远川投资评论 . 看更好的资管内容 四月的烟雨。 作者 I 张婕妤 编辑 I 沈晖 来源 I 远川投资评论 （ID：caituandzd） 四月以来的美股，像极了一个不稳定的新兴市场。 这话的出处，并不是憋屈已久的 A 股股民终于恶语反制，而是来自美国前财政部长萨默斯4 月 9 日晚上发的推特——"过去 2 4 小时的 发展表明，我们可能正走向一场完全由美国政府关税政策引发的严重金融危机……我们正被全球金融市场当作一个有问题的新兴市场 对待。" 以下文章来源于远川投资评论 ，作者张婕妤 从美东时间4月2日特朗普宣布向所有贸易伙伴征收"对等关税"，到七天之后的 4 月 9 日又宣布暂停大部分"对等关税"，再到豁免的语 焉不详、谈判预期的摇摆反复，全球市场在贸易体系的不确定性里出现罕见波动。几个月前还在"美国例外论"里岁月静好的美国资产 更是处在漩涡中心，股债汇全面震荡。 美国媒体把这场动荡称为"Ta riff Cr a s h "，直译是关税熊，但很多简中标题则沿用了上一个任期的顺口溜：一顿分析猛如虎，涨跌还看 特朗普。 尽管在 4 月 9 日之后，短期的硝烟似乎有所消散。在可能出现部分政策纠偏的预期下，一度警 ...

以下文章来源于远川投资评论 ，作者张婕妤 远川投资评论 . 看更好的资管内容 四月的烟雨。 作者 I 张婕妤 编辑 I 沈晖 来源 I 远川投资评论 （ID：caituandzd） 四月以来的美股，像极了一个不稳定的新兴市场。 这话的出处，并不是憋屈已久的 A 股股民终于恶语反制，而是来自美国前财政部长萨默斯4 月 9 日晚上发的推特——"过去 2 4 小时的 发展表明，我们可能正走向一场完全由美国政府关税政策引发的严重金融危机……我们正被全球金融市场当作一个有问题的新兴市场 对待。" 从美东时间4月2日特朗普宣布向所有贸易伙伴征收"对等关税"，到七天之后的 4 月 9 日又宣布暂停大部分"对等关税"，再到豁免的语 焉不详、谈判预期的摇摆反复，全球市场在贸易体系的不确定性里出现罕见波动。几个月前还在"美国例外论"里岁月静好的美国资产 更是处在漩涡中心，股债汇全面震荡。 4 月 7 日晚间，桥水基金创始人瑞·达里奥（Ra y Da li o） 更新了一篇文章，提醒人们不要误以为当前正在发生的一切主要只是关税问 题。 美国媒体把这场动荡称为"Ta riff Cr a s h "，直译是关税熊，但很多简中标题则沿用 ...

在Pamalican Asset Management Ltd.开始交易八个月之后，据知情人士透露，Millennium Management正 在从这只前高盛合伙人Jamie Goodman的对冲基金撤资。Pamalican计划在Millennium退出后向其他投资 者筹集资金。Millennium此前同意为该基金提供5亿美元支持，使其成为去年亚洲最引人注目的对冲基 金初创公司之一。（彭博） ...

四月以来的美股，像极了一个不稳定的新兴市场。 这话的出处，并不是憋屈已久的 A 股股民终于恶语反制，而是来自美国前财政部长萨默斯4 月 9 日晚 上发的推特——"过去 24 小时的发展表明，我们可能正走向一场完全由美国政府关税政策引发的严重 金融危机…… 我们正被全球金融市场当作一个有问题的新兴市场对待。 " 从美东时间4月2日特朗普宣布向所有贸易伙伴征收"对等关税"，到七天之后的 4 月 9 日又宣布暂停大 部分"对等关税"，再到豁免的语焉不详、谈判预期的摇摆反复，全球市场在贸易体系的不确定性里出现 罕见波动。几个月前还在"美国例外论"里岁月静好的美国资产更是处在漩涡中心，股债汇全面震荡。 美国媒体把这场动荡称为"Tariff Crash"，直译是关税熊，但很多简中标题则沿用了上一个任期的顺口 溜：一顿分析猛如虎，涨跌还看特朗普。 尽管在 4 月 9 日之后，短期的硝烟似乎有所消散。在可能出现部分政策纠偏的预期下，一度警告大衰 退的华尔街投行们也试图重新回到常规的分析框架内，对美国以及其他经济体的前景做出新的预测。 值得一提的是，在这场关税大震荡里迎来自己三十周年的世界贸易组织（WTO）却没有任何直接行动。 ...

