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近7成A股公司推年报分红,比亚迪等公司推高送转方案
Di Yi Cai Jing· 2025-05-08 14:04
Group 1 - Nearly 70% of A-share companies have announced cash dividend plans, with over 3,600 companies disclosing their annual reports and dividend proposals, totaling more than 1.6 trillion yuan in proposed cash dividends [1] - The leading companies in this dividend wave include major state-owned enterprises and industry leaders, with the top three in total cash dividends being Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (586.64 billion yuan), China Mobile (approximately 499.4 billion yuan), and China Construction Bank (515.02 billion yuan) [1] - Companies like PetroChina, China Shenhua, and Kweichow Moutai also plan to distribute over 10 billion yuan in dividends [1] Group 2 - The trend of regular cash dividends is becoming more evident, with significant improvements in both the scale and coverage of cash dividends among A-share companies, driven by policy guidance [2] - There is a cautionary note regarding the return of "high send and transfer" schemes, as some companies may use these to mask underlying weaknesses in their fundamentals [2]
西南期货早间评论-20250508
Xi Nan Qi Huo· 2025-05-08 07:17
1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - The external environment is favorable for Treasury bond futures, but considering the relatively low current Treasury bond yields, the impact of tariffs, and the potential for repeated tariff adjustments, it is recommended to maintain a certain degree of caution [7][8]. - Despite concerns about the impact of tariffs on the domestic economic recovery rhythm and corporate profit growth, the long - term performance of Chinese equity assets is still optimistic, and it is considered to go long on stock index futures [10][11]. - The long - term bullish trend of precious metals is expected to continue, and it is recommended to go long on gold futures on dips [14]. - For various commodities, different investment strategies are proposed based on their respective supply - demand, valuation, and technical aspects, such as going long or short on certain contracts, or taking a wait - and - see approach [16][19][21]. 3. Summary by Directory Treasury Bonds - The previous trading day saw a full - line decline in Treasury bond futures, with the 30 - year, 10 - year, 5 - year, and 2 - year main contracts down 0.62%, 0.19%, 0.08%, and 0.01% respectively. The central bank carried out 195.5 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations on May 7, with an operating rate of 1.50%, and there was a net withdrawal of 335.3 billion yuan on that day. The central bank adjusted the 7 - day reverse repurchase operating rate to 1.40% from May 8, cut the deposit reserve ratio by 0.5 percentage points from May 15, and cut the personal housing provident fund loan interest rate by 0.25 percentage points from May 8 [7]. - The Fed's stance and tariff issues have an impact on the market. It is expected that the volatility will increase, and caution should be maintained [8][9]. Stock Index - The previous trading day saw mixed performance in stock index futures. Financial regulators proposed measures to support the capital market, including expanding the pilot scope of long - term investment of insurance funds, adjusting solvency regulatory rules, and promoting a long - cycle assessment mechanism. The China Securities Regulatory Commission also took measures to stabilize the market [10]. - Although tariffs disrupt the domestic economic recovery rhythm, the long - term performance of Chinese equity assets is still optimistic, and it is considered to go long on stock index futures [11][12]. Precious Metals - The previous trading day saw a 0.79% increase in the gold main contract and a 0.21% increase in the silver main contract. China has increased its gold reserves for six consecutive months. The complex global trade and financial environment, potential monetary policy easing, and other factors are expected to drive up the price of gold. It is recommended to go long on gold futures on dips [13][14]. Threaded Steel and Hot - Rolled Coils - The previous trading day saw weak oscillations in threaded steel and hot - rolled coil futures. The real - estate industry's downward trend suppresses the price of threaded steel, but the peak - season demand may provide short - term support. The valuation of steel prices is low, and the downward space may be limited. It is recommended to pay attention to short - selling opportunities on rebounds [16]. Iron Ore - The previous trading day saw oscillations in iron ore futures. The increase in iron ore demand and the decrease in imports and port inventory support the price. The valuation of iron ore is relatively high in the black - series varieties. It is recommended to pay attention to buying opportunities at low levels [18][19]. Coking Coal and Coke - The previous trading day saw a slight decline in coking coal and coke futures. The supply of coking coal is loose, and the trading atmosphere has weakened. The demand for coke has improved, but the possibility of further price increases is low. It is recommended to pay attention to short - selling opportunities on rebounds [21]. Ferroalloys - The previous trading day