欢迎扫描下方二维码关注： 申税小微有话说： 在企业日常经营中，手续费支出十分常见，小到银行转账手续费，大到中介服务佣金，这类支出能否在企业所得税税前扣除？ 扣除限额多少？直接影响企业税务成本。 今天申税小微就结合最新政策，从" 常规行业扣除标准""特殊情形扣除规则""政策依据 "三方面，帮大家理清手续费税前扣除 的关键要点。 01 常规行业扣除标准（按行业分类） 扣除限额 ：与合法中介机构/个人签订协议的， 按协议确认收入金额 的5%计算限额 ， 超限额部分不得扣除。 举例 ：某贸易公司委托中介促成1000万元合同，支付60万元手续费。扣除限额=1000×5%=50万元，超出的10万元无法税 前扣除。 注意 ：需通过转账支付（委托个人除外）， 现金支付不可扣除 ；发行股票支付的 承销手续费也不可扣除。 扣除限额： 按当年全部保费收入扣除退保金等后的18%计算限额， 超限额部分可结转以后年度扣除 （区别于一般企 业"当年不扣"）。 举例 ：某保险公司当年保费收入扣除退保金后余额5000万元，支付手续费950万元。扣除限额=5000×18%=900万元，超 出的50万元可结转次年扣除。 扣除 场景 ：仅针对" 委 ...

Core Insights - Chile's trade activity index (IAC) increased by 4.8% year-on-year in August, driven by a significant rise in online and mail-order shopping [1] Retail Trade - Retail trade excluding automobiles and motorcycles grew by 6% year-on-year [1] - Supermarket sales increased by 3%, with a cumulative growth of 1.9% from January to August this year [1] Wholesale Trade - Wholesale trade excluding automobiles and motorcycles saw a year-on-year growth of 3.4% [1] Automotive Sector - The automotive and motorcycle repair sector, along with retail and wholesale trade, experienced a year-on-year growth of 5.1% [1] E-commerce - Retail e-commerce grew by 16.1% year-on-year, with a cumulative growth of 13.4% from January to August this year [1]

