证券研究报告|金融工程研究报告 [Table_Date] 2025 年 8 月 3 日 [Table_Title] 7 月份超额收益继续加速——盈利预期期限结构选股月报 202508 [Table_Summary] ► 盈利预期期限结构因子 分析师在某一时点会对上市公司未来多年的盈利做出预 测，我们将预期盈利随未来年度变化的趋势称为盈利预期期 限结构。 我们选择盈利增速、盈利增速加速度综合排名提升最多 的股票，形成的股票组合走势表现优异。 与传统的分析师预期提升策略相比，本方法既体现了年 度间的盈利预期期限结构，又体现了历史业绩成长。 ► 选股组合表现 在沪深 300、中证 500、中证 800、中证 1000 内分别选择 综合因子值排名前 50、50、100、100 名的股票，构成选股组 合。 2025 年 7 月，沪深 300 选股组合、中证 500 选股组合、 中证 800 选股组合、中证 1000 选股组合超额收益继续加速， 大幅跑赢基准，超额收益分别为 2.89%、3.23%、3.39%、 0.99%。 2025 年前 7 个月，沪深 300、中证 500、中证 800、中证 1000 选股组合涨幅 ...

Group 1: Davis Double Strategy - The Davis Double strategy involves buying stocks with growth potential at a lower price-to-earnings (PE) ratio, waiting for growth to manifest, and then selling for a multiplier effect, achieving returns from both earnings per share (EPS) and PE increases [7][10] - The strategy has achieved an annualized return of 26.45% during the backtest period from 2010 to 2017, exceeding the benchmark by 21.08% [10] - Year-to-date, the strategy has a cumulative absolute return of 29.82%, outperforming the CSI 500 index by 21.30%, with a weekly excess return of 3.76% [10][14] Group 2: Net Profit Gap Strategy - The Net Profit Gap strategy focuses on selecting stocks based on fundamental and technical resonance, where "net profit" refers to earnings surprises, and "gap" indicates a significant upward price jump on the first trading day after earnings announcements [12][14] - Since 2010, this strategy has achieved an annualized return of 29.83%, with an annualized excess return of 27.67% over the benchmark [14] - The current year's cumulative absolute return for the strategy is 35.44%, exceeding the benchmark index by 26.93%, with a weekly excess return of 0.43% [14] Group 3: Enhanced CSI 300 Portfolio - The Enhanced CSI 300 portfolio is constructed based on investor preferences, including GARP (Growth at a Reasonable Price), growth, and value investing styles, utilizing PB-ROE and PE-growth factors to identify undervalued stocks with strong earnings potential [16] - The strategy has shown stable excess returns historically, with a year-to-date excess return of 17.08% relative to the CSI 300 index, and a weekly excess return of 0.45% [16] - The portfolio's performance for the current year reflects a 20.13% absolute return, with a 17.08% excess return over the benchmark [16]

- The RPV factor (Renewed Correlation of Price and Volume) integrates intraday and overnight information by dividing price-volume into four quadrants. It leverages monthly IC averages to identify reversal and momentum effects. The factor incorporates "volume" information in correlation form, optimizing intraday and overnight price-volume relationships to create a robust selection factor[6][1][7] - The SRV factor (Smart Renewed Volume) splits intraday price movements into morning and afternoon segments, calculating minute-level "smart" indicators. It identifies the 20% of afternoon minutes with the highest "smart" indicator values as informed trading periods. The factor uses turnover rates during these periods and replaces overnight turnover rates with the last 30-minute turnover rate of the previous day, combining the best-performing intraday and overnight price-volume correlation factors[6][1][7] - The RPV factor achieved an annualized return of 14.44%, annualized volatility of 7.71%, IR of 1.87, monthly win rate of 72.46%, and maximum drawdown of 10.63% during the backtest period from January 2014 to July 2025[7][10] - The SRV factor achieved an annualized return of 17.15%, annualized volatility of 6.49%, IR of 2.64, monthly win rate of 74.64%, and maximum drawdown of 3.74% during the backtest period from January 2014 to July 2025[7][10] - In July 2025, the RPV factor's 10-group long portfolio returned 5.18%, the short portfolio returned 5.58%, and the long-short portfolio returned -0.39%[10] - In July 2025, the SRV factor's 10-group long portfolio returned 5.66%, the short portfolio returned 5.81%, and the long-short portfolio returned -0.15%[10]

Core Insights - The report introduces an innovative "Betting Against Bad Beta" (BABB) factor, which distinguishes between "bad" beta sensitive to cash flow shocks and "good" beta sensitive to discount rate shocks, improving upon the traditional "Betting Against Beta" (BAB) strategy [2][19][78] - The BABB strategy shows an annualized return of 15.0% with a Sharpe ratio of 1.09, significantly outperforming the BAB factor, which has an annualized return of 11.4% and a Sharpe ratio of 1.01 [5][21][78] Group 1: BAB Factor Improvement - The BABB factor enhances the BAB strategy by incorporating a dual-factor approach that includes both cash flow beta (bad beta) and traditional beta [3][19] - The theoretical foundation for beta decomposition is based on the ICAPM framework, utilizing VAR models to separate market risk into cash flow