saw a 0.39% decline in the manganese - silicon main contract and a 0.04% increase in the silicon - iron main contract. The supply of ferroalloys is still high, and the demand is weak. It is recommended to pay attention to call - option opportunities for manganese - silicon and consider short - position exit opportunities for silicon - iron [23][24]. Crude Oil - The previous trading day saw a sharp increase in INE crude oil. News such as Kazakhstan's commitment to the OPEC+ agreement, the progress of the Russia - Ukraine peace agreement, and the upcoming China - US talks are favorable for crude oil. It is recommended to take a long - position operation on the main crude - oil contract [25][26]. Fuel Oil - The previous trading day saw a sharp increase in fuel oil following crude oil. The demand for high - sulfur fuel oil in Asia is showing signs of strengthening. The relaxation of US sanctions on Russia may be negative for high - sulfur fuel oil, while the expected signing of a tariff agreement and the decrease in Singapore's inventory are positive. It is recommended to take a long - position operation on the main fuel - oil contract [28]. Synthetic Rubber - The previous trading day saw a 1.34% increase in the synthetic - rubber main contract. The supply pressure continues, the demand improvement is limited, and the cost rebounds. It is expected to oscillate weakly [30][31]. Natural Rubber - The previous trading day saw the natural - rubber main contract close flat and the 20 - rubber main contract rise 0.28%. The global supply is expected to increase, and the demand may improve due to tariff changes. It is expected to oscillate weakly [33]. PVC - The previous trading day saw a 0.27% decline in the PVC main contract. The supply pressure eases marginally, and the demand recovers weakly. It is expected to oscillate at the bottom [35]. Urea - The previous trading day saw a 0.96% increase in the urea main contract. The approaching summer corn - fertilizer preparation period may not offset the supply elasticity. The potential Indian tender and domestic export - policy adjustment may affect the price. It is recommended to pay attention to export changes [38]. p - Xylene (PX) - The previous trading day saw a 2.81% increase in the PX2509 main contract. PX devices are under centralized maintenance, and the cost support is enhanced. It is expected to oscillate and adjust following the cost, and it is recommended to operate in the low - price range [40][41]. PTA - The previous trading day saw a 2.48% increase in the PTA2509 main contract. The planned maintenance of PTA devices increases, and the cost is expected to improve. It is expected to oscillate, and it is recommended to operate in the low - price range [42]. Ethylene Glycol - The previous trading day saw a 1.55% increase in the ethylene - glycol main contract. The restart of coal - based ethylene - glycol devices is less than expected, and the inventory may decline slightly. It is recommended to participate cautiously at low levels [43][44]. Short - Fiber - The previous trading day saw a 1.67% increase in the short - fiber 2506 main contract. The downstream demand is weak, and the cost is the main factor affecting the price. It is recommended to participate cautiously [45]. Bottle Chips - The previous trading day saw a 1.69% increase in the bottle - chip 2506 main contract. The cost support is enhanced, and the supply and demand lack a driving force. It is expected to oscillate following the cost [46][47]. Soda Ash - The previous trading day saw a 0.90% decline in the 2509 main contract. In May, the number of maintenance devices increases, but the overall supply remains high. The export advantage is gradually established. It is recommended that short - position holders at low levels adjust their positions [49]. Glass - The previous trading day saw a 0.09% increase in the 2509 main contract. The production line is at a low level, and the actual supply - demand has no obvious driving force. The tariff adjustment and relevant financial policies may affect the market sentiment [50][51]. Caustic Soda - The previous trading day saw a 0.76% increase in the 2509 main contract. Some devices will enter the maintenance period in May. The demand from alumina and non - aluminum downstream is limited. It is necessary to pay attention to the device operation and liquid - chlorine price [52][53]. Pulp - The previous trading day saw a 1.26% increase in the 2507 main contract. The inventory continues to accumulate, the supply increases, and the market is in a weak pattern. The trading sentiment is poor [54][55]. Lithium Carbonate - The previous trading day saw a 1.99% decline in the lithium - carbonate main contract. The supply is high, the demand is weak, and the inventory increases. It is expected to run weakly [57]. Copper - The previous trading day saw Shanghai copper rise first and then fall. Although the ICSG expects a surplus in refined - copper supply, the Sino - US talks may boost demand. It is recommended to take a long - position operation on the Shanghai copper main contract [58][59]. Tin - The previous trading day saw a 0.94% decline in Shanghai tin. The resumption of production in major mines eases the shortage pattern, and the impact of Sino - US trade on the downstream electronic - consumption market remains. It is expected to oscillate bearishly [61]. Nickel - The previous trading day saw a 0.35% decline in Shanghai nickel. The cost support is strong, but the demand may weaken in the off - season. The overall supply - demand is in a surplus pattern. It is recommended to wait and see cautiously [62][63]. Industrial Silicon/Polysilicon - The previous trading day saw industrial silicon and polysilicon continue to decline. The demand in the industrial chain is weak, the supply decline is limited, and the price is expected to continue to be under pressure. It is recommended to pay attention to the start - up changes in the southwest region during the wet season and maintain a bearish view [64]. Soybean Oil and Soybean Meal - The previous trading day saw a 0.03% decline in the soybean - meal main contract and a 0.44% increase in the soybean - oil main contract. The supply of soybeans is expected to be loose, the upward pressure on soybean meal is high, and it is recommended to wait and see. The cost support for soybean oil at the bottom is enhanced, and it is recommended to pay attention to call - option opportunities [65][66]. Palm Oil - Malaysian palm oil has been falling for seven consecutive days. The inventory may increase, and the demand is weak. It is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity to expand the spread between soybean oil and palm oil [67][69]. Rapeseed Meal and Rapeseed Oil - Canadian rapeseed prices are fluctuating. The production of Canadian rapeseed is expected to increase. China has imposed tariffs on Canadian rapeseed products. It is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity to go long on rapeseed meal after a pullback [70]. Cotton - The previous trading day saw a slight increase in domestic Zhengzhou cotton. The planting progress in the US and China is known, and the demand is affected by tariffs. The downstream demand is weak, and it is recommended to wait and see [71][73]. Sugar - The previous trading day saw domestic Zhengzhou sugar oscillate weakly. Brazil is entering the production - acceleration period, and the sugar production in India is lower than expected. The domestic inventory is neutral, and it is recommended to wait and see [75][78]. Apples - The previous trading day saw a slight decline in domestic apple futures. The cold - storage inventory is low, and the sales are good. The new - year production is expected to increase. It is recommended to wait and see [80]. Live Pigs - The previous trading day saw the national average price of live pigs remain flat. The supply may increase after the holiday, and the consumption is in a short - term off - season. It is expected that the pig price will first weaken and then strengthen. It is recommended to wait and see [82][84]. Eggs - The previous trading day saw a decline in the average price of eggs in the main production and sales areas. The egg - laying hen inventory is increasing, and the supply is expected to increase in May. It is recommended to gradually take profit on the reverse spread [85][86]. Corn and Starch - The previous trading day saw a 0.25% increase in the corn main contract and a 0.26% increase in the corn - starch main contract. The supply of corn is expected to be in a slight surplus, and the demand is slowly recovering. The production and demand of corn starch are weak. It is recommended to wait and see [87][90]. Logs - The previous trading day saw a 0.44% increase in the 2507 main contract. The supply is affected by holidays and weather, and it is entering the off - season. The inventory is relatively neutral, and the demand improvement is limited. The market is in a weak state [91][93].
吉林细化措施转作风树新风
Jing Ji Ri Bao· 2025-05-08 03:04
Group 1 - The Jilin Provincial Party Committee emphasizes the implementation of the central eight regulations, leading to organized learning and education across various levels of party organizations [1] - A comprehensive implementation plan with 21 specific tasks has been approved to ensure effective learning and education [1] - Local governments, such as Changchun and Jilin City, are integrating learning into training programs for party members and focusing on issues like accountability and performance [1][2] Group 2 - The State Grid Jilin Electric Power Company is promoting a learning culture by utilizing various resources and addressing challenges in the construction of new power systems in cold regions [2] - The Jilin Provincial Taxation Bureau has established a three-tiered learning mechanism to deepen the understanding of central regulations and improve work ethics [2] - Jilin Oilfield Company has developed a detailed learning education plan with 16 key tasks to enhance production practices through educational initiatives [2]
整理:5月7日欧盘美盘重要新闻汇总
news flash· 2025-05-07 15:09
