Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors in China showed signs of recovery in December 2025, with key indices rising above the expansion threshold, indicating improved economic conditions [1][4]. Manufacturing Sector - In December 2025, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) reached 50.1%, marking the first time it entered the expansion zone since April [1]. - Among the 21 surveyed industries, 16 reported an increase in PMI compared to the previous month, indicating improved production and operational conditions [1]. - The production index and new orders index were 51.7% and 50.8%, respectively, both showing significant increases of 1.7 and 1.6 percentage points from the previous month [1]. - High-tech manufacturing PMI was 52.5%, up 2.4 percentage points, indicating positive growth trends [3]. - Equipment manufacturing and consumer goods industries both recorded PMIs of 50.4%, rising by 0.6 and 1.0 percentage points, respectively [3]. - The procurement activity accelerated with a procurement volume index of 51.1%, entering the expansion zone [2]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index was 50.2%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points, indicating an improvement in the non-manufacturing sector's economic conditions [4]. - The new orders index for non-manufacturing rose to 47.3%, up 1.6 percentage points, reaching the highest level this year [4]. - The business activity expectation index for non-manufacturing was 56.5%, reflecting a continuous increase for three months, indicating rising market confidence [4]. - The construction industry saw a significant improvement, with the business activity index at 52.8%, up 3.2 percentage points from the previous month [4]. Composite Index - The Composite PMI Output Index reached 50.7%, an increase of 1.0 percentage point, indicating overall expansion in production and operational activities [5].

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing sector showed signs of recovery in December, driven by an increase in working days and the effectiveness of policy financial tools, which improved demand in infrastructure and manufacturing investment chains [1] Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - Key indicators related to production and demand improved across the board, with factory price indicators rebounding, reflecting recovery in various manufacturing sectors due to the combination of working day differences and policy support [1] - Industries benefiting from this recovery include those in the infrastructure chain driven by policy financial tools, as well as the automotive and textile sectors, which saw improvements in export growth [1] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI showed improvement, primarily driven by a recovery in the construction industry, while the service sector remains relatively weak, indicating that the impact of incremental tools needs to expand further [1] Group 3: Economic Outlook - Overall, the economic climate improved in December due to the combination of more working days and the influence of policy financial tools, with expectations that the effects of these policies will continue to manifest, promoting marginal economic improvement [1]

制造业结构方面呈现积极变化，四大重点行业PMI均高于上月。高技术制造业PMI为52.5%，较上 月上升2.4个百分点，行业增长态势向好。装备制造业和消费品行业PMI均为50.4%，分别比上月上升 0.6个和1个百分点，双双升至扩张区间。高耗能行业PMI为48.9%，比上月上升0.5个百分点，景气水平 继续回升。 从企业规模看，大型企业PMI为50.8%，较上月上升1.5个百分点，在连续2个月运行在50%以下后 回到扩张区间，其中生产指数和新订单指数都较上月上升超过2个百分点至52%以上。中型企业PMI为 49.8%，较上月上升0.9个百分点，创年内次高点，其中生产指数较上月上升1.2个百分点至接近52%的 水平，新订单指数较上月上升2.1个百分点至接近50%的水平，显示中型企业需求持稳运行，生产加快 扩张。 经济日报记者 熊 丽 国家统计局服务业调查中心、中国物流与采购联合会发布的数据显示，2025年12月份，制造业采 购经理指数、非制造业商务活动指数和综合PMI产出指数分别为50.1%、50.2%和50.7%，比上月上升 0.9个、0.7个和1个百分点。国家统计局服务业调查中心首席统计师霍丽慧表示，三大指数 ...

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、屠强、耿佩璇 联系人 | 屠强、耿佩璇 事件： 12月31日，国家统计局公布12月PMI指数，制造业PMI为50.1%、前值49.2%，非制造业PMI为50.2%、前值49.5%。 核心观点：新动能、消费品行业拉动12月PMI，化债挤出效应缓解、出口韧性也有支撑。 12月高频指标转弱下，制造业PMI却明显回升。 12月以来，高炉开工、PTA开工、货运量等高频指标均有走弱；但制造业PMI较前月回升0.9个百分点至 50.1%，时隔9个月再次站上荣枯线。其中生产、新订单指数分别较11月回升1.7、1.6个百分点。 支撑一：新动能相关领域PMI明显改善，但缺乏相关高频指标，可持续性需要继续观察。 从行业来看，黑色压延、化学纤维、化学原料等传统行业12月PMI 均有回落，与高炉、PTA开工等回落表现一致。但缺乏开工指标跟踪的电气机械、医药等新兴行业PMI却有回升。大类行业中，高技术、装备制造业PMI均有 改善，分别上行2.4、0.6个百分点至52.5%、50.4%。 支撑二：高频指标未跟踪到的部分消费行业PMI改善，尤其是受需求透支风险影响较小的领域。 12月汽车高频产销 ...

