苍山含翠，洱海卧波。风轻抚，湖面上海菜花时而聚拢，时而散开，如同精灵舞动。行走洱海畔， 人景相融的生态画卷美不胜收。 "苍山不墨千秋画，洱海无弦万古琴"。为了守护洱海美景，多年来，云南省大理白族自治州坚持统 筹洱海保护和绿色发展，全面打响洱海保护治理攻坚战、持久战，洱海水质、水环境、水生态逐步改 善。 今年8月，大理州委、州政府与省生态环境厅联合发布"洱海指数"，保护洱海更加讲究科学、系 统。 科学评价，"洱海指数"助力系统性生态保护 夜晚，洱海上亮起一盏盏渔灯，如同星河入梦。 如今正是2025年洱海鱼类生态调控第二阶段。晚上8时，大理州大理市挖色镇海印村附近，渔民杨 瑞兴准备下网捕捞西太公鱼。 "过去捕鱼得选准网，还得算准时间。"杨瑞兴说，如今生态调控"神奇得很"。"通知写明啥时候 捕、用啥网、网眼多大，就能捕到要求捕捞的鱼种。" 大理市洱海管理局副局长孙潇介绍，洱海鱼类生态调控主要针对银鱼和西太公鱼等外来鱼类和鲢、 鳙等放流鱼类，可以优化鱼类种群结构，完善湖泊生态系统功能。而捕什么鱼、啥时捕、怎么捕，则根 据中国科学院水生生物研究所对洱海鱼类监测评估结果确定。 "洱海指数"有什么用？杨学松介绍，从这套指标 ...

Core Viewpoint - Green development is a crucial component of the new development philosophy and a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization, with significant progress expected in building a beautiful China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1] Group 1: Green Transformation in Industries - The steel industry in Tangshan, Hebei, is undergoing a green transformation, with new low-carbon products achieving over 30% carbon reduction and 100% recycling of scrap steel [2][3] - A total of 6,430 national green factories and 491 green industrial parks have been established, indicating a more complete green manufacturing system [3] - The agricultural sector is adopting green and efficient practices, with significant improvements in the recycling rates of agricultural waste, such as 85% for agricultural film and 88% for straw utilization by 2024 [3] Group 2: Environmental Improvements - The average concentration of PM2.5 in key cities has decreased by 56% since the 18th National Congress, and the proportion of surface water with good quality has reached 90.4% [7] - Forest coverage in China has increased to 25.09%, marking a 2% rise since 2020, making China the fastest-growing country in terms of greening [7] - The ecological environment in regions like Yangshuo, Guangxi, has improved significantly, with electric bamboo rafts enhancing tourist experiences while protecting local water quality [5][6] Group 3: Economic and Ecological Synergy - Outdoor sports in Dali, Yunnan, are being promoted as a means to connect ecological preservation with economic growth, demonstrating the economic value of a good ecological environment [8] - Various regions are exploring ecological compensation mechanisms, with over 20 provinces establishing cross-province ecological protection compensation systems [8][9] - The new development suggestions emphasize the need for a diversified ecological compensation mechanism and the establishment of green development highlands [9]

Core Viewpoint - Beijing has pioneered the GEP-R (Ecosystem Regulation Service Value) and GDP exchange compensation mechanism, marking a significant step in ecological product value realization and green development [1][2]. Policy Developments - A series of laws and regulations have been introduced in Beijing to support ecological protection and green development, including the "Beijing Ecological Conservation Area Protection and Green Development Regulations" which establishes legal grounds for ecological service value assessment [2]. - The implementation plan for establishing an ecological product value realization mechanism has been developed, aiming to create a total value accounting system for ecological products [2]. Mechanism Establishment - Beijing has established an ecological compensation mechanism to financially support ecological protection and green development in conservation areas, introducing the GEP-R and GDP exchange compensation mechanism [2][3]. - The GEP-R represents the value of ecosystem services that maintain ecological balance and improve human living conditions, encompassing ten key areas such as water conservation and air purification [2]. Market Initiatives - An ecological product certification system is being developed to enhance the value of ecological products, with local standards introduced to ensure the quality and safety of these products throughout their lifecycle [3]. - The introduction of certification has led to significant revenue increases for products like Chinese honey and fish from the Miyun Reservoir, benefiting local communities [3]. Project Advancements - Beijing is accelerating ecological restoration projects and promoting ecological tourism, with rural residents' disposable income projected to reach nearly 40,000 yuan by 2024, and the urban-rural income ratio improving from 2.51:1 in 2020 to 2.32:1 in 2024 [3].

