Group 1: Subsidy Analysis - Land subsidies for the industrial sector in 70 cities averaged 1.45 trillion annually from 2017 to 2024, accounting for approximately 1.3% of national GDP[1] - In 2023, tax incentives for the manufacturing sector's corporate income tax were about 730 billion, representing 0.56% of GDP[1] - The average industrial land price in 2024 was 497 yuan per square meter, significantly lower than residential land prices, creating a price gap that benefits industrial sectors[1] Group 2: Tax Burden Disparities - In 2023, the lowest tax burdens were in Guangxi (8.5%), Fujian (8.6%), and Hunan (8.7%), while the highest were in Beijing (34.5%) and Shanghai (33.4%)[1] - The tax burden in the eastern region was 16.4%, higher than the central (10.7%), western (12.4%), and northeastern (12.7%) regions[1] - The manufacturing sector's tax burden was 16.8%, with high burdens in finance, real estate, and heavy industries[1] Group 3: Industry and Regional Insights - In 2023, the automotive manufacturing sector in Hebei had a profit margin of 1.9% and a tax burden of 2.7%, indicating potential internal competition issues[1] - The electrical machinery sector in Shaanxi had a profit margin of 2.3% and a tax burden of 1.8%, suggesting similar competitive pressures[1] - The electronic equipment sector in Anhui reported a profit margin of -0.6% and a tax burden of 1.1%, highlighting challenges in profitability[1] Group 4: Transition in Government Behavior - Local governments are shifting from "race to the bottom" competition, characterized by lowering costs, to "race to the top," focusing on improving the business environment and innovation[1] - This transition is driven by pressures from the real estate market, changes in industrial policy, and tax reforms aimed at optimizing consumption environments[1]

显微镜下的中国经济（2025 年第 20 期） 频率：每周 目前看，5 月供给形势可能仍较为稳定，需求方面出口和消费相对较好，房地 产投资继续拖累投资整体形势。 定期报告 相关报告 1、《央国企动态系列报告之 40 ——并购重组新规出台，央企 上市公司加速新兴产业布局和 "两非""两资"资产剥离》 2025-06-03 2、《美国国内政治加剧对外政 策动荡———国际时政周评》 2025-06-02 3、《PPI 或进一步下探——宏 观与大类资产周报》2025-06-02 张一平 S1090513080007 zhangyiping@cmschina.com.cn 张静静 S1090522050003 zhangjingjing@cmschina.com.cn 证券研究报告 | 宏观定期报告 2025 年 06 月 03 日 如何看待 5 月宏观经济形势 正文目录 | 1、开工率 | | --- | | 2、产能利用率…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ...

周二，美国财政部长贝森特在摩根大通的一场闭门活动中表示，中美双方的关税战将很快降级。 特朗普也在公开场合发表了讲话，承认美国目前对自中国进口商品的关税过高，预计税率将大幅 降低。这标志着特朗普在其标志性的关税政策上态度已出现缓和。 为什么中国坚决反制美国滥加关税，同时大力强调提振内需？中国经济持续发展的引擎是什么？ 以下内容摘自曹远征教授新作《失衡与重塑》。 01 为什么中美竞争不同于日美竞争？ 据统计，2020年后，中国社会消费品零售总额就与美国类似指标相当，中国已是仅次于美国的第 二大消费市场，并具有超越之势。 目前中国正处于高收入社会的门槛处，其中约４亿人口的家庭收入已基本赶上发达国家。他们的 消费行为、生活方式以及社会心理也与发达国家相若，青睐高新科技产品，希望获得更好的医疗 服务，追求高品质教育，关注时尚潮流，甚至期望引领风气。 这一消费群体虽然占人口的比重不高，但总数却与美国相当，他们的需求和行为在推动中国产业 升级的同时，当然也与美国等发达国家的高新技术产业产生了正面竞争，其中中国新能源汽车的 发展所引起的国际摩擦就是例证。 由于摩擦在性质上类似于20世纪90年代的日美摩擦，从而国际社会也想当然 ...