转自：新华财经 近期美债的大幅抛售扰乱了全球市场，引发了人们对推动这种波动的力量的质疑。尽管通胀预期和美联 储政策仍是主要的长期驱动因素，但近期动荡背后可能有一个更为直接和技术性的因素：被称为"基差 交易"的杠杆对冲基金策略的大规模平仓。这种交易的机制是如何运作的，它为什么会瓦解，以及它是 如何导致债券和股票同时下跌的，本文将回答这个问题。 基差交易：美债市场套利 所谓基差交易，是对冲基金常用的一种相对价值策略，尤其是那些从事固定收益套利的对冲基金。这种 交易包括在现货市场买入美债，同时卖出等价的美债期货合约。其目的是从两种金融工具之间的价差 或"基准点"中获利。 在正常的市场条件下，美债期货和标的债券价格应该在期货合约到期时趋于一致。然而，价格上的些微 偏差——通常是由于资金、流动性或交割期权的差异——会创造套利机会。这些定价效率低下的情况通 常很小，因此交易严重依赖杠杆来产生有价值的回报。 为了购买美债现券，对冲基金利用回购市场，以相对较低的利率借入债券。这就形成了一个高度杠杆化 的头寸，只有在基差保持可预测和稳定的情况下才能盈利。 在过去的几个月里，美债市场的波动性明显增加。这在一定程度上是由于持续的通 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the alarming increase in leverage among major hedge funds involved in basis trading, raising concerns about potential market instability and the need for Federal Reserve intervention to prevent a crisis similar to past financial collapses [1][7][23]. Group 1: Hedge Fund Leverage and Basis Trading - Major hedge funds, including Millennium, Citadel, and Balyasny, have seen their regulatory leverage nearly double since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, approaching levels seen before the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) [1]. - The leverage used in these trades is reported to be around 20 times, indicating a high-risk environment for these institutions [4]. - A mere 5% loss in these leveraged positions could lead to catastrophic outcomes for the funds involved [7]. Group 2: Market Reactions and Implications - The current market conditions are characterized by a significant sell-off in U.S. Treasuries, with a record increase in yields, attributed to panic selling by hedge funds [12][14]. - The 10-year Treasury yield has surged by 50 basis points in just two days, reflecting the extreme volatility and fear in the market [14][16]. - The liquidity crisis is affecting all markets, leading to stock market declines and a potential dollar shortage due to the unwinding of synthetic dollar shorts [21]. Group 3: Federal Reserve's Role and Potential Actions - The Federal Reserve is under pressure to intervene, with discussions around potential measures such as rate cuts or quantitative easing to stabilize the market [18][22]. - There is a growing sentiment that the Fed may need to act soon, especially with significant events like the upcoming 10-year Treasury auction that could test market liquidity [21]. - The paradox exists where increasing liquidity issues could be misinterpreted as inflationary signals, complicating the Fed's decision-making process [21].

Core Points - The article discusses the significant impact of President Trump's new tariff policy, which imposes at least a 10% tariff on all imported goods starting April 5, and higher tariffs on countries deemed as serious trade violators [1] - The policy is viewed as a major shift in international trade order since World War II, raising concerns among family offices and investors about its implications for the market and economy [1][11] Impact on Family Offices - Family offices are increasingly reconsidering their investments in the U.S. due to concerns over economic growth and policy uncertainty stemming from the new tariffs [11][19] - There is a noticeable trend of high-net-worth family office clients diversifying their portfolios away from the U.S. to mitigate risks associated with the trade war [11][20] - Some family offices are exploring investments in hard assets like gold and real estate, while others are raising cash to wait for market stabilization [19][20] Market Reactions - The aggressive tariff strategy has led to a significant market downturn, with the U.S. stock market experiencing its worst week since March 2020 [1] - Notable private equity firms have halted IPOs and acquisitions due to the uncertainty created by the tariffs, indicating a paralysis in the private equity sector [3][4] - Hedge funds are facing increased pressure and are considering stepping back from trading due to the chaotic market conditions, with some funds suffering significant losses [6][8] Economic Forecasts - Goldman Sachs has downgraded its U.S. economic growth outlook and increased the probability of a recession to 45%, citing tightening financial conditions and rising policy uncertainty [8][10] - The potential for tariffs to raise effective rates by 20 percentage points could lead to further revisions in economic forecasts, including the likelihood of a recession [10] - UBS estimates that the new tariffs could slow global economic growth by 50 to 100 basis points, with the most significant impacts felt in Thailand and Singapore [10] Investment Trends - There is a shift among ultra-high-net-worth investors towards European and Asian markets, driven by concerns over U.S. economic policies and the search for better growth opportunities [11][19] - Family offices are increasingly looking for international investments not only for diversification but also as a hedge against currency fluctuations and to access unique investment opportunities [11][19] - The trend of reallocating investments away from the U.S. is becoming more pronounced, with family offices seeking to capitalize on emerging opportunities in other regions [19][20]