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI has returned to the expansion zone for the first time since April, indicating a recovery in economic sentiment, driven by stable growth policies and resilient exports [2][4]. Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for December is reported at 50.1%, marking a significant increase and indicating expansion [2]. - The production index stands at 51.7%, up 1.7 percentage points from the previous month, reflecting accelerated production activities and improved market confidence [4]. - The new orders index has risen to 50.8%, indicating a recovery in market demand, particularly in sectors like food processing and textiles [5]. - Large enterprises' PMI has also returned to the expansion zone at 50.8%, up 1.5 percentage points from last month [5]. Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI is reported at 50.2%, showing improvement in the service sector, although the service PMI remains slightly below the expansion threshold at 49.7% [8]. - The construction sector has shown notable recovery, with the construction PMI rising to 52.8%, marking a return to expansion after five months [8]. - The business activity expectation index for the service sector is at 56.4%, indicating increased confidence among service enterprises regarding future market developments [8]. Group 3: Economic Policies and Outlook - The government is expected to implement more proactive macroeconomic policies, with a focus on balancing fiscal expansion and sustainable growth [3]. - The production and business activity expectation index has risen to 55.5%, reflecting enhanced confidence among manufacturing enterprises [7]. - The overall economic environment is supported by favorable external trade conditions and a strong global AI investment trend, contributing positively to exports [6].

Manufacturing PMI Insights - In December 2025, the Manufacturing PMI rose to 50.1%, an increase of 0.9 percentage points from November, marking the first time it entered the expansion zone since April 2025[8] - Among the 21 surveyed industries, 16 reported an increase in PMI compared to November, driven by improved trade conditions and proactive inventory preparations ahead of the Spring Festival[8] - The production index and new orders index contributed 0.43 and 0.48 percentage points to the PMI, respectively, indicating a positive shift in manufacturing activity[10] Demand and Supply Dynamics - The new orders index reached 50.8%, up 1.6 percentage points from November, marking its return to the expansion zone for the first time since the second half of the year[14] - The production index also increased to 51.7%, reflecting a 1.7 percentage point rise, driven by stronger demand and improved business sentiment[14] - The raw material purchase price index decreased to 53.1%, down 0.5 percentage points, alleviating cost pressures for downstream manufacturing[17] Non-Manufacturing Sector Performance - The service sector's business activity index slightly increased to 49.7%, up 0.2 percentage points from November, with significant variation across industries[20] - The construction sector saw a notable rise, with the business activity index reaching 52.8%, an increase of 3.2 percentage points, attributed to favorable weather and upcoming holidays[23] Policy Outlook and Risks - Macro policies are expected to be more proactive in 2026, with early issuance of local government debt limits and investment plans totaling approximately 295 billion yuan[27] - A risk remains in the real estate sector, where demand still needs to be stimulated to support broader economic recovery[28]

Group 1: PMI Performance - December manufacturing PMI rose to 50.1%, marking an 8-month high and exceeding Bloomberg and Reuters' consensus estimate of 49.2%[2] - The PMI increase is characterized by strong structural certainty, although total economic uncertainty remains[2] - High-tech manufacturing PMI surged by 2.4 percentage points to 52.5%, indicating positive growth trends in the sector[7] Group 2: Demand and Production - New orders contributed 53% to the PMI increase, while production contributed 47%[7] - New orders index rose by 1.6 percentage points to 50.8%, and new export orders increased by 1.4 percentage points to 49.0%, reaching a new high since April[7] - Production index significantly improved by 1.7 percentage points to 51.7%, indicating strong expansion momentum[7] Group 3: Price and Inventory Trends - Main raw material purchase price index slightly decreased to 53.1%, while the factory price index rose to 48.9%[7] - Raw material inventory index increased to 47.8%, and finished goods inventory index rose to 48.2%, reflecting synchronized supply and demand improvements[7] Group 4: Non-Manufacturing Sector - Non-manufacturing PMI increased to 50.2%, returning to expansion territory, primarily driven by a 3.2 percentage point rise in construction PMI to 52.8%[7] - The construction sector's improvement is attributed to favorable weather conditions and accelerated project progress, although funding and project availability remain concerns[7] Group 5: Future Outlook - The sustainability of the manufacturing PMI increase is uncertain, with potential risks in demand and external economic conditions[6] - The need for stable growth remains significant as 2026 marks the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," indicating potential policy support to stabilize the economy[2]