beta and discount rate beta [4][18] Group 2: BABB Factor Strategy - The BABB factor is constructed through a dual sorting mechanism based on beta and bad beta, allowing for better capture of the permanent risk premium associated with cash flow shocks [5][48] - Empirical results indicate that the BABB strategy achieves a six-factor regression alpha of 75 basis points, which is double that of the BAB strategy [5][21][59] Group 3: Robustness Testing - The report examines the sensitivity of the BABB strategy to different beta calculation methods, finding that BABB consistently maintains a higher Sharpe ratio compared to BAB across various estimation techniques [66][70] - The analysis of leverage and transaction costs reveals that while BABB incurs higher transaction costs due to its focus on small-cap stocks, it still delivers superior historical returns and alpha compared to BAB [72][75] Group 4: Summary - The BABB factor represents a significant advancement over the BAB factor by effectively distinguishing between good and bad beta, leading to improved risk-adjusted returns [78]

Quantitative Factors and Construction Factor Name: GAN_GRU Factor - **Construction Idea**: The GAN_GRU factor is derived by processing volume-price time-series features using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model, followed by encoding these time-series features with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model to generate a stock selection factor [4][13][41] - **Construction Process**: 1. **Input Features**: 18 volume-price features such as closing price, opening price, turnover, and turnover rate are used as input data. These features are sampled every 5 trading days over the past 400 days, resulting in a feature matrix of shape (40,18) [14][17][18] 2. **Data Preprocessing**: - Outlier removal and standardization are applied to each feature over the 40-day time series - Cross-sectional standardization is performed at the stock level [18] 3. **GAN Model**: - **Generator**: An LSTM-based generator is used to preserve the sequential nature of the input features. The generator takes random noise (e.g., Gaussian distribution) as input and generates data that mimics the real data distribution [23][33][37] - **Discriminator**: A CNN-based discriminator is employed to classify real and generated data. The discriminator uses convolutional layers to extract features from the 2D volume-price time-series "images" [33][35] - **Loss Functions**: - Generator Loss: $$ L_{G} = -\mathbb{E}_{z\sim P_{z}(z)}[\log(D(G(z)))] $$ where \( z \) represents random noise, \( G(z) \) is the generated data, and \( D(G(z)) \) is the discriminator's output probability for the generated data being real [24] - Discriminator Loss: $$ L_{D} = -\mathbb{E}_{x\sim P_{data}(x)}[\log D(x)] - \mathbb{E}_{z\sim P_{z}(z)}[\log(1-D(G(z)))] $$ where \( x \) is real data, \( D(x) \) is the discriminator's output probability for real data, and \( D(G(z)) \) is the discriminator's output probability for generated data [27] 4. **GRU Model**: - Two GRU layers (GRU(128,128)) are used to encode the time-series features, followed by an MLP (256,64,64) to predict future returns [22] 5. **Factor Output**: The predicted returns (\( pRet \)) from the GRU+MLP model are used as the stock selection factor. The factor is neutralized for industry and market capitalization effects and standardized [22] Factor Evaluation - The GAN_GRU factor effectively captures the sequential and cross-sectional characteristics of volume-price data, leveraging the strengths of GANs for feature generation and GRUs for time-series encoding [4][13][41] --- Factor Backtesting Results GAN_GRU Factor Performance Metrics - **IC Mean**: 11.43% (2019-2025), 10.97% (last year), 9.27% (latest month) [41][42] - **ICIR**: 0.89 [42] - **Turnover Rate**: 0.82 [42] - **Annualized Return**: 38.52% [42] - **Annualized Volatility**: 23.82% [42] - **IR**: 1.62 [42] - **Maximum Drawdown**: 27.29% [42] - **Annualized Excess Return**: 24.86% [41][42] GAN_GRU Factor Industry Performance - **Top 5 Industries by IC (Latest Month)**: - Home Appliances: 27.00% - Non-Bank Financials: 23.08% - Retail: 20.01% - Steel: 14.83% - Textiles & Apparel: 13.64% [41][42] - **Top 5 Industries by IC (Last Year)**: - Utilities: 14.43% - Retail: 13.33% - Non-Bank Financials: 13.28% - Steel: 13.23% - Telecommunications: 12.36% [41][42] GAN_GRU Factor Long Portfolio Performance - **Top 5 Industries by Excess Return (Latest Month)**: - Textiles & Apparel: 5.19% - Utilities: 3.62% - Automobiles: 3.29% - Non-Bank Financials: 2.56% - Pharmaceuticals: 1.47% [2][43] - **Top 5 Industries by Average Monthly Excess Return (Last Year)**: - Home Appliances: 5.44% - Building Materials: 4.70% - Textiles & Apparel: 4.19% - Agriculture: 4.09% - Utilities: 3.92% [2][43]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods - **Model Name**: Value Smart Beta Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: The model selects stocks based on the value style, aiming for high beta elasticity and long-term stable excess returns[8] **Model Construction Process**: The Value Smart Beta Portfolio includes two sub-portfolios: Value 50 Portfolio and Value Balanced 50 Portfolio. These portfolios are constructed by selecting stocks with low historical correlation and aligning with the value style. The detailed construction process is based on the methodology outlined in the October 5, 2024, report on Smart Beta portfolio construction[8] - **Model Name**: Growth Smart Beta Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: The model focuses on the growth style, targeting high beta elasticity and long-term stable excess returns[8] **Model Construction Process**: The Growth Smart Beta Portfolio includes two sub-portfolios: Growth 50 Portfolio and Growth Balanced 50 Portfolio. Stocks are selected based on their alignment with the growth style and low historical correlation. The methodology follows the principles outlined in the October 5, 2024, report on Smart Beta portfolio construction[8] - **Model Name**: Small-Cap Smart Beta Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: The model emphasizes the small-cap style, aiming for high beta elasticity and long-term stable excess returns[8] **Model Construction Process**: The Small-Cap Smart Beta Portfolio includes two sub-portfolios: Small-Cap 50 Portfolio and Small-Cap Balanced 50 Portfolio. Stocks are chosen based on their small-cap characteristics and low historical correlation. The construction process adheres to the methodology described in the October 5, 2024, report on Smart Beta portfolio construction[8] Model Backtesting Results - **Value Smart Beta Portfolio** - **Value 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 0.09% - Weekly Excess Return: -1.24% - Monthly Absolute Return: 3.51% - Monthly Excess Return: 0.03% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 14.88% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 9.41% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 2.34%[9] - **Value Balanced 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 1.72% - Weekly Excess Return: 0.39% - Monthly Absolute Return: 5.31% - Monthly Excess Return: 1.82% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 10.67% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 5.20% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 3.99%[9] - **Growth Smart Beta Portfolio** - **Growth 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 1.67% - Weekly Excess Return: -1.12% - Monthly Absolute Return: 5.00% - Monthly Excess Return: -1.20% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 6.07% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 1.69% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 3.61%[9] - **Growth Balanced 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 1.19% - Weekly Excess Return: -1.60% - Monthly Absolute Return: 2.09% - Monthly Excess Return: -4.12% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 10.52% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 6.14% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 6.11%[9] - **Small-Cap Smart Beta Portfolio** - **Small-Cap 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 1.30% - Weekly Excess Return: -0.82% - Monthly Absolute Return: 9.84% - Monthly Excess Return: 4.30% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 34.84% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 18.00% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 6.23%[9] - **Small-Cap Balanced 50 Portfolio**: - Weekly Absolute Return: 1.82% - Weekly Excess Return: -0.29% - Monthly Absolute Return: 5.54% - Monthly Excess Return: 0.00% - Year-to-Date Absolute Return: 27.99% - Year-to-Date Excess Return: 11.15% - Maximum Relative Drawdown: 4.56%[9]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core View of the Report - This week, the market sentiment recovered, with the Sci - tech Innovation Board leading the rise. Small and micro - cap stocks remained active, and dividend assets with relatively strong defensive attributes also achieved positive returns. Among the dividend sub - sectors, the central and state - owned enterprise dividend series index had a more prominent performance, with an average increase of about 2.44%. The A - share industries continued to diverge, and the commodity market was strong under the "anti - involution" market. In the electronics sector, semiconductor equipment and optical components led the gains. The dividend and electronics enhanced portfolios had weak excess performance, but the electronics balanced allocation enhanced portfolio outperformed the median return of active technology funds [2][7]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Introduction of Active Quantitative Products - Since July 2023, the Yangtze River Quantitative Finance team has launched multiple active quantitative products such as the dividend selection strategy and the industry high - win - rate strategy. The active quantitative product weekly report is launched to track the performance of active quantitative strategies, including new strategy releases and the return performance of existing strategies [6][13]. 