Core Viewpoint - The scale of basis arbitrage trading by hedge funds in the U.S. Treasury market has reached a historic high of $1 trillion, raising concerns among financial experts about the potential for a financial crisis [1][4]. Group 1: Basis Arbitrage Trading - Hedge funds have been utilizing the small price differences between U.S. Treasury cash and futures to engage in basis arbitrage, which involves going long on Treasury securities while shorting Treasury futures [6]. - The current scale of basis arbitrage trading has doubled since 2020, indicating a significant increase in risk exposure [4]. - The leverage ratio for hedge funds engaged in this trading has risen from 6.3 times to a record 7.8 times over the past year [7]. Group 2: Market Risks and Implications - The inherent leverage ratio for long cash and short futures positions is approximately 20 times, while the leverage on Treasury repo has surged to 56 times [8][10]. - Experts warn that a relatively small change in interest rate spreads could force hedge funds to liquidate their positions, potentially leading to widespread asset sell-offs [10][12]. - The resolution of the debt ceiling issue could trigger significant market volatility, as it would allow the U.S. Treasury to issue previously restricted bonds, leading to a sudden increase in supply [13][14]. Group 3: Proposed Solutions - Experts suggest that the Federal Reserve should consider a "hedged purchase" strategy instead of traditional quantitative easing (QE) to mitigate risks associated with high-leverage hedge funds [15][16]. - The proposed "hedged purchase" would involve the Fed buying U.S. Treasuries while simultaneously selling an equivalent amount of futures contracts to avoid distorting the term premium [16][20]. - This approach aims to provide a mechanism for high-leverage hedge funds to exit their positions without exacerbating market instability [17][19].

导 语："德鲁肯经济学"：特朗普经济政策背后的隐形推手。 斯坦利·德鲁肯米勒（StanleyDruckenmiller）在华尔街备受推崇。 据熟悉他投资回报的人士透露，这位资深投资者在经营自己的对冲基金以及随后管理家族办公室的三十多年里，从未经历过亏损年份。 如今，这位 71 岁的亿万富翁的影响力已经超越了金融领域，他的两位得意门生正在唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）政府的核心圈层中稳固立足。 通过斯科特·贝森特（ScottBessent）——现任美国财政部长，以及凯文·沃什（Kevin Warsh）——美联储（Federal Reserve）主席热门人选，德鲁肯 米勒的经济政策观点正变得前所未有的重要。 据知情人士透露，这位杜肯资本管理公司（Duquesne Capital Management）创始人、乔治·索罗斯（GeorgeSoros）旗下对冲基金的前成员，仍与贝 森特和沃什保持定期联系。 华尔街"独一档"的交易大师 熟悉德鲁肯米勒的人认为，他拥有惊人的市场洞察力，能精准识别有潜力的交易，并在必要时迅速调整自己的投资立场。 "在宏观投资领域，有斯坦，其他人只是其他人。"贝森特在接受FT采访时 ...

斯皮茨纳格尔不是孤例。对冲基金潘兴广场资本管理（Pershing Square Capital Management）的创始人 比尔·阿克曼（Bill Ackman），在这场灾难中赚得更多。他下注 2600 万美元，最终获得 36 亿美元的收 益，回报达 138 倍。《巴伦周刊》评价说，"这是有史以来最伟大的交易之一"。 这两件事激发了帕特森的兴趣，老记者的敏锐和直觉让他觉得金融投资可能已经出现新的变化。此前， 他捕捉到了量化金融的崛起，写了著作《宽客》（The Quants），里面的人物包括文艺复兴科技的创始 人詹姆斯·西蒙斯（James Simons）等。在另一本书《暗池》（Dark Pools）中，他较早地揭露了高频交 易和 AI 可能给金融市场带来的风险。 经过 3 年的调查研究和采访写作后，帕特森在 2023 年出版著作 Chaos Kings: How Wall Street Traders Make Billions In The New Age Of Crisis。中文版最近推出，书名译为《逆风翻盘：危机时代的亿万赢 家》。书的主角是阿克曼、斯皮茨纳格尔、纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布（Nassim ...