Core Points - Beijing has established a pioneering GEP-R (Ecosystem Regulation Service Value) and GDP exchange compensation mechanism, requiring districts that fail to meet annual GEP-R targets to "purchase" GEP-R values from those that exceed their targets [3][6] - The implementation of this mechanism began this year, with seven ecological conservation districts benefiting from compensation through this exchange [3][6] - A series of laws and policies have been introduced to support ecological protection and green development, including the "Beijing Ecological Conservation District Protection and Green Development Regulations" [3][4] Mechanism and Support - Beijing has developed a comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism that provides financial support for ecological conservation and green development in ecological conservation districts [4] - A cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism has been established to protect important water sources, such as the Miyun Reservoir and Guanting Reservoir, incentivizing various stakeholders to engage in ecological protection [4] - The city has introduced an ecological product value realization mechanism, addressing challenges in measurement, transaction, monetization, and collateralization of ecological products [4] Measurement and Standards - Beijing has formulated local standards for GEP (Ecosystem Product Total Value) accounting and has completed provincial-level accounting, providing a scientific method for quantifying ecological value [5] - The GEP-R accounting scheme has been developed, allowing for a continuous five-year assessment of GEP-R, making ecological value visible and usable [5] - The city has released the first local standard for ecological product value (VEP) accounting, facilitating clear valuation of regional ecological products [5] Project Implementation - The Xiwangping Village project in Mentougou District serves as the first VEP case, attracting social capital and exploring a sustainable path for ecological product value realization [5] - The project allows villagers to participate in operations and profit sharing by investing in ecological assets, promoting both environmental protection and income generation [5] Economic Impact - The GEP-R and GDP exchange compensation mechanism allows districts to share economic development results, with the aim of enhancing overall ecological and economic benefits [6] - Beijing is actively constructing an ecological product certification system to enhance the value of ecological products, ensuring quality and safety throughout the production process [6] - The average disposable income for rural residents in Beijing is projected to reach nearly 40,000 yuan by 2024, with the urban-rural income ratio decreasing from 2.51:1 in 2020 to 2.32:1 in 2024 [6]

Core Insights - The collaboration between Sanya and Baoting in the comprehensive management of the Qitian Reservoir watershed has effectively addressed cross-border water management challenges, leading to improved water quality and sustainable development for both regions [1][4]. Group 1: Historical Context and Importance - The Qitian Reservoir, located in Sanya and Baoting, is crucial for supplying drinking water to 420,000 people, providing 55% of Sanya's drinking water [1]. - Historically, Sanya faced severe water shortages in the 1980s and early 1990s, prompting the construction of the Qitian Reservoir, which began in 1991 and was completed in 1994, with a total capacity of 77.1 million cubic meters [3][4]. Group 2: Governance and Management Mechanisms - The watershed management faced challenges due to administrative divisions, with Baoting controlling over 90% of the watershed area but facing restrictions on development, while Sanya relied heavily on the reservoir for its water supply [4][5]. - In 2021, an innovative ecological compensation mechanism was introduced, linking compensation funds to water quality and management actions, creating a financial pool of 600 million yuan to incentivize both upstream and downstream stakeholders [5][6]. Group 3: Environmental and Economic Outcomes - The water quality in the Qitian Reservoir has significantly improved, with the national control section's water quality rising to Class II by 2024, total phosphorus concentration decreasing by 17.4%, and the proportion of high-quality sections reaching 85.7% [7][8]. - The implementation of ecological agriculture and technological support has led to increased economic benefits for local farmers, with the production of ecological products in Baoting rising to 25,800 kg per hectare, and significant income increases reported by local residents [7][8].

