全球贸易中，常常出现一些不平衡的情况，尤其当一方通过补贴获得竞争优势时，另一方就会面临市场 的压力。中国近期对欧盟乳制品启动反补贴调查，正是这种不平衡的一种体现。从立案到采取措施，整 个过程遵循了规则，反映出国内乳业面临的实际挑战。同时，巴西和欧盟的自贸协定谈判也一直在拖 延，巴西总统卢拉对此公开表达了不满。这两个事件放在一起看，正好展示了国际贸易规则的拉锯战， 各国在维护自身利益时，既要考虑对等关系，也要遵守规则。 调查继续推进，到了2025年12月22日，商务部公布了初步裁定，确认欧盟确实存在补贴行为，并且这些 补贴对中国国内产业造成了损害。裁定是基于多项证据，包括欧盟的农业补贴政策。次日，也就是2025 年12月23日，海关开始实施临时措施，对相关进口乳制品收取保证金，比例根据不同情况进行计算。这 项临时措施的目的是在最终裁定前，暂时保护国内产业免受外部压力。虽然欧盟对这一决定表示不满， 但中国政府强调，所有措施都是依据世贸组织的规则进行的，并非随意行动。整个过程从立案到初步裁 定，花费了几个月时间，显示出中国在此事中的谨慎态度。 欧盟的共同农业政策是此次事件中的关键因素之一。该政策为欧盟农民和乳制品企 ...

齐鲁晚报·齐鲁壹点记者 李文璇 栾海明 语言不通易致商事梗阻，专业调解彰显营商温度。近日，梁山县二手车市场交易纠纷人民调解委员会 （以下简称"调委会"）成功化解一起涉外商事纠纷。 调解初期，因马尼那汉语表达能力有限，调解员通过"微信+翻译"等方式进行线上沟通，但受限于语言 转换的准确性及当事人表达的逻辑性，关键事实难以厘清。 为突破困局，调解员建议马尼那先生进行面对面沟通，马尼那表示同意，并于2025年3月24日携带相关 材料到达调委会与调解员现场交流。面对全英文合同及长达四个月的交易周期，调解员逐条翻译合同条 款，比对聊天记录，抽丝剥茧厘清交易脉络和争议焦点。 深挖细节寻症结，还原事实明根源 经深入调查，纠纷根源逐渐显现。 马尼那先后订购的6台车辆中，2台洒水车和2台货车已完成交付，但因合同约定不明确，马尼那与汽贸 公司就剩余2台货车的交付问题发生争执，汽贸公司拒绝承担后续出口费用，仅退还马尼那5000元并要 求他自行安排运输。 后来，马尼那发现自行运输需额外支付约4万元费用，远超出其预期，遂认为经营者存在未尽告知义务 的情形，在与汽贸公司沟通无果后，得知梁山县设有专业调解组织能解决矛盾纠纷，便主动申请调解 ...

Core Viewpoint - International trade is increasingly vital for Chinese enterprises to expand markets and acquire resources, but it also brings challenges related to the application of international rules and legal risks [1] Group 1: Understanding and Application of International Trade Rules - The understanding of international trade rules by Professor Shen Kehua goes beyond mere textual interpretation, focusing on practical application and risk identification [12] - International trade rules serve as a foundational framework for cross-border business, with dynamic and region-specific applicability [12] - Key tools for enterprises include frameworks like Incoterms and UCP600, which help in delineating responsibilities, controlling risks, and safeguarding property rights [12] Group 2: Training Curriculum Overview - The training curriculum designed by Professor Shen covers critical aspects of international trade, emphasizing practical operations and risk prevention [13] - The first module focuses on the latest revisions of Incoterms®2020, addressing common misconceptions and the implications of term selection on costs and liability [13] - The second module analyzes the impact of geopolitical events on logistics, providing strategies for risk control and dispute resolution [14] - The third module delves into the operational and risk aspects of mainstream settlement methods like TT and L/C, highlighting the importance of due diligence [15] - The fourth module discusses insurance claims processes, particularly in unique transportation scenarios [16] - The fifth module offers interactive Q&A sessions to address typical disputes and emphasizes a comprehensive risk management approach [17] Group 3: Localization and Advantages of Shanghai International Trade Training - The training courses have distinct "Shanghai characteristics" and local advantages, addressing the urgent need for internationalized and specialized training among Shanghai enterprises [18] - The curriculum utilizes real case studies from Chinese enterprises to enhance relevance and engagement [18] - Timely policy interpretations help enterprises comply with changing regulations in import/export controls and foreign exchange [18] - The training is conducted primarily in Chinese, minimizing misunderstandings due to translation or cultural differences [18] Group 4: Importance of Legal Risk Prevention in International Trade - Legal risks in international trade can lead to severe consequences, including financial losses and reputational damage [20] - A systematic legal risk prevention mechanism is essential for enterprises to navigate the complexities of the international environment [20] - The training aims to help enterprises establish a comprehensive risk management system that includes risk anticipation, identification, control, and resolution [20] Conclusion - Professor Shen Kehua is recognized as an authority in the field of international trade training, providing essential knowledge and practical guidance for Chinese enterprises to thrive in global competition [20]

