（原标题：对话麦肯锡艾家瑞：中国为何有全球最多的"灯塔工厂"？） 21世纪经济报道记者曹恩惠 上海报道 全球201家"灯塔工厂"，85家位于中国。 当外界惊叹为何中国拥有全球最多的"灯塔工厂"之时，麦肯锡全球资深董事合伙人艾家瑞（Karel Eloot）告诉21世纪经济报道记者："中国激烈的市场竞争、快速的技术升级以及完整的供应链生态，使 得企业对于先进制造工厂落地中国充满信心。" 自2018年开始，世界经济论坛与麦肯锡咨询公司在全球发起评选"灯塔工厂"的倡议，以寻找制造业数字 化转型的典范。而近几年来，"灯塔工厂"的认证标准也在发生变化。 "在比较早期的时候，认证标准更多是聚焦生产力和效率。随着时间的推移，重点逐渐转向供应链、价 值链、客户端，关注能不能够打破组织间和职能间的壁垒，之后又加入像可持续发展这样一些标 准。"据艾家瑞介绍，2025年起"灯塔工厂"新增"人才工厂"和"客户端工厂"，分别关注员工队伍的打 造，以及如何实现真正的客户导向。 事实上，中国市场所涌现出来的"灯塔工厂"遍布多个行业。根据不完全统计，其覆盖的领域包括钢铁、 新能源、汽车、家电、电子通信等。 "我认为未来可能还会扩散到更多的行业 ...

"'慧关通'智慧报关厅公共服务平台是南京海关智慧海关建设基层先行先试项目之一，为我们保障'灯塔 工厂'高效通关提供了有力支持。"苏州工业园区海关驻唯亭办事处副主任蒋燕翔介绍，"我们引导企业 使用'慧关通'平台辅助办理通关手续，通过政策辅导、流程演示，助力企业规范填报、规避风险，从源 头提升申报质量。" "海关还上线了检验检疫证书的'云签发'功能，我们在线就能申请证书办理，单票证书1小时内就能成功 领取。"李云龙表示，"此外，海关还提供了灵活预约、'随报随检'等服务，让我们的海外订单交付周期 不断缩短。" 目前，苏州工业园区共有亿滋、博世、强生三家"全球灯塔工厂"。蒋燕翔表示，苏州工业园区海关将持 续聚焦企业发展需求，迭代升级"慧关通"平台功能，推出更多更实的惠企举措，帮助企业提高通关效 率，实现海关监管"无事不扰、无处不在"，助力企业开拓海外市场。 本报讯(宗锐田自横)走进亿滋食品(苏州)有限公司的奥利奥饼干无人生产车间，自动化流水线上，一块 块巧克力饼干经过烘焙、降温、夹心等工序，在机器检测合格后落进塑料盒内，"穿"上铝箔包装袋，被 打包送往海外消费者手中。 "2023年，我们加入世界经济论坛的全球'灯塔工 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the evolution of lighthouse factories as key carriers of new productive forces and new industrialization, driven by AI and the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1][3] - It highlights the increasing influence of AI on lighthouse factories, positioning AI+ manufacturing as a top-level driver for the development of these factories [2][3] Group 1: Lighthouse Factory Development - Lighthouse factories have transitioned from being technology models to global smart manufacturing hubs, representing the highest level of global smart manufacturing [2] - The assessment focus of lighthouse factories has evolved from single-point applications of Industry 4.0 to comprehensive operational upgrades that include sustainability, supply chain resilience, talent systems, and customer orientation [2] - The latest lighthouse factories have significantly improved key performance indicators such as labor productivity and delivery cycles, with AI applications reducing defect rates, energy consumption, and production cycles [2] Group 2: Policy and Market Dynamics - The Chinese government has integrated digitalization, networking, intelligence, and greening into the main line of manufacturing development, viewing smart and lighthouse factories as important carriers of new productive forces [3] - Local governments are providing financial subsidies, pilot demonstrations, and industrial funds to cultivate lighthouse factories, creating a complete policy chain from diagnosis to demonstration [3] - The industry layout of lighthouse factories in China is extending into high-tech fields, with core operational indicators significantly surpassing the global average [3] Group 3: Domestic Industry Collaboration - Domestic industrial software and automation vendors are becoming the core drivers of the lighthouse factory ecosystem, focusing on industrial software, automation control, industrial internet, and AI models [3] - These companies are providing comprehensive capabilities from "factory operating systems" to scenario-based solutions, enhancing the digital foundation of lighthouse factories [3]

Investment Rating - The report recommends a positive investment outlook on the AI-enabled manufacturing sector, particularly focusing on industrial software and automation companies that facilitate the digital transformation of lighthouse factories [3]. Core Insights - The report emphasizes that lighthouse factories are evolving into key carriers of new productivity and industrialization, driven by AI and the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1]. - It highlights the significant role of domestic industrial software and automation vendors in this ecosystem, which are becoming the core driving force behind the development of lighthouse factories [1]. Summary by Sections 1. From Technical Benchmark to Ecological Leadership - Lighthouse factories are recognized as the most advanced factories globally, representing the highest level of smart manufacturing [7]. - The focus of lighthouse factories has shifted from single-point applications of Industry 4.0 to comprehensive operational upgrades, emphasizing customer-centricity, production efficiency, supply chain resilience, sustainability, and talent development [10][12]. - The application of AI technologies is increasingly significant, with generative AI and predictive maintenance technologies notably reducing defect rates, energy consumption, and production cycles [16]. 