商务部公告2025第61号 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规定，经中国国务院批准，决定 采取以下出口管制措施: 10月9日，据商务部网站消息： 一、境外组织和个人（以下称"境外特定出口经营者"）在向中国以外的其他国家和地区出口以下物项前，必须获得中国商务部颁发的两用物项出口许可证 件: （一）含有、集成或者混有原产于中国的本公告附件1第一部分所列物项在境外制造的本公告附件1第二部分所列物项，且附件1第一部分所列物项占境外 制造的附件1第二部分所列物项的价值比例达到0.1%及以上的； （二）使用原产于中国的稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术在境外生产的本公告附件1所列物项； （三）原产于中国的本公告附件1所列物项。 二、对向境外军事用户的出口申请，以及向出口管制管控名单和关注名单所列的进口商和最终用户（包括其控股50%及以上的子公司、分公司等分支机 构）的出口申请，原则上不予许可。 三、用于或者可能用于以下最终用途的出口申请，原则上不予许可： （一）设计、开发、生产、使用大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具； ...

10月9日，商务部发布公告，公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定、 公布对境外相关稀土物项实施出口管制的决定 。 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制 造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条 例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 商务部公告2025第62号 公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规 定，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制，有关规定如下： 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、调试、维护、维修、升级等技 术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 本公告所称"稀土""冶炼分离""金属冶炼""稀土二次资源"的含义和范围 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, requiring licenses for specific exports and imposing restrictions on assistance to foreign rare earth activities [2][7]. Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain permission to export technologies related to rare earth mining, refining, metallurgy, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [2][3]. - Exporters are defined as Chinese citizens, legal entities, and organizations, and the term "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision of controlled items [3][4]. Compliance and Reporting Obligations - Exporters are required to apply for export licenses and submit relevant documentation, including a description of the controlled technology being transferred [4][5]. - Exporters must enhance compliance awareness and can consult the Ministry of Commerce if uncertain about whether their items fall under the control measures [4][5]. Restrictions on Assistance - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from providing substantial assistance to foreign rare earth activities without permission, with violations subject to penalties [5][6]. Implementation Timeline - The announcement takes effect immediately, with updates to the export control list [6][10]. Specific Export Control Items - The controlled items include various rare earth metals and materials, such as samarium, dysprosium, and neodymium, as well as related manufacturing technologies [11][12][13][14][15].

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce of China has announced new export control measures to safeguard national security and interests, requiring specific export licenses for certain dual-use items [1][4][7] - Export applications for military users and those on the control list will generally not be approved [2][4] - Export applications for items related to the development of advanced semiconductor technologies and military-related artificial intelligence will be subject to case-by-case approval [2][4] Group 1: Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain licenses for items containing Chinese-origin materials if they constitute 0.1% or more of the total value of the exported item [1][4] - Exporters using Chinese-origin rare earth technologies for production abroad must also apply for licenses [1][4] - Exporters must report humanitarian aid exports to the Ministry of Commerce within 10 working days without needing a license [2][4] Group 2: Compliance and Documentation - Exporters must provide compliance documentation to foreign importers and end-users when exporting controlled items [3][6] - Exporters are required to strengthen compliance awareness and understand the nature of the items they intend to export [6][7] - Any entity providing services related to the export of controlled items must inquire about the export activities and licensing status of their clients [6][7] Group 3: Implementation Timeline - Certain provisions of the announcement will take effect on December 1, 2025, while others are effective immediately [4][7] - The announcement updates the list of controlled items and includes guidelines for compliance documentation [4][8]

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests [1][3] - The decision is based on relevant laws and regulations, including the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China [3] Group 1: Export Control Regulations - Export of the following items requires permission: technologies related to rare earth mining, smelting separation, metal smelting, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [3][4] - Exporters must apply for export licenses for controlled items and provide necessary documentation as specified [4][5] - The definition of "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision to foreign organizations or individuals [4] Group 2: Compliance and Responsibilities - Exporters are required to enhance compliance awareness and determine whether their goods, technologies, and services fall under controlled items [5][6] - Any individual or organization must not provide intermediary services for activities that violate the export control regulations [5][6] - Technologies that have entered the public domain or are necessary for basic scientific research are not subject to these controls [6] Group 3: Implementation and Updates - The announcement takes effect immediately upon publication, and the Export Control List will be updated accordingly [7]

商务部公告，为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规定，经国 务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制。 商务部公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定 商务部公告，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制。以下物项未经许可不得出口： 一、境外组织和个人（以下称"境外特定出口经营者"）在向中国以外的其他国家和地区出口以下物项前，必须获得中国商务部颁发的两用物项出口许可证 件: （一）含有、集成或者混有原产于中国的本公告附件1第一部分所列物项在境外制造的本公告附件1第二部分所列物项，且附件1第一部分所列物项占境外 制造的附件1第二部分所列物项的价值比例达到0.1%及以上的； （二）使用原产于中国的稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术在境外生产的本公告附件1所列物项； （三）原产于中国的本公告附件1所列物项。 （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、 ...

