Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of "degree devaluation" in the context of the increasing number of university graduates in China, drawing parallels with Japan's historical experience during the 1990s economic downturn [2][3]. Group 1: Current Job Market Situation - The number of university graduates in 2023 is projected to reach a record 12.22 million, leading to the largest job-seeking wave in history [1]. - The offer acquisition rate for 2024 master's and doctoral graduates is only 44.4%, a decrease of 12.3% year-on-year, which is lower than the 45.4% rate for undergraduate graduates [1]. - The job market is increasingly competitive, with the employment rate for undergraduate graduates being lower than that of vocational school graduates [1]. Group 2: Historical Context and Lessons from Japan - Japan experienced a similar "degree devaluation" phenomenon in the 1990s, where a significant economic downturn led to a drastic drop in employment rates for university graduates [10][12]. - The 1990s marked a turning point for Japan, where the employment rate for graduates fell from 80% to below 70%, leading to a generation labeled as "lost" due to their struggles in the job market [10][30]. - The Japanese government attempted various measures to alleviate the employment crisis, including increasing the number of graduate students, but these efforts did not address the underlying issues of economic stagnation and job market demand [21][35]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The article highlights that the root cause of degree devaluation is not merely the oversupply of graduates but the lack of corresponding job opportunities due to economic stagnation and a failure to innovate [35][37]. - Japan's experience illustrates that without significant economic growth and innovation, an increase in educational attainment can lead to a surplus of graduates without adequate job prospects [35][37]. - The article concludes that creating new job opportunities through industrial upgrades and innovation is essential to prevent degree devaluation and ensure that higher education translates into economic productivity [35][37].

Group 1 - The article highlights the record number of 12.22 million university graduates entering the job market in 2024, leading to the largest job-seeking wave in history [3] - The offer acquisition rate for 2024 master's and doctoral graduates is 44.4%, a decrease of 12.3% year-on-year, which is lower than the 45.4% rate for undergraduate graduates [3][4] - The trend of increasing university graduates is expected to continue until 2038, peaking at 14.45 million, indicating a persistent job market challenge for new graduates [5] Group 2 - The phenomenon of "degree devaluation" is not unique to China, as Japan has experienced similar issues over the past 30 years, providing valuable lessons [6] - In the 1980s, Japan's economy was booming, leading to high demand for university graduates, with many receiving multiple job offers before graduation [8][9] - The economic bubble burst in the 1990s resulted in a significant decline in employment opportunities, with the employment rate for university graduates dropping from 80% in 1992 to below 70% by 1995 [12][18] Group 3 - The Japanese government implemented various measures to address the employment crisis, including the "Graduate Doubling Plan" and funding for doctoral candidates, but these efforts did not effectively resolve the underlying issues [24][25] - The introduction of labor dispatch laws in 1999 led to a rise in non-regular employment, with a significant increase in the proportion of non-standard employment types, which negatively impacted job security and wages for graduates [28][32] - By 2024, Japan's employment rate for new graduates reached a historic high of 98.1%, attributed to demographic changes such as an aging population and declining birth rates [36][37] Group 4 - The article emphasizes that the root cause of the employment market's challenges lies in the shrinking demand for labor, exacerbated by a lack of innovation and industrial upgrades in Japan [39][40] - Japan's failure to adapt to new industrial trends has led to a situation where the supply of highly educated individuals exceeds the demand for their skills, resulting in a devaluation of degrees [41][42]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of "degree devaluation" in Japan, drawing parallels with the current situation in China, particularly regarding the challenges faced by university graduates in the job market [3][4][29]. Group 1: Degree Devaluation in Japan - The belief that obtaining a university degree guarantees a stable future was prevalent in Japan during the 1980s, with companies offering attractive benefits to recruit graduates [6][7]. - The economic bubble burst in the 1990s led to a drastic decline in job opportunities, resulting in a significant drop in the employment rate for graduates, marking the beginning of the degree devaluation era [9][10]. - By 1992, the university graduate employment rate began to fall, with figures dropping from 80% to 70.5% over the years, reflecting a shift in the job market dynamics [9][10]. Group 2: Impact of Economic Changes - The economic downturn resulted in a surge of graduates entering the job market, coinciding with a wave of corporate layoffs, creating a mismatch between job seekers and available positions [9][10]. - The rise of "freeter" culture, where young people took on part-time or temporary jobs instead of stable employment, became a common response to the bleak job market [12][14]. - The government attempted to address the crisis through various initiatives, including increasing the number of graduate programs, but these measures failed to improve employment rates significantly [18][19]. Group 3: Long-term Consequences - The term "lost generation" emerged to describe those who graduated during the economic downturn, as many faced prolonged unemployment or underemployment [14][26]. - The shift towards non-regular employment, such as temporary and contract work, became prevalent, with non-regular employment rates rising significantly over the years [25][22]. - The article highlights that despite recent improvements in employment rates for graduates, the underlying issues of degree devaluation and economic stagnation remain critical challenges for Japan [27][30].