2. Policy and AI Dual Empowerment - National policies are driving the rapid development of lighthouse factories, with a focus on digitalization, networking, intelligence, and green development [35]. - As of September 2025, China has 85 lighthouse factories, accounting for 42.29% of the global total, showcasing its leadership in this sector [20][22]. - The distribution of lighthouse factories in China shows a trend of coastal concentration with inland regions catching up, supported by local government initiatives [39][42]. 3. Domestic Industrial Software and Automation Vendors as Key Drivers - Hikvision is highlighted for its "Hikvision Guanlan" model, which empowers smart IoT scenarios and supports the transformation of leading factories into lighthouse factories [54]. - The report discusses the significant advancements made by various companies, including Dahua Technology, Zhongkong Technology, and others, in enhancing supply chain collaboration and digital transformation [54][56].

Core Insights - The report from Guotai Junan highlights the evolution of lighthouse factories as key carriers of new productive forces and new industrialization, driven by AI and the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1][2] - The integration of AI into manufacturing is seen as a top-level driver for the development of lighthouse factories, with a focus on digital transformation through industrial software and automation vendors [1] Group 1: Lighthouse Factory Evolution - Lighthouse factories have transitioned from being technology models to global smart manufacturing hubs, representing the highest level of intelligent manufacturing [1] - These factories leverage new technologies such as IoT, AI, cloud computing, and robotics to achieve comprehensive automation, precision, and sustainability in production processes [1] - The assessment focus of lighthouse factories has evolved from single-point applications of Industry 4.0 to a comprehensive operational upgrade that includes sustainability, supply chain resilience, talent systems, and customer orientation [1] Group 2: Policy and AI Driving Growth - The Chinese government has integrated digitalization, networking, intelligence, and greening into the main line of manufacturing development, viewing smart and lighthouse factories as crucial for new productive forces and advanced manufacturing clusters [2] - Local governments are providing financial subsidies, pilot demonstrations, and industrial funds to cultivate smart and lighthouse factories, creating a complete policy chain from diagnosis to demonstration [2] - The industry layout of lighthouse factories in China is extending into high-tech fields, with core operational indicators significantly surpassing the global average [2] Group 3: Domestic Industrial Software and Hardware Vendors - Domestic companies are focusing on industrial software, automation control, industrial internet, and AI models to provide comprehensive capabilities for lighthouse factories, from "factory operating systems" to scenario-based solutions [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significance of foreign investment in China's manufacturing sector, emphasizing the role of companies like Unilever in driving innovation and efficiency through advanced technologies and management practices [1][14]. Group 1: Foreign Investment and Manufacturing Innovation - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests expanding high-level opening-up and creating a win-win cooperation environment, with foreign investment present in all 31 major categories and 548 subcategories of China's manufacturing industry [1]. - Unilever's Hefei factory is recognized as a "lighthouse factory," showcasing how foreign enterprises contribute to the modernization of China's industrial system [1][3]. Group 2: Automation and Production Efficiency - The Hefei factory operates 24/7 with automated production lines, utilizing technologies such as preventive maintenance and 3D printing, which minimizes the need for manual labor [5][12]. - The factory's innovative pull-based automatic replenishment system has reduced the material ordering and delivery process from 12 hours to just 3 hours, achieving 100% pull-based production [9][11]. Group 3: Flexibility and Responsiveness - Emergency orders that previously