Domestic News - The People's Bank of China reported that as of the end of April, the country's gold reserves reached 73.77 million ounces, an increase of 70,000 ounces month-on-month, marking the sixth consecutive month of gold accumulation [3] - The China Securities Regulatory Commission issued an action plan to promote the high-quality development of public funds [3] - The China Passenger Car Association estimated that wholesale sales of new energy passenger vehicles in April reached 1.14 million units, a year-on-year increase of 42% and a month-on-month increase of 1%. Cumulatively, from January to April, wholesale sales reached 4 million units, also a year-on-year increase of 42% [3] - A total of 1.92 million new A-share accounts were opened in April, representing a year-on-year increase of 31% [3] International News - Goldman Sachs raised its copper price forecasts for the second and third quarters to $9,330 per ton and $9,150 per ton, respectively, up from previous forecasts of $8,620 and $8,370 [2] - The U.S. domestic crude oil production for the week ending May 2 was reported to be the lowest since January 24, 2025, while the EIA strategic petroleum reserve inventory reached the highest level since October 28, 2022 [2] - The German Defense Minister plans to increase defense spending to over €60 billion annually starting in 2025 [2] - The EU trade chief indicated that the European Commission will announce preparations for countermeasures against U.S. tariffs, with potential tariffs on U.S.-made cars if trade negotiations fail [2]
中原油田润滑油检测站运行稳定
Zhong Guo Hua Gong Bao· 2025-05-07 03:04
该基地还通过制订标准化检测流程、开展技术培训,帮助基层站点掌握快速油质分析技术,持续打造覆 盖全中原油田的润滑监测网络。此外,通过创新建立"设备润滑健康档案",该站对受检设备的油品历史 数据、换油记录、异常预警等信息进行系统化管理,为设备预防性维护提供了坚实的数据支撑。 为确保检测质量,该基地严格执行实验室管理体系,从取样、运输到检测、报告出具,全程可追溯。同 时,该基地与中原油田技术监测中心联动,对疑难样品进行复检和专家会诊,确保检测结果准确可靠。 "润滑油就像设备的'血液',它的状态直接关系到设备健康。" 该基地负责人朱由田表示,下一步,基地 将在该中心的统筹协调下,进一步拓展检测范围,探索油液在线监测技术,推动中原油田设备管理向智 能化、精准化迈进。 中化新网讯 近日,从中原油田地面工程抢维修中心濮城维修工区传来消息,该工区B级润滑油检测站运 行近一年来,累计创效97.8万元,为中原油田设备安全高效运行提供精准保障。 该站是中原油田首个B级润滑油检测基地,依托快速油质分析仪、化验室精密检测设备等技术手段,该 基地在推动设备润滑管理由传统"定期换油"向科学"按质换油"转变上发挥着突出作用。 据了解,过去润 ...
平安证券晨会纪要-20250507
Ping An Securities· 2025-05-07 00:37
Group 1: Pharmaceutical Sector Insights - The pharmaceutical sector has experienced three major market trends since 2018: the CXO sector from 2019 to 2021, the traditional Chinese medicine sector from 2021 to 2023, and the innovative drug sector from 2024 onwards. The innovative drug market is expected to continue its momentum due to clear policy support and strong clinical data from leading companies [6][7]. - As of Q1 2025, pharmaceutical theme funds have significantly increased their holdings in innovative drugs, with 24 funds having over 30% of their portfolios in this sector. This marks a shift from previous heavy investments in traditional Chinese medicine [7][8]. - Case studies of fund managers reveal diverse investment strategies, focusing on growth potential, valuation, and market trends. For instance, Zhou Sicong emphasizes high-concentration investments in promising sectors, while Zhao Wei seeks out high-growth areas within the pharmaceutical industry [8]. Group 2: Corporate Earnings and Economic Outlook - In Q1 2025, the overall profit growth for non-financial A-shares turned positive, with a year-on-year growth rate of 3.5%. This marks a significant improvement from the previous quarter, driven by sectors like TMT and consumer spending [9][10]. - The report highlights that companies with significant overseas revenue saw a 12.9% increase in net profit, indicating a recovery in international business performance [10][11]. - The outlook for corporate earnings remains cautious, with a focus on the impact of global trade dynamics and domestic consumption policies on various sectors, particularly technology and consumer goods [11][12]. Group 3: Bond Market Dynamics - The bond market in March 2025 saw a rapid growth in scale, with a year-on-year increase of 14.81%. Government bonds and negotiable certificates of deposit (NCDs) saw significant increases, while corporate credit bonds experienced a decline [13][14]. - The report indicates that banks are expected to increase their bond holdings, particularly in government bonds, due to reduced liability pressures and increased supply [14]. - The investment behavior of various institutions shows a trend of asset management companies increasing their bond allocations, while banks are reducing their exposure to interbank deposits [14][15]. Group 4: Industry-Specific Developments - The social services sector is experiencing a surge in activity, with a projected 14.67 billion cross-regional trips during the May Day holiday, reflecting an 8% year-on-year increase. This includes significant growth in rail and air travel [19]. - The beauty and personal care sector has shown resilience, with companies like Maogeping and Proya experiencing substantial stock price increases, indicating strong market performance [19]. - In the oil and petrochemical sector, OPEC+ has maintained its production increase strategy, which may lead to downward pressure on oil prices, affecting the profitability of domestic oil companies [21][23]. Group 5: Technology Sector Performance - The computer industry is projected to see stable revenue growth in 2024, with a notable improvement in profits in Q1 2025. The sector is benefiting from advancements in AI and increased demand for computing solutions [26][27]. - Companies within the computer sector are expected to experience a dual uplift in performance and valuation, with recommendations for investment in key players across various sub-sectors [27][28].