3.2 Strategy Tracking 3.2.1 Dividend Series - Market performance: The market sentiment recovered, with the Sci - tech Innovation 50 and the Sci - tech Innovation Composite Index rising about 4.63% and 3.95% respectively this week. Small and micro - cap stocks were active. Dividend assets achieved positive returns, and the central and state - owned enterprise dividend series index had an average increase of about 2.44%. - Strategy performance: Although the central and state - owned enterprise high - dividend 30 portfolio achieved positive returns, affected by the cyclical product market, both dividend portfolios failed to outperform the CSI Dividend Total Return Index. Since the beginning of 2025, the offensive and defensive dividend 50 portfolio has an excess return of about 1.91% and ranks at about the 44th percentile among all dividend - type funds [7][15][21]. 3.2.2 Electronics Series - Market performance: A - share industries continued to diverge. The commodity market was strong, with raw materials and energy rising about 5.25% and 4.97% respectively. The public utilities and financial sectors significantly corrected. In the electronics sector, semiconductor equipment and optical components rose about 6.59% and 5.10% respectively, far ahead of other sub - tracks. - Strategy performance: This week, the electronics balanced allocation enhanced portfolio achieved positive returns and outperformed the median return of active technology funds, but both electronics portfolios failed to outperform the electronics total return index. Since the beginning of 2025, both portfolios have outperformed the electronics industry index, with excess returns of about 1.96% and 2.98% for the electronics balanced allocation enhanced portfolio and the electronics sector preferred enhanced portfolio respectively [7][24][31].

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Interest Rate Price-Volume Multi-Cycle Timing Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy uses kernel regression algorithms to identify support and resistance lines in interest rate trends. It combines signals from long, medium, and short investment cycles to form a composite timing view[10][22] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Signal Generation**: - Use kernel regression to capture the shape of interest rate trends and identify breakout signals for long, medium, and short cycles[10] - Long-cycle signals switch monthly, medium-cycle signals switch bi-weekly, and short-cycle signals switch weekly[10] 2. **Portfolio Allocation Rules**: - If at least two cycles show downward breakouts and the trend is not upward, allocate fully to long-duration bonds - If at least two cycles show downward breakouts but the trend is upward, allocate 50% to medium-duration bonds and 50% to long-duration bonds - If at least two cycles show upward breakouts and the trend is not downward, allocate fully to short-duration bonds - If at least two cycles show upward breakouts but the trend is downward, allocate 50% to medium-duration bonds and 50% to short-duration bonds - In other cases, allocate equally across short, medium, and long durations[22] 3. **Benchmark**: Equal-weighted duration strategy (1/3 short, 1/3 medium, 1/3 long duration)[22] 4. **Stop-Loss Mechanism**: Adjust to equal-weight allocation if daily excess return falls below -0.5%[22] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy demonstrates strong robustness with consistent positive returns and high win rates over an 18-year backtest period[22][23] --- Model Backtest Results 1. Interest Rate Price-Volume Multi-Cycle Timing Strategy - **Long-Term Performance (2007.12.31 to Latest Report Date)**: - Annualized Return: 6.15% - Maximum Drawdown: 1.52% - Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 2.25 - Excess Annualized Return: 1.66% (relative to equal-weighted duration benchmark) - Excess Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 1.17[22] - **Short-Term Performance (Since 2023 End)**: - Annualized Return: 6.93% - Maximum Drawdown: 1.52% - Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 5.94 - Excess Annualized Return: 2.2% - Excess Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 2.31[22][23] - **Win Rates (2007-2025)**: - Annual Absolute Return > 0: 100% - Annual Excess Return > 0: 100%[23] - **Yearly Performance