Core Points - The U.S. has resolved an eight-month deadlock with the WTO by paying approximately $25.7 million in overdue fees, despite previous criticisms of the organization by the Trump administration [1][3] - The payment ensures that the U.S. is no longer subject to administrative measures for overdue fees, which could have included various penalties [3][6] - The U.S. is still not restoring the WTO's appellate body, which has been paralyzed since 2019 due to the U.S. blocking the appointment of new judges [3][5] Financial Obligations - The U.S. is required to pay 11% of the WTO's annual budget, which is approximately 205 million Swiss Francs (around $25.7 million) for 2024 [3] - The overdue fees had significant implications for the WTO's operations, leading to budget constraints and a reduction in technical assistance to developing countries [6][7] U.S. Participation in WTO - Despite the payment, the U.S. continues to undermine the WTO's dispute resolution capabilities by blocking the selection of appellate body members [4][5] - The U.S. is engaging in WTO technical work at an administrative level, indicating a selective approach to participation rather than a fundamental strategy shift [6][7] - Experts suggest that the U.S. payment is more about maintaining control over the WTO rather than a genuine commitment to reforming the organization [6][7]

Group 1 - German Foreign Minister Baerbock's planned visit to China has been postponed due to insufficient meetings arranged in China, which highlights the importance of China in trade and international affairs [1] - The visit was originally scheduled to start on the 26th and was intended to address export control issues related to rare earths and semiconductors, emphasizing the need for stable and reliable global trade relations [1] - Baerbock expressed that Germany aims to maintain close economic ties with China, stating that "decoupling" is not the correct strategy [1] Group 2 - Baerbock reiterated Germany's commitment to the One China policy while emphasizing that Germany will decide its policy implementation independently and does not support the use of force to change the status quo in the Taiwan Strait [2] - China's Foreign Ministry responded by stating that the greatest threat to peace in the Taiwan Strait is "Taiwan independence" and external forces supporting it, urging Germany to uphold the One China principle [2] - A commentary from German media suggested that Baerbock should adopt a more curious and learning-oriented approach towards China, rather than a punitive one, which could benefit Germany's export sector [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the U.S. approach of imposing high tariffs and trade restrictions on China is not the correct way to handle bilateral relations, and it calls for a rational and pragmatic dialogue to maintain global supply chain stability [1][2][3][4]. Group 1: U.S.-China Trade Relations - The U.S. has implemented multiple trade restrictions against China, including adding Chinese entities to export control lists and expanding the scope of these controls, which negatively impacts thousands of Chinese companies [1][2]. - The U.S. actions are seen as damaging to the atmosphere of trade talks and disrupting international trade rules, leading to adverse effects on bilateral economic relations [1][2]. Group 2: China's Export Control Measures - China's export control measures on rare earths and related items are framed as a responsible action to maintain national and international security, especially given their importance in military applications [2]. - The number of items on China's export control list is approximately 900, while the U.S. has over 3,000 items, highlighting a disparity in the application of export controls [2]. Group 3: Call for Dialogue and Cooperation - China maintains a clear stance of being open to dialogue while also prepared to respond firmly to any actions that harm its interests, emphasizing the need for mutual respect and cooperation [3][4]. - A recent survey indicates that a majority of American respondents view U.S. protectionist policies as a significant barrier, suggesting a public desire for reduced tariffs and increased trade facilitation [4].