took 2-3 days to process can now be completed in just 2 hours, with production line switching taking as little as 10 minutes, demonstrating the factory's flexibility in adapting to market changes [11]. - The strong supply chain in China supports the development of flexible production lines, allowing companies like Unilever to respond quickly to consumer demands [11][14]. Group 4: Talent and Digital Transformation - The Hefei region has seen the emergence of numerous national-level excellent factories and digital-leading enterprises within five years, attracting a large pool of talent and serving as a model for the digital transformation of manufacturing [16].

Group 1 - The manufacturing industry is crucial for the national economy, with an expected increase in value added of 8 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, contributing over 30% to global manufacturing growth [1] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the acceleration of building a manufacturing powerhouse and establishing a modern industrial system centered on advanced manufacturing [1] - China leads the world in the number of "lighthouse factories," accounting for over 40% globally, showcasing its strength and competitiveness in the manufacturing sector [3] Group 2 - The SANY Heavy Energy's Shaoshan blade factory has been recognized as the world's first "lighthouse factory" in the wind power industry, reflecting the shift towards intelligent, green, and integrated development [5] - The factory can produce 118-meter-long blades, reducing production time from over 40 hours to around 30 hours [7] - As Asia's largest single wind turbine blade production workshop, it can accommodate 12 molds simultaneously, producing approximately 3,000 blades annually [9] Group 3 - The cost of blades typically accounts for 20% to 30% of the total cost of a wind turbine, making their production efficiency critical [10] - The 118-meter blade has a rotor diameter of 242 meters and a rated power of 7.7 megawatts, capable of generating 7 to 8 kilowatt-hours per rotation [11] - The factory's digital platform allows for real-time monitoring of production conditions and data, enabling 360-degree online monitoring and lean management [15] Group 4 - In October, the factory operated at full capacity, producing 174 blades, with over 100 sets delivered, indicating a significant production cycle [16] - The digital platform has reduced defects by 20% and shortened delivery times by approximately 34% [19] - The wind turbine installation capacity in China has been growing rapidly, with an expected annual increase of over 110 gigawatts during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period [21] Group 5 - Wind turbine equipment prices have risen significantly, with land-based turbine prices increasing by 8% and offshore turbine prices by 12% in the first eight months of 2025 [23] - The SANY Heavy Energy Shaoshan factory exemplifies the collaborative advantages of the wind power industry in Hunan, promoting digital transformation across the sector [25] - The factory's advancements contribute to China's wind power industry transitioning from a "follower" to a "leader" on the global stage [53] Group 6 - The factory has implemented a digital quality system, creating a traceable and optimizable manufacturing paradigm, moving towards a paperless operation [40][42] - The integration of automation and intelligent equipment has significantly improved production efficiency, reducing labor costs by 75% [51] - The development of "lighthouse factories" has stimulated technological upgrades across the entire supply chain, enhancing regional economic vitality [55]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the company, with a target price of RMB 40.98 per share based on a 2025 PE of 28x [4][22]. Core Insights - The company is positioned to benefit from innovation and overseas market expansion, with AI expected to enhance future growth prospects. EPS estimates for 2025-2027 are RMB 1.47, 1.68, and 1.97 respectively [4][22]. - The concept of "Lighthouse Factory," introduced by WEF and McKinsey, emphasizes the integration of advanced technologies like IoT, AI, and big data to achieve significant improvements in production efficiency and sustainability. China leads globally with 85 such factories, accounting for 42.29% of the total [4][23][24]. Financial Summary - Total revenue is projected to grow from RMB 89.34 