Statistics**: - Example Years: - 2008: Absolute Return 17.08%, Excess Return 4.41% - 2014: Absolute Return 13.47%, Excess Return 2.67% - 2024: Absolute Return 9.35%, Excess Return 2.52%[26] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Interest Rate Structure Indicators (Level, Slope, Convexity) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Transform yield-to-maturity (YTM) data of 1-10 year government bonds into structural indicators to analyze the interest rate market from a mean-reversion perspective[7][9] - **Factor Construction Process**: 1. **Level Structure**: Average YTM across all maturities 2. **Slope Structure**: Difference between long-term and short-term YTM 3. **Convexity Structure**: Second derivative of the yield curve to measure curvature[7][9] - **Factor Evaluation**: The current readings indicate a low level structure, low slope structure, and neutral-to-low convexity structure, suggesting a relatively bearish outlook for the interest rate market[9] --- Factor Backtest Results 1. Interest Rate Structure Indicators - **Current Readings**: - Level Structure: 1.6% (17th percentile over 3 years, 10th percentile over 5 years, 5th percentile over 10 years) - Slope Structure: 0.35% (18th percentile over 3 years, 11th percentile over 5 years, 14th percentile over 10 years) - Convexity Structure: 0.09% (32nd percentile over 3 years, 21st percentile over 5 years, 21st percentile over 10 years)[9]

Key Insights - The report highlights a focus on the humanoid robot industry, which has seen a significant increase in market attention, with the National Securities Robot Industry Index rising by 7.6% from July 7 to July 18, 2025 [6][8] - Major factors driving this resurgence include substantial orders from leading companies, capital acquisitions, influential statements from industry leaders, and supportive government policies aimed at fostering innovation in humanoid robotics [7][8] - The report also notes that the active equity fund median position reached 90.63% in Q2 2025, indicating a historical high and a shift towards increased allocations in TMT, Hong Kong stocks, and machinery sectors [9][10] Humanoid Robot Industry - The humanoid robot market is experiencing a revival, with key players like China Mobile placing significant orders, which serve as a validation of product functionality and market readiness [6][7] - The report identifies a trend of increased capital activity, with companies pursuing mergers and acquisitions to enhance their market positions [7] - Government initiatives are also playing a crucial role, with policies aimed at promoting the development of humanoid robots and related technologies [8] Active Equity Fund Analysis - The report indicates that the highest allocation sectors for active equity funds in Q2 2025 were TMT (23.37%), Hong Kong stocks (20.41%), and machinery (19.68%), reflecting a strategic shift in investment focus [9][10] - The report emphasizes that the current allocation levels are above historical averages for several sectors, indicating a bullish sentiment among fund managers [9][10] AI Computing Industry - The AI computing supply chain is entering a phase of maturity, driven by advancements in generative AI and large language models, leading to a closure of the demand-supply loop [11][12] - The report highlights that the infrastructure for AI computing is expected to see continued investment, with significant growth in demand for high-end AI servers [12][13] - The competition in the PCB industry is intensifying due to the rising demand for AI servers, with a projected 150% increase in demand for high-density interconnect (HDI) boards [13]

Group 1: Core Insights - The report introduces a quantitative model solution for addressing the value-growth style switching issue based on odds and win rates [1][8] - The latest growth style investment expectation is calculated at 0.14, while the value style investment expectation is at -0.04, recommending a shift towards growth style [4][18] Group 2: Odds - The estimated odds for the growth style is 1.11, while for the value style it is 1.08, indicating a negative correlation between relative valuation levels and expected odds [2][14] - The report emphasizes that the relative valuation level of market styles is a key influencing factor for expected odds [2][14] Group 3: Win Rates - Among seven win rate indicators, four point towards growth and three towards value, resulting in a current win rate of 53.87% for growth and 46.13% for value [3][16][17] Group 4: Investment Expectations and Strategy Returns - The annualized return of the style rotation model strategy from 2013 to present is 27.35%, with a Sharpe ratio of 1.01 [4][19] - The total return for the growth style is 544.78%, while for the value style it is 605.02%, indicating a strong performance of both styles [19]