Core Concept - The article emphasizes the importance of the "Green Mountains and Clear Water are Gold and Silver Mountains" concept, which has guided China's ecological and environmental protection efforts over the past 20 years, leading to significant improvements in environmental quality [1] Group 1: Building a National Action System for Ecological Protection - Every individual is a protector, builder, and beneficiary of the ecological environment, and it is crucial to transform high-level protection from policy rhetoric into a social consensus [2] - Deepening awareness through Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought and utilizing traditional ecological culture can enhance public responsibility towards nature [2] - Innovative action platforms, such as ecological documentaries and community education, can integrate green practices into daily life [2] - Establishing mechanisms like volunteer points and corporate green credit evaluations can foster a collective responsibility for ecological protection [2] Group 2: Transforming Ecological Value into Economic Value - The transformation of green mountains into economic value relies on human effort and the right approach, recognizing the economic and social value of ecological services [3] - Developing unified ecological value accounting standards and an ecological asset balance sheet can make the economic value of ecological resources visible [3] - Implementing cross-regional ecological compensation mechanisms can ensure stable income for ecological guardians [3] - Establishing ecological damage compensation standards can hold ecological destroyers accountable, creating a system where protectors benefit, users pay, and destroyers are penalized [3] Group 3: Empowering Ecological Governance through Technology - Digital technologies are integrating into ecological civilization construction, enhancing traditional governance models to meet green and low-carbon development needs [4] - Utilizing AI, IoT, and cloud computing can create a comprehensive monitoring network for ecological governance [4] - Strengthening regional cooperation and transitioning from fragmented governance to systematic control can improve ecological governance efficiency [4] - Advancing digital, intelligent, and networked governance can facilitate proactive environmental management and scientific decision-making [4] Group 4: Future Directions for Ecological Civilization - The practice in China demonstrates that ecological protection is not a constraint but a driving force for high-quality development [5] - The next two decades should focus on deepening the ecological civilization concept, refining the value transformation mechanism, and enhancing technological empowerment [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the successful renewal of the ecological compensation agreement between Sanya and Baoting, highlighting the innovative "Qitian Model" for water management that has transformed the relationship between upstream and downstream areas into a collaborative partnership for water conservation [1][8]. Group 1: Background and Context - The Qitian Reservoir, located in the upper reaches of the Fengqiao River, is crucial for Sanya's drinking water supply, covering an area of 19,769.55 acres and involving 17 villages and one community [1]. - Three years ago, the water quality alarm was raised when the national control section's water quality dropped to Class III, prompting the need for a collaborative approach to water management [1][2]. Group 2: Ecological Compensation Mechanism - The innovative ecological compensation mechanism includes three dimensions: water quality, water quantity, and action, linking compensation funds directly to performance metrics [2]. - A total of 600 million yuan has been allocated for the first assessment period from 2022 to 2024, with contributions from provincial finance (330 million yuan), Sanya (180 million yuan), and Baoting (90 million yuan) [2]. Group 3: Results and Impact - As a result of the collaborative efforts, Sanya received 84 million yuan and Baoting received 516 million yuan in ecological compensation funds [3]. - The funds have been used for targeted projects, with a 93.4% pass rate for 65 key projects, demonstrating effective allocation and management of resources [4][5]. Group 4: Water Quality Improvement - The water quality in the Qitian Reservoir has shown significant improvement, with the proportion of high-quality water sections reaching 85.7%, the best level in history [6]. - The water quality at the national control section improved from Class III to Class II from 2021 to 2024, indicating a successful turnaround from previous concerns [6]. Group 5: Community and Economic Benefits - The initiative has led to various community benefits, including reduced costs for farmers (approximately 550 yuan per acre) and a 57% increase in income for relocated households [7]. - The implementation of agricultural circular projects has resulted in an increase of 25,800 kilograms per hectare of ecological products and an economic benefit of 1.03 million yuan per hectare [7]. Group 6: Governance and Collaboration - The "Qitian Model" effectively resolves long-standing conflicts between upstream and downstream areas by tightly binding their interests, fostering a collaborative governance approach [8][9]. - The model has been recognized as a national typical case and is being promoted across 17 cities and counties, covering 10 rivers, 4 lakes, and 18 monitoring sections [9].