这两天，2025年的民营企业500强发布了。 这个榜单最早是从2009年开始，到现在已经有17年。 回头看看这些榜单，看到的不只是中国民营企业的成长、沉浮，更能看到经济运行的底层规律。 今天是周末，就简单聊其中一条。 在"2025中国民营企业500强"榜单上，排名第1的是：京东。 这可能出乎不少人的意料，为什么是京东，不是阿里、腾讯？在这个榜单上，阿里排名是第2，腾讯是第6。 | 序号 | 企业名称 | સ્ત્ર સિસ્ | 营收总额 (万元) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 京东集团 | 北京市 | 115881900 | | 2 | 阿里巴巴 (中国) 有限公司 | 浙江省 | 98176700 | | 3 | 恒力集团有限公司 | 江苏省 | 87152079 | | 4 | 华为投资控股有限公司 | 广东省 | 86207200 | | 5 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 广东省 | 77710246 | | 6 | 腾讯控股有限公司 | 广东省 | 66025700 | | 7 | 浙江荣盛控股集团有限公司 | 浙江省 | 65860189 | | 8 | 浙江吉 ...

Core Viewpoint - JD's Q2 revenue reached 356.7 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 22.4%, but net profit saw a significant decline, dropping 51% to 6.2 billion RMB [3][4][11] Revenue Performance - JD's Q2 revenue was 356.7 billion RMB, exceeding market expectations of 335.45 billion RMB [4] - The retail segment generated 310.1 billion RMB, growing 20.6% year-on-year, with an operating profit of 13.9 billion RMB and an operating margin of 4.5%, marking a historical high for the company [11][12] - New business revenue surged 198.8%, primarily driven by JD Food Delivery [3][13] Profitability Analysis - Net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders fell to 6.2 billion RMB from 12.6 billion RMB, a 51% decline [4] - Non-GAAP net profit decreased from 14.5 billion RMB to 7.4 billion RMB, a drop of 49% [4] - Overall operating loss was 900 million RMB, with an operating margin shifting from 3.6% to -0.2% year-on-year [4] New Business Segment - The new business segment, mainly JD Food Delivery, reported an operating loss that expanded from 700 million RMB to 14.8 billion RMB, resulting in an operating margin of -106.7% [3][13] - Daily order volume for JD Food Delivery exceeded 25 million, with over 1.5 million merchants and more than 150,000 full-time delivery riders [9][13] Marketing and Cash Flow - Marketing expenses surged 127.6% to 27 billion RMB, with the marketing expense ratio increasing from 4.1% to 7.6% [13] - Free cash flow dropped significantly from 49.6 billion RMB to 22 billion RMB, a decline of 55%, with a rolling 12-month free cash flow of only 10.1 billion RMB, down over 80% year-on-year [4][13]

京东在今年2月正式推出了外卖业务，并且在4月为了发展该业务推出了"百亿补贴"，二季度新业务营收出现了巨大变化。 2025年6月，京东物流在沙特阿拉伯启动配送业务，推出自营快递品牌"JoyExpress"。 新业务主要包括京东外卖、京东产发、京喜及海外业务。京东在今年2月正式推出了外卖业务，并且在4月为了发展该业务推出了"百亿补贴"，二季度新业务 营收出现了巨大变化。 新业务第二季度收入为138.5亿元，同比增长198.8%。但同时带来了144.1亿元的营业成本以及144.5亿元的经营费用，因此新业务在第二季度产生了147.8亿 元的经营损失，去年同期新业务的经营损失为6.95亿元。 京东的外卖业务在第二季度财报中存在感十足。 8月14日，京东发布了第二季度财报。财报显示，京东第二季度收入为3567亿元，同比增加22.4%。第二季度归属于本公司普通股股东的净利润为62亿元， 同比下滑50.8%。 京东2025年第二季度经营损失为9亿元，2024年第二季度经营利润为105亿元。京东表示这一变化主要是由于对新业务的战略投入增加导致。 分业务看，包括京东外卖在内的新业务在今年二季度的表现与往年相比有着巨大差异。 京东 ...

二季度，京东集团收入为3,567亿元人民币（约498亿美元），同比增长22.4%，远超市场预期，再次刷 新近三年来同比增速的纪录。 二季度，京东集团绝大多数品类实现加速增长，带电等核心品类优势愈发巩固。日百品类收入同比加速 增长了16.4%，其中商超品类连续6个季度保持收入同比双位数增长。服务收入同比加速增长了29.1%。 京东外卖带动新业务的收入同比大幅增长了199%。 二季度，得益于核心零售业务和外卖等新业务的发展势头，京东集团的季度活跃用户数和购物频次均实 现超过40%的同比增长，季度活跃用户数实现了连续7个季度的同比双位数增长。 "二季度，京东平台的用户流量、季度活跃用户数以及用户购买频次等均取得显著增长，这主要得益于 核心京东零售业务和外卖等新业务的持续发展势头，"京东集团首席执行官许冉女士表示。"本季度，京 东零售收入同比增长20.6%，表现强劲，经营利润率达到4.5%，创下公司历史上所有大促季度的最高纪 录。同期，京东外卖业务也取得健康发展，不仅在订单量增长、商家数量扩大、全职骑手招聘等方面稳 步推进，更重要的是与京东零售以及其他现有业务形成有效协同，成功达成我们的初期战略目标。展望 未来，随着 ...