Group 1: U.S.-China Relations and Rare Earths - U.S. Congress member threatens to restrict Chinese flights in the U.S. if China does not supply rare earths, highlighting U.S. reliance on China for 70% of global production and 90% of refining capacity [2] - In June, China suspended rare earth exports, increasing the risk of production line shutdowns in the U.S. and Europe [2] - U.S. legislative pressure increased in July, with the Biden administration banning Chinese rare earth magnets for defense applications by 2027 [2] Group 2: China's Financial Strategy - In July, China reduced its holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds by $25.7 billion, the largest monthly decrease in two years, bringing total holdings to $730.7 billion, the lowest since December 2008 [3] - From April 2022 to now, China has reduced its U.S. Treasury holdings by over $586 billion, a 45% decline [3] - China is diversifying its reserves away from the dollar, reducing its dollar share from 79% in 2015 to 58% by June 2025 [3] Group 3: Gold Reserves and Global Trends - China's gold reserves increased to 2,298 tons by August 2025, marking a continuous buying trend for 10 months [4] - The global trend of de-dollarization is accelerating, with countries like the EU and India increasing their use of alternative currencies for trade [5] - Central banks globally purchased 415 tons of gold in the first half of 2025, with 43% planning to continue buying [5] Group 4: U.S. Economic Impact - U.S. tariffs on rare earths have led to increased costs for American manufacturers, affecting electric vehicle production and consumer prices [8] - The U.S. is facing challenges in establishing alternative supply chains for rare earths, with experts suggesting it will take 5 to 10 years [2][8] - The U.S. Treasury's bond market is experiencing fluctuations, with the ten-year yield at 4.18% as of late September [10]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming Supreme Court hearing on November 5 regarding the legality of tariffs imposed by the Trump administration could significantly reshape presidential power and economic policy in the U.S. [1] Group 1: Legal Basis and Implications - The core of the judicial confrontation revolves around the Trump administration's invocation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) from 1977, which grants the president broad powers in response to a "national emergency" [2] - The tariffs implemented on April 2 have raised the effective tariff rate on consumer goods in the U.S. to 17.9%, the highest level since 1934 [2] Group 2: Government's Position - The White House expresses confidence in the legality of the tariffs, with trade advisor Peter Navarro providing three main arguments: trade deficits represent an "unusual and extraordinary" external threat, the IEEPA does not explicitly exclude tariffs as a "emergency" tool, and these tariffs will undergo periodic congressional review [3] Group 3: Legal Community's Perspective - The mainstream legal opinion, including many conservative scholars, argues that the government's legal basis is weak, with a high likelihood of losing the case, primarily based on the "major-questions doctrine" which requires explicit congressional or constitutional authorization for significant economic and political actions [4][5] Group 4: Market Reactions and Economic Consequences - The outcome of the Supreme Court case is viewed as a "Damocles sword" over Wall Street, with potential for two drastically different futures depending on the ruling [6] - If the tariffs are deemed illegal, the White House may need to refund billions in tariffs, impacting fiscal policy, and the unilateral economic strategy of the Trump administration could be fundamentally undermined [7] - Conversely, a ruling in favor of the Trump administration would greatly expand presidential power, allowing for unilateral economic decisions without congressional approval, potentially leading to market volatility if negative economic indicators coincide with a loss [9]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of credit as a tangible asset for businesses, enhancing their operational efficiency and access to financing [1][2] - The "credit + N" incentive system in Xing'an League focuses on optimizing the business environment and strengthening credit empowerment, addressing issues like insufficient incentive scenarios and ineffective joint punishment [1][2] - The establishment of a "policy toolbox" through the "Joint Incentive Memorandum" allows enterprises to enjoy cross-departmental benefits once included in the credit incentive list, promoting a more integrated approach to resource allocation [3] Group 2 - The implementation of the "Two Notices Delivered Together" mechanism helps businesses recover from minor credit issues by providing clear guidelines for credit restoration, with 861 notices delivered and 478 companies successfully rehabilitated [3] - The "credit + N" mechanism has expanded from pilot cases to widespread participation across various industries, with a total credit amount of 810 million yuan available through the "Xinyidai" platform, alleviating financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises [3]

Core Points - The trade war between the US and India officially began on August 6, 2025, when the Trump administration imposed a 25% tariff on Indian oil imports from Russia, escalating tensions in global trade [1] - The US had already increased tariffs on Indian exports by 25% on August 1, 2025, citing India's long-standing purchases of arms and oil from Russia, leading to a total tariff rate of 50% on Indian goods exported to the US [3][5] - India's economy, which relies heavily on exports to the US, is projected to suffer a GDP growth decline of 0.4 percentage points due to the new tariffs, with the textile industry facing significant job losses [5] Trade Dynamics - In 2024, India's exports to the US reached $87 billion, accounting for 3% of its GDP, with key exports including pharmaceuticals, jewelry, auto parts, and textiles [5] - India's oil reserves are limited, with only 5.9 billion barrels, representing 0.3% of global reserves, and domestic production has been declining for seven consecutive years [7] - Despite limited domestic production, India's oil demand is projected to reach 240 million tons in 2024, marking a historical high, with an expected annual growth rate of 4% to 5% over the next decade [7] Diplomatic Responses - In response to the tariffs, India's Ministry of External Affairs criticized the US for its "double standards," highlighting that the US and Europe purchase more Russian oil than India [8] - Historically, the US has overlooked India's oil purchases from Russia to counterbalance China's influence, but the recent shift in US policy reflects a change in geopolitical strategy [9][11] Economic Implications - India's high dependency on oil imports is evident, with an 89% reliance on imports in 2024, costing over $132 billion, which has led to conflicts with US sanctions [11] - The Indian government has benefited from low-priced Russian oil, saving over $4.4 billion from 2022 to 2024, and achieving a GDP growth rate of 9.19% in 2023 [12] - Following the sanctions, Indian refineries plan to reduce Russian oil imports starting in October 2025, indicating a retreat in response to US pressure [14] Geopolitical Context - The trade friction between the US and India reflects broader geopolitical tensions, with both countries using economic measures as tools in their strategic competition [15]