月论高股息:切换进行时
2025-05-06 15:27
Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - Focus on high dividend sectors including regional banks, railways, telecommunications, publishing, construction, and environmental protection industries [1][5][10] Core Insights and Arguments - **Investment Strategy**: - Trading investors should reduce dividend holdings, while long-term investors can switch within high dividend assets, focusing on sectors with lower congestion and strong fundamentals [1][3] - Quantitative models show a neutral stance on dividend assets due to mixed influences from market trends and interbank transaction volumes [6] - **Insurance Capital**: - Insurance funds are expected to purchase approximately 800-900 billion yuan in dividend stocks in 2024, aiming to allocate 5% of total assets to dividend investments [1][9] - High dividend stocks are seen as opportunities for insurance capital to compensate for cash shortfalls, with a preference for stable dividends and reasonable valuations [7][8] - **Sector Performance**: - The highway sector showed good performance in Q1 2025, with recommendations for specific stocks like Anhui Expressway and Guangdong Expressway [1][10][11] - The logistics park sector is benefiting from marginal recovery in real estate, while the port sector is advised to be cautious due to tariff impacts [1][10] - In the construction and building materials sector, cement and fiberglass profitability is improving, with recommendations for Sichuan Road and Bridge, China Liansu, and Shifeng Cement [1][12] - **Banking Sector**: - The banking sector continues to exhibit strong dividend logic, with regional banks showing resilience while large banks face some performance differentiation due to bond market fluctuations [20][22] - The overall stability of bank earnings is noted, with improvements in net interest margins and a stable dividend payout [21][22] - **Telecommunications**: - Telecom operators are diversifying into AI and cloud computing to offset declines in traditional business, with expected cost growth slowing down in 2025 [23][24][25] - Dividend yields for major telecom companies are projected to remain between 5% and 6%, with significant dividend growth anticipated [25] - **Education and Publishing**: - The education publishing sector is showing stable performance, with some companies achieving growth in net profits despite challenges [26][27] - The dividend payout ratio is expected to remain stable, with leading companies achieving higher ratios [27] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - **High Dividend Stocks Recommendations**: - Specific high dividend stocks recommended include Anhui Expressway (A-share 3.5%, H-share 5.5%), Guangdong Expressway (A-share 3.7%), and Zhejiang Huhangyu (H-share 6.4%) [11] - In the logistics sector, Shenzhen International is highlighted for its strong profit growth and high dividend yield [11] - **Future Projections**: - The construction sector is expected to see improved profitability, with a focus on structural and regional plans [12] - The railway sector is projected to maintain high investment levels, with significant demand for rail transit equipment [17][18] - **Market Dynamics**: - The overall market sentiment is cautious, with potential volatility due to tariff impacts and corporate earnings uncertainties [3][5] - The insurance sector's approach to dividend stocks is characterized by selective buying during market downturns, focusing on quality over quantity [9][10]
北水动向|北水成交净买入134.75亿 北水继续加仓港股ETF 全天抢筹美团(03690)超34亿港元
智通财经网· 2025-05-06 10:03
Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong stock market experienced significant net inflows from Northbound trading, with a total net buy of 134.75 billion HKD on May 6, 2023, indicating a positive sentiment towards certain stocks and sectors [1]. Northbound Trading Activity - The net buy from Northbound trading was 76.9 billion HKD through the Shanghai Stock Connect and 57.85 billion HKD through the Shenzhen Stock Connect [1]. - The most bought stocks included the Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (02800), Meituan-W (03690), and Hang Seng China Enterprises (02828) [1]. - The most sold stocks were Xiaomi Group-W (01810), Tencent (00700), and CNOOC (00883) [1]. Stock-Specific Insights - Xiaomi Group-W had a net sell of 4.91 billion HKD, with concerns over its vehicle's advertising changes and recent accidents [6]. - Tencent faced a net sell of 3.62 billion HKD, reflecting ongoing market challenges [7]. - Meituan-W saw a net buy of 34.56 billion HKD, with analysts noting the stability of the food delivery market despite short-term fluctuations [5]. - Alibaba-W (09988) received a net buy of 15.03 billion HKD, with news of Ant Group's potential IPO in Hong Kong [5]. - Construction Bank (00939) had a net buy of 5.24 billion HKD, despite a reported decline in first-quarter profits [5]. Market Sentiment and Future Outlook - Analysts from交银国际 expressed that the Hong Kong market shows resilience due to various supportive factors, with expectations of structural recovery in previously affected sectors [4]. - The report indicated that the emotional impact of tariffs has diminished, and global equity markets are recovering, which is positively influencing the Hong Kong market [4].