以下文章来源于华商韬略 ，作者华商韬略 华商韬略 . 聚焦标杆与热点、解构趋势与韬略 博士批量失业、大学生无奈啃老。 作者 | 大南 来源 | 华商韬略 （ID：hstl8888） 有人开玩笑说："21世纪最贵的是人才，21世纪贬值最快的却是学历。" 其实，"学历贬值"现象并非中国独有，隔壁的日本积累了近30年的"血泪经验"，其中的 得与失，极具参考价值。 01、迷失的一代 "只要考上大学，一辈子就稳了。"这是80年代日本人的信仰。 彼时的日本经济欣欣向荣，企业争相招聘大学生。为了吸引求职者，很多企业承诺：只 要来参加招聘会就提供午餐，附赠伴手礼。有的企业不仅会为入职员工提供免费公寓， 还报销搬家费、生活用品费。 三菱汽车为了吸引高学历人才，甚至推出过"入职就送汽车"的福利。 当时的日本大学生被称为"金蛋"，很多人还没毕业就收到了入职邀约：男生平均收到3 份，女生平均收到2.5份。东京大学、早稻田大学等名校毕业的"天之骄子"，工资更是 达到社会平均工资的三倍。 在学历崇拜的氛围下，日本社会兴起类似中国的"鸡娃热"。街头巷尾的学习塾内，学生 们拼命背着英语单词，疯狂刷着超纲试卷。据统计，1985年日本课外补习市 ...

如果只是在年轻时过自由的生活，长大后就放弃这种自由，这样并没有太大的意义。我想把50岁以上的朋友集结起来，随心所欲生活到最后。 你好你好，现在日本东京的樱花很漂亮，所以我来中国的前几天，每天去公园看樱花，跟朋友一起喝酒到早上，所以我现在有一点感冒。不好意思。 我是松本哉，我的中文不太好，所以今天用日文演讲，不好意思。可是今天找到了很好的翻译者，所以我放心随便讲。 我在东京一个叫高圆寺的街区经营着一家二手商店、一家青旅和一家小酒馆这三个店。这些店几乎都不赚钱，我就一边玩，一边随性地生活。 要说我为什么做这些莫名其妙的事呢，难得来一趟，今天就跟大家聊聊吧。 守护法政大学贫穷风气协会 最初的契机是我1994年上大学的时候。我上的是东京的法政大学，这是一所特别疯狂的大学，有很多奇怪的人。 所以，在大学里第一次接触到这种"反主流文化"之类的氛围，我特别惊讶：哇，原来世界是这个样子的啊～！乍一看学校的校舍又脏又乱，但是却有着极 大的自由。 但有一天，学校推出了校园再开发计划。 校方的计划是把校园里的所有建筑全部重建成漂亮的新建筑，"美化校园"的同时，作为交换，制定了很多规则，这也不让做、那也不让做，晚上也不让 进，自由的 ...

华商韬略 . 聚焦标杆与热点、解构趋势与韬略 十年苦读付流水，一代人的血与泪。 文 ｜ 大南 来源｜ 华商韬略（ID：hstl8888） 封面来源 ｜ Unsplash 1222万——这一创纪录的数字，是今年即将毕业的大学生数量。正在奔赴职场的他们组成了 "史上最大应届生求职潮" 。 与这一庞大求职群体形成鲜明对比的是：智联招聘数据显示，2024届硕士及博士毕业生offer获取率为44.4%，不仅同比下降12.3%，更是低于本科毕业生的 45.4%。本科毕业生则低于大专毕业生的56.6%。 求职难，是当前海量大学生的切身感受，背后引出了一个热门话题——"学历贬值"。 以下文章来源于华商韬略 ，作者华商韬略 根据银河证券的预测，这种趋势短时间内难以缓解，大学生毕业人数仍将逐年增长，直至2038年达到1445万人为顶峰。这意味着 只有2017年后出生的人， 才能避开大学生求职的高峰期。 有人开玩笑说："21世纪最贵的是人才，21世纪贬值最快的却是学历。" 其实，"学历贬值"现象并非中国独有，隔壁的日本积累了近30年的"血泪经验"，其中的得与失，极具参考价值。 迷失的一代 "只要考上大学，一辈子就稳了。" 这是80 ...