五矿资源(01208)：中国五矿下属的湖南锡矿山闪星锑业全资控制的锡矿山超过30万吨的锑矿资源。 江西铜业（600362）(00358)：公司产品中包括粗锑和锑酸钠化合物。 华西证券（002926）此前指出，美国政府积极重建本国稀土产业链，但短期看全球稀土永磁体生产仍高 度集中于中国。 国金证券则认为，涨价、供改兑现、供应扰动叠加板块战略属性提升，稀土板块将继续演化估值业绩双 升。 稀土及稀有金属相关板块港股： 金力永磁（300748）(06680)：金力永磁2024年产销量已位居全球稀土永磁材料行业第一，公司具备技 术+产能+客户资源等优势，并发力人形机器人等新运用领域。 商务部公布对境外相关稀土物项实施出口管制的决定。 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分 离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二 条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出 口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 其中，对向境外军事用户的出口申请，以及向出口管制管控名单和关注名单所列的进口商和最终用户 ...

为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条 例》等法律法规相关规定，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制，有关规定如下： 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制 编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、调试、维 护、维修、升级等技术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分 离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二 条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出 口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 二、本公告所称出口经营者，包括中国公民、法人和非法人组织，以及在中国境内的所有自然人、法人 和非法人组织。 本公告所称出口，指将本公告所列管制物项自中华人民共和国境内向境外转移，或者在境内或者境外提 供给外国组织或者个人，包括贸易性出口以及通过知 ...

内容提要： 文章质疑民众对美国稀土精炼技术的误判，通过土耳其转向美合作开发贝利科娃稀土矿、巴基斯坦5亿美元稀土交易及MP Materials停止 稀土对华出口等事件，论证美国正加速"再工业化"稀土供应链。历史回顾显示，美国曾占全球50%市场，现借助G7+四方机制，挑战中 国稀土金属垄断。未来，中国稀土市场份额恐下滑，企业面临产能闲置。 稀土精炼产品出口限制，是中国目前对抗美国非关税贸易措施的主要工具。在大多数国人眼中，美国虽然有稀土矿，但美国没有稀土精 炼技术，没有稀土产业链，美国开采出来的稀土矿都需要送到中国精炼加工提纯。一旦中国对稀土精炼产品实施出口管制，美国的很多 企业，从汽车到芯片，从飞机到军工，都会面临灭顶之灾。美国再有钱，也发展不起稀土产业链，因为稀土精炼技术都是中国的专利。 国人的这些认知，真真假假，虚虚实实。美国真的缺乏稀土精炼技术吗？美国真的缺乏重稀土的精炼能力吗？美国的稀土国产化，失败 了吗？美国的稀土产业链，真的无路可走到了死胡同吗？ 相信大家看完以下三则消息，不管你懂不懂稀土技术，能不能查询到稀土精炼的专利在中美欧的分布情况，仅仅从逻辑的角度，你就能 判断美国稀土供应链是否失败了？是否 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses China's current position in the rare earth market, emphasizing that it has transitioned from being a low-cost exporter to a net importer of rare earths, with imports in 2022 reaching 121,000 tons compared to exports of 48,000 tons, indicating a shift in market dynamics [3][5] - China's rare earth processing capabilities are highlighted as superior, with a 30% higher efficiency and 50% lower costs compared to foreign competitors, supported by unique extraction technologies and a limited pool of specialized talent [8][10] - The article also addresses the U.S. rare earth situation, noting that while the U.S. ranks second globally in production, it struggles with the refining process, which has led to reliance on foreign sources for processed materials [13][15] China's Rare Earth Market Position - In 2022, China exported 48,000 tons of rare earths while importing 121,000 tons, making imports 2.5 times higher than exports [3] - The majority of imports (69%) come from the U.S., primarily in unprocessed forms, which are then refined in China for domestic use [5][6] - China's production capacity for critical materials like neodymium-iron-boron magnets and dysprosium-doped materials exceeds 70% of global supply [10][12] U.S. Rare Earth Challenges - The U.S. produced 14.3% of the world's rare earths in 2022 but lacks the refining technology and talent necessary to process these materials effectively [13][15] - The Mountain Pass mine, once a leading U.S. rare earth source, faced bankruptcy due to mismanagement and market fluctuations, highlighting the challenges in maintaining domestic production [15][17] - A partnership with Singapore's commodity firm, which is backed by Chinese resources, illustrates the ongoing dependency of U.S. operations on Chinese expertise [19] Geopolitical Implications - Pakistan's recent moves to engage with U.S. companies for rare earth development are seen as a strategic necessity rather than a shift in allegiance, reflecting the complexities of international relations based on mutual interests [21][23] - The article suggests that maintaining a focus on mutual benefits in partnerships is crucial for sustaining long-term relationships, regardless of short-term resource collaborations [25][27]