Core Viewpoint - Recent actions by China regarding rare earth exports and technology controls have sparked global attention, indicating a significant shift in international trade rules and geopolitical dynamics [1][3] Group 1: China's Position in Rare Earth Market - China is the largest producer of rare earth elements, controlling approximately 90% of high-purity rare earth production capacity, which underscores its substantial influence in the market [1] - The recent export control measures by China encompass raw materials, technology, and equipment across multiple segments of the industry, even affecting products processed in third countries, leading to a comprehensive "blockade" strategy [1] Group 2: Netherlands' Actions and Implications - The Dutch government has taken measures against China's Wingtech Technology, freezing assets of its subsidiary, ASML, in 30 global entities, signaling a provocative stance against China and a violation of international trade norms [3] - The actions taken by the Netherlands are seen as a response to the broader U.S.-EU strategy to curb China's technological advancements, indicating a shift in how commercial issues are being politicized [3][5] Group 3: Impact on International Investment Environment - The intertwining of commercial and political issues is reshaping the international investment landscape, potentially leading to increased "political risks" for Chinese companies' overseas assets [5] - The current global economic recovery phase makes the protection of Chinese assets abroad a pressing concern for both political and business leaders, especially in high-tech sectors [5] Group 4: China's Strategic Response - China is expected to utilize legal, diplomatic, and public opinion strategies to defend its rights, challenging arbitrary actions taken under the guise of "national security" [7] - Emphasizing technological independence and internal development of the supply chain is crucial for China to counter Western technological blockades [7] - China should actively participate in reshaping international rules to ensure fair and equitable development for all nations, moving away from historically unfavorable multilateral trade rules [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the United States' role in the World Trade Organization (WTO), highlighting its self-proclaimed status as a founding member while simultaneously undermining the organization's rules when they no longer serve its interests [1][5]. Group 1: U.S. Actions and Criticism - A Canadian scholar labeled the U.S. as a "trade rogue," criticizing its return to protectionist policies reminiscent of the Great Depression, and suggested expelling the U.S. from the WTO [3]. - Since 2018, the U.S. has frequently violated international trade rules, raising tariffs and obstructing the appointment of judges to the WTO's appellate body, effectively paralyzing its dispute resolution mechanism [5]. - The U.S. has threatened to withdraw from the WTO while simultaneously attempting to control its budget and influence personnel appointments, turning the organization into a platform that primarily serves U.S. interests [5][8]. Group 2: Challenges of Expulsion - The possibility of expelling the U.S. from the WTO is virtually impossible due to the lack of a mechanism for collective expulsion, as outlined in the Marrakesh Agreement [6]. - Despite discussions in Congress about potential withdrawal, there has been no definitive outcome, indicating that the U.S. is unlikely to leave the WTO voluntarily [6][9]. - The U.S. remains the largest player in the WTO, making it difficult for other countries to effectively respond to its rule-breaking behavior [9]. Group 3: EU's Response and Future Implications - The EU is developing a "Plan B" to establish a new multilateral dispute resolution mechanism, indicating a growing discontent with the current WTO structure under U.S. influence [8]. - The U.S. has been dismantling key pillars of the WTO, such as the most-favored-nation treatment and the dispute resolution mechanism, which has led to a collapse of these systems [8]. - The U.S.'s imposition of a 50% tariff in 2025 serves as a final ultimatum to other countries, emphasizing its willingness to escalate tensions if its demands are not met [8].

Core Viewpoint - Japan's Finance Minister, Kato Katsunobu, stated that Japan cannot impose tariffs on countries importing Russian oil from the perspective of international law [1][3]. Group 1: International Trade Commitments - Japan's stance is based on its commitments under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework, which requires fair treatment of all member countries and adherence to agreed-upon tariff limits [3]. - Japan has decided not to follow the U.S. in imposing tariffs on imported Russian oil, indicating a careful balance between international rules and national interests [3]. Group 2: Global Trade Implications - Japan recognizes that adhering to international trade rules is crucial for its long-term development within the global trade system [3]. - Some commentators noted that Japan's position aligns with China's previous statements on the legality of normal economic cooperation between China and Russia, reflecting a broader international consensus against economic coercion [3].

Group 1 - The G7 summit concluded with President Trump urging traditional allies like Japan and Germany to impose high tariffs on goods from China and India, ranging from 50% to 100% [1][3] - Japan's Finance Minister, Taro Kato, stated that Japan would not impose additional tariffs on China and India, citing World Trade Organization (WTO) rules as a defense [5][7] - Japan emphasized the principles of most-favored-nation treatment and non-discrimination under WTO rules, arguing that raising tariffs based solely on energy trade with Russia is prohibited [9] Group 2 - Japan's refusal to comply with Trump's demands reflects its deep economic ties with China, as evidenced by a nearly balanced trade volume of $206.4 billion in the first eight months of 2025 [10] - Historical lessons from the Plaza Accord in 1985, which led to Japan's economic stagnation, have influenced Japan's current independent stance on economic policies [12] - Japan's energy security strategy includes diversifying energy sources, with Russian energy imports being a key component, while also preparing to increase purchases from other regions [14] Group 3 - The political environment in Japan, particularly the impending resignation of Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, has provided a favorable context for rejecting U.S. demands [14] - China's strong opposition to unilateral sanctions and potential retaliatory measures has also played a crucial role in Japan's decision [15] - The U.S. has not immediately retaliated against Japan's refusal, indicating the complexity of U.S.-Japan relations and the ongoing security cooperation between the two nations [17] Group 4 - Japan's decision to reject Trump's tariff demands may signal a shift in global trade dynamics, where even close allies begin to prioritize national interests and international rules over blind allegiance [19]