billion in 2023 to RMB 117.62 billion by 2027, reflecting a CAGR of approximately 10.3% [3]. - Net profit attributable to the parent company is expected to recover from RMB 11.98 billion in 2024 to RMB 18.03 billion in 2027, with a notable increase of 17.0% in 2027 [3]. - The company’s net asset return is forecasted to improve from 14.8% in 2024 to 17.6% in 2027 [3]. Business Strategy - The company focuses on "IoT sensing, AI, and big data" to enhance its product offerings, creating a comprehensive IoT data entry system that supports AI algorithm improvements [4][24]. - Recent collaborations, such as with Haier, aim to accelerate digital transformation across various sectors, including smart manufacturing and supply chain management [15][16]. Market Position - The company has established itself as a leader in the security industry, leveraging its technological capabilities to provide customized digital solutions across multiple industrial sectors [4][25]. - The report highlights successful implementations of its technology in various industries, such as steel and cement, showcasing significant improvements in operational efficiency and safety [11][25].

Group 1 - The "Lighthouse Factory" concept is gaining attention in the capital market as it is included in the "14th Five-Year Plan," highlighting its role in smart manufacturing [1] - The Sci-Tech Mechanical ETF (588850) has seen a significant increase, with a cumulative rise of 33.14% in the third quarter of this year [1] - China currently has 85 Lighthouse Factories, accounting for 43.4% of the global total, maintaining its position as the world leader [1] Group 2 - The Ministry of Science and Technology emphasizes that technological and industrial innovation are essential for developing new productive forces during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1] - China is making advancements in artificial intelligence and brain-computer interface technologies, creating new competitive advantages [2] - The Sci-Tech Mechanical Index reflects the performance of major listed companies in sectors such as urban rail equipment, industrial automation, and engineering machinery [2]

Core Viewpoint - The core feature of "Lighthouse Factories" is the large-scale application of IoT, AI, and big data analytics, significantly enhancing production efficiency and resource utilization while achieving breakthroughs in sustainable development [1] Policy Support - The government is vigorously supporting the development of industrial AI through a series of policies aimed at promoting the intelligent transformation of manufacturing to enhance national competitiveness [1] - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) has deployed the "AI+" initiative, which includes multiple approaches such as R&D and application of large models, promoting high-value scenario applications, enhancing intelligent computing power supply, and strengthening element support [1] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has released the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Equipment Updates in the Industrial Sector," which further details policy requirements to promote the intelligent and digital transformation of industrial equipment [1] Technological Development - The MIIT and seven other departments have issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting Innovation and Development of Future Industries," emphasizing the need to break through key technologies for humanoid robots and promote their widespread application in intelligent manufacturing [1] - The integration of humanoid robots with AI technology aims to form core competitiveness with independent intellectual property rights [1] Company Initiatives - The company is actively participating in the construction and development of AI-driven "Lighthouse Factories," innovating and fully implementing a new industrial AI-driven enterprise intelligent operation framework of "1+2+N" [1] - The company is applying advanced products and technologies such as the Universal Control System (UCS), Time Series Large Model (TPT), million-point real-time database, and online calorific value analyzer to help enterprises build globally leading smart factories and create world-class industry benchmark projects [1] - The company plans to continue deepening innovation and application in industrial AI to assist more enterprises in achieving intelligent transformation [1]