Group 1: PMI Overview - In December, the manufacturing PMI rose to 50.1%, up from 49.2% in the previous month, while the non-manufacturing PMI increased to 50.2%, from 49.5%[2] - The December PMI's unexpected strength is attributed to multiple factors, including positive expectations from recent important meetings, easing trade frictions, and increased pre-holiday inventory demand[2] - The manufacturing PMI's month-on-month increase of 0.9 percentage points (pct) significantly exceeds the five-year average decline of 0.3 pct for the same period[2] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The production index rose to 51.7% (+1.7 pct), returning above the threshold, while the new orders index increased to 50.8% (+1.6 pct), marking the first time since June that it is above the threshold[2] - The new export orders index also saw a notable increase, rising to 49.0% (+1.4 pct), matching the high point of March this year[2] - The price index showed divergence, with the main raw material purchase price index at 53.1% (-0.5 pct) and the factory price index at 48.9% (+0.7 pct), indicating faster downstream replenishment compared to upstream[2] Group 3: Sector Performance - High-tech manufacturing PMI rose to 52.5% (+2.4 pct), significantly above the overall level, driving the increase in the overall manufacturing PMI[2] - Consumer goods PMI reached 50.4% (+1.0 pct), slightly higher than the overall PMI increase, supported by strong performance in sectors like computer communication and textile manufacturing[2] - The construction PMI was notably strong at 52.8% (+3.2 pct), outperforming seasonal expectations due to favorable weather conditions and pre-holiday construction activity[3]

报 告 正 文 PMI表现如何？ 12月全国制造业PMI显著回升，4月以来首度升至扩张区间，持平于过去五年同期中位数水 平，构成制造业PMI指数的五大分指数中，新订单、生产、原材料库存指数上升，从业人员指数下降，作为逆 指数的供应商配送时间指数上升。趋势变动情况看，供需同步改善，内需相对外需走强，需求端库存有所积 累，下游利润有所恢复。企业类型看，大、中型企业景气明显改善，小型企业景气回落。 此外，有三点值得关注 ： 一是产需同步修复。 一方面是中美吉隆坡经贸磋商后11-12月新出口订单指数连续 大幅回升，虽然新出口订单指数尚在荣枯线下，但新订单指数升至扩张区间；另一方面是生产指数环比改善幅 度超近十年同期，产需同步修复带动制造业PMI显著改善。 二是出厂价格相对购进价格改善。 11-12月出厂价 格指数连续上升，或指向下游利润分配出现改善迹象。 三是生产经营活动预期指数大幅上升。 制造业生产经 营活动预期指数环比升幅在近十年同期中仅低于2022年，创下年内新高，在外部扰动暂时缓和、内部政策定 调明确、以及清理欠款、反内卷等持续推进下，企业经营状态或在逐步改善，后续资本开支意愿或有提振。 制造业PMI显著上升 ...

2025 年 12 月 31 日 制造业 PMI 重返扩张区间 分析师：罗云峰 S1050524060001 luoyf2@cfsc.com.cn 分析师：杨斐然 S1050524070001 yangfr@cfsc.com.cn —固定收益点评报告 12 月制造业 PMI 为 50.1，回升 0.9，4 月份以来首次升至扩 张区间；非制造业 PMI 为 50.2，环比回升 0.7。 投资要点 ▌ 制造业：景气度明显改善 生产指数大幅提升 1.7 至 51.7。新订单指数提升 1.6 至 50.8，其中新出口订单提升 1.4 至 49。企业生产经营活动积 极性明显提升：原材料库存回升 0.5 至 47.8；生产回升带动 采购量大幅回升 0.6 至 51.1，生产经营活动预期提升 2.4 至 55.5。从行业看，农副食品加工、纺织服装服饰、计算机通 信电子设备等行业产需均高于 53；非金属矿物制品、黑色金 属冶炼及压延加工等行业两个指数均低于临界点. 企业盈利边际改善。原材料购进价格下降 0.5，出厂价格指 数增长 0.7。 大型企业经营状况回升至荣枯线之上。大、中、小型企业 12 月 PMI 分别变动 1.5 ...