中证香港300价值指数报2722.69点,前十大权重包含中国银行等
Jin Rong Jie· 2025-05-06 08:25
Core Points - The Hong Kong 300 Value Index (HK300V) reported at 2722.69 points, showing a decline of 3.40% over the past month, an increase of 3.92% over the past three months, and a year-to-date increase of 2.89% [1] - The index consists of four sub-indices: Hong Kong 300 Growth Index, Hong Kong 300 Value Index, Hong Kong 300 Relative Growth Index, and Hong Kong 300 Relative Value Index, reflecting the performance of different style securities based on the Hong Kong 300 Index sample [1] - The index is based on a base date of December 31, 2004, with a base point of 1000.0 [1] Holdings Overview - The top ten holdings of the Hong Kong 300 Value Index include HSBC Holdings (11.28%), China Construction Bank (9.82%), China Mobile (7.91%), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (7.3%), Bank of China (5.74%), Ping An Insurance (5.49%), CNOOC (4.72%), China Merchants Bank (3.08%), Agricultural Bank of China (2.3%), and Bank of China Hong Kong (2.15%) [1] - The index's holdings are entirely composed of stocks listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, with a 100% allocation [1] Sector Allocation - The sector allocation of the index shows that Financials account for 58.82%, Communication Services for 11.80%, Energy for 10.52%, Real Estate for 8.18%, Industrials for 3.72%, Utilities for 2.52%, Materials for 1.58%, Consumer Staples for 1.33%, Health Care for 0.66%, Consumer Discretionary for 0.44%, and Information Technology for 0.44% [2] - The index samples are adjusted semi-annually, with adjustments occurring on the next trading day after the second Friday of June and December each year [2] - The sample adjustment allows for a maximum of 20% change in the sample ratio between the Hong Kong 300 Value Index and the Hong Kong 300 Growth Index [2]
风光不再!美国核心页岩油产区繁荣注定落幕?
Jin Shi Shu Ju· 2025-05-06 08:09
油田既能让人迅速暴富,也能让人轻易破产。1901年,得克萨斯州的纺锤顶油井(Spindletop)井喷,标志着现代石油 工业的开始,同时也导致油价暴跌。仅仅两年后,过度开采就使该油田走向衰落。 诚然,如今的石油行业规模大得多,也更为复杂精细。但即便在强大的二叠纪盆地(Permian Basin),这个让美国成 为世界最大石油生产国的地方,资源最终也会枯竭。有迹象表明,顶峰时刻就在眼前。 二十年前,美国每天原油产量已经降至约500万桶,比上世纪70年代减少了一半。就连像阿拉斯加北坡这样偏远的油田 产量也在下降,而且开采额外一桶石油的成本不断上升,石油行业似乎即将崩溃。 转机出现在工程师们想出了水力压裂技术——即将水、沙子和化学物质的混合物以极高的压力注入页岩层,使页岩层 破裂,从而开采出其中蕴藏的天然气和石油。这一方法在北达科他州和阿巴拉契亚地区的油田取得了成效,但或许没 有哪个地方比得克萨斯州的二叠纪盆地更受益。仅这个油田现在每天的产量就超过600万桶,几乎占美国目前石油产量 的一半,比技术革命前美国的原油总产量还多。 二叠纪盆地引领了美国原油生产 虽然水力压裂技术开辟了大量新的石油储备,但它并没有改变基本的 ...