remained stable, with a shift towards more stable products like insurance asset management or bank deposits rather than equities [1][9] Price Trends and Inflation - PPI is expected to rebound from -4 to around -2, but the momentum for sustained increases is limited, which may affect CPI and the bond market's response [2][11] - The current market's reaction differs from historical patterns, with strong expectations leading to more immediate responses rather than waiting for downstream price increases [1][12] Long-term Investment Considerations - Caution is advised regarding investments in ultra-long credit bonds in the current market environment, as these are more attractive in a bull market [1][19] - The second round of the Sci-Tech Innovation ETF issuance is not expected to trigger significant speculative buying, as the first round has already shown strong demand [1][21] Impact of New Stock Issuance - The impact of new stock issuance on the funding environment is noted, with significant amounts of capital being frozen during subscription periods, leading to short-term funding tightness [1][22] Bottom-Fishing Opportunities - The current market is seen as a potential bottom-fishing opportunity, but the experience may not be favorable due to widespread bullish sentiment without corresponding action [1][23] Other Important Insights - The negative feedback mechanism in the securities market is considered easily disrupted due to strategic adjustments and the current low leverage environment among traditional institutions [1][8] - The government's increased focus on healthy real estate development may lead to further monetary policy stimulation, impacting overall economic trends [1][18]