Core Points - The "Sunday Closure" policy in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been in effect for nearly a year, leading to mixed reactions within society [1] - The government is monitoring the policy's implementation and is open to potential modifications based on feedback from stakeholders [1] Positive Aspects - Employees benefiting from the policy have more time for rest [1] - There has been a slight increase in the turnover of the trade sector since the policy was enacted [1] Negative Aspects - Employment in the trade sector has decreased, with the number of employees dropping from 62,400 in November last year to 60,500 in March this year, resulting in 2,000 job losses attributed to the policy [1] - Workers in sectors not covered by the Sunday closure, such as gas stations, gambling establishments, and bakeries, have experienced increased workloads [1] - The policy has led to overcrowding in supermarkets on Saturdays, making shopping more difficult for consumers [1] - There are currently no indications that the government will alter the Sunday closure policy, which is expected to continue [1]

Market Overview - The U.S. stock market has shown a small upward trend, with the Dow Jones increasing by over 80 points, the S&P 500 rising by 0.4%, and the Nasdaq gaining 0.3% [3] - In September, the Dow Jones rose by 1.87%, while the Nasdaq surged by 5.61%, continuing a five-month streak of gains [3] Government Shutdown Concerns - The potential government shutdown is a significant concern, as it could disrupt economic data collection, particularly the non-farm payroll report scheduled for release [3][4] - The Vice President indicated a high probability of a shutdown, with estimates from cryptocurrency platforms suggesting an 85% chance [3] - Analysts express that if the shutdown extends beyond two weeks, market sentiment could shift from cautious observation to panic [3] Trade Policy Developments - Former President Trump has announced new tariffs on lumber and furniture, as well as threats of tariffs on foreign films and a 100% tax on brand-name drugs [4] - These trade actions may not have an immediate impact on the stock market but could gradually affect corporate profits [4] Investment Strategy - Investors are advised to focus on long-term stability rather than short-term market fluctuations, especially in light of the looming government shutdown [4] - The current market rally should be viewed with caution, as underlying risks remain unaddressed [4]

Group 1 - OECD has raised its global economic growth forecast for this year to 3.2%, citing stronger resilience against global trade tensions than initially expected [1] - The growth forecast for 2026 remains unchanged at 2.9%, with tariffs expected to exacerbate the slowdown trend [1] - Strong investments in artificial intelligence in the US and public spending in China have contributed to economic growth [1] Group 2 - The effective tariff rate in the US rose to 19.5% in August, the highest level since 1993, posing significant risks to future economic outlook [2] - OECD has slightly raised the US economic growth forecast from 1.6% to 1.8% for this year, but warns of potential further slowdown due to tariff increases and high political uncertainty [2] - Rising food prices, geopolitical tensions pushing up energy prices, and companies passing on tariff costs to consumers may lead to increased inflation [2]

Core Insights - The trade sector experienced a rise of 0.98% on September 30, with CITIC Metal leading the gains [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3882.78, up 0.52%, while the Shenzhen Component Index closed at 13526.51, up 0.35% [1] Trade Sector Performance - CITIC Metal (601061) closed at 9.57, with an increase of 2.68% and a trading volume of 282,600 shares, amounting to a transaction value of 270 million [1] - Other notable performers included: - Wumart Development (600058) at 9.10, up 1.56% [1] - Nanjing Commercial Travel (600250) at 11.10, up 1.56% [1] - Jiangsu Guotai (002091) at 9.14, up 1.44% [1] Capital Flow Analysis - The trade sector saw a net inflow of 93.13 million from institutional investors, while retail investors experienced a net outflow of 56.21 million [2][3] - Key stocks with significant capital flow included: - Redmed (600710) with a net inflow of 54.80 million from institutional investors [3] - Jiangsu Guotai (002091) with a net inflow of 16.87 million from institutional investors [3] - Yiatong (002183) with a net inflow of 11.84 million from institutional investors [3]