Core Viewpoint - JD.com aims to innovate annually, focusing all business operations around the supply chain [2][11][18] Group 1: Innovation Strategy - JD.com has maintained a rhythm of innovating a new business model every three years, but will now introduce one innovation project each year, with six projects currently in progress, including stablecoins [2][19] - The company has recently entered the food delivery market, with a significant focus on leveraging its supply chain capabilities [3][25] - JD.com plans to launch a unique business model for its food delivery service that differs from competitors like Meituan, aiming to address food safety and provide high-quality, cost-effective food options [9][26] Group 2: Supply Chain Focus - All of JD.com's business operations are centered around the supply chain, with the company not engaging in activities unrelated to it [5][29] - The company has established over 1,600 logistics centers in mainland China, with a self-operated product range exceeding 10 million items, showcasing its strong supply chain capabilities [30] - JD.com maintains a low retail cost structure of around 10%, comparable to global leaders like Costco and Amazon, which supports its competitive advantage [30][31] Group 3: Organizational Changes - Liu Qiangdong has returned to a strategic role within JD.com, restructuring the organization to enhance decision-making and operational efficiency [2][16] - A strategic execution committee has been formed, including Liu and other senior executives, to oversee key business decisions [2][11] Group 4: Market Position and Competition - JD.com has rapidly scaled its food delivery service, achieving over 25 million daily orders and employing more than 120,000 full-time delivery personnel within a short period [7][24] - The company is positioned to compete aggressively in the food delivery market, offering substantial incentives to attract merchants and delivery personnel [6][25]

Core Insights - Liu Qiangdong emphasizes that JD.com will innovate annually, moving away from the previous model of introducing a new business model every three years [2][6] - The company has launched six innovation projects, including stablecoins, and aims to maintain a focus on supply chain-related innovations [5][9] Business Strategy - JD.com has entered the food delivery market, with over 25 million daily orders and more than 120,000 full-time delivery personnel within just over 100 days of operation [4][11] - The company plans to differentiate its food delivery model from competitors like Meituan, focusing on the underlying fresh supply chain rather than just food sales [4][12] Organizational Changes - Liu Qiangdong has restructured JD.com's organizational framework, establishing a strategic execution committee to oversee key decisions [2][9] - The company is adopting a flatter organizational structure, allowing for more autonomy at the operational level while maintaining strategic oversight from upper management [2] Supply Chain Focus - JD.com’s business model is heavily centered around supply chain efficiency, with over 1,600 logistics centers and a self-operated product range exceeding 10 million items [13][14] - The company maintains a low retail cost structure, comparable to industry leaders like Costco and Amazon, with a retail cost of only 10% [14] Future Plans - JD.com is set to officially announce its entry into the hotel and travel sector, leveraging its supply chain capabilities to address high costs and inefficiencies in the industry [5][9] - The company aims to enhance customer experience through better product offerings, pricing, and services, all rooted in its supply chain strategy [9][10]

Core Insights - JD.com is focusing on supply chain optimization as the core of all its business operations, including new ventures into food delivery and travel services [1][12][21] - The company aims to differentiate its food delivery service by leveraging its supply chain, with a new business model expected to address food safety issues [1][35] - JD.com has a long-term strategy of launching new business models every three years, with a history of successful expansions into logistics, finance, and healthcare [4][21] Business Expansion and Strategy - JD.com is set to officially announce its travel business, which is also centered around supply chain efficiency [3][38] - The company has introduced a "BIGBOSS plan" to streamline its organizational structure, reducing management layers to five [5][39] - JD.com has established over 1,600 logistics centers and aims to optimize inventory turnover days to between 20-25 days [23][31] Financial Performance and Projections - JD.com projects a net revenue of 1.1588 trillion yuan (approximately 164 billion USD) for 2024, with a net profit exceeding 40 billion yuan (approximately 5.6 billion USD) [4][27] - The company has committed to significant employee benefits, including full social insurance payments for its delivery personnel, with an average pre-tax salary exceeding 13,000 yuan (approximately 1,800 USD) [22][27] Innovation and Future Projects - JD.com is pursuing six innovative projects, including the application for global stablecoin licenses to reduce cross-border payment costs by 90% [6][36] - The company emphasizes continuous innovation while focusing on existing supply chain-related business models rather than diversifying into entirely new areas [7][36] Social Responsibility and Corporate Culture - JD.com has a strong commitment to social responsibility, having paid over 100 billion yuan (approximately 14 billion USD) in social insurance over 18 years [11][27] - The company promotes a flat organizational structure to empower frontline employees and ensure cultural and strategic continuity [9][40] Competitive Landscape - JD.com acknowledges competition in the food delivery sector, particularly with Meituan, but emphasizes its unique supply chain approach [10][35] - The company aims to enhance the quality and safety of food delivery services, setting it apart from competitors [1][35]

京东集团第一季度调整后每ADS收益 8.41元人民币，预估7.09元人民币；调整后运营利润率3.9％，上年同期3.4％，预估 3.54％；经调整EBITDA利润率4.6％，上年同期4.1％，预估4.07％； 周二，京东发布一季度财报，以下是具体财务表现： 营收：总收入达到人民币3011亿元，同比增长15.8%；净营收3010.8亿元人民币，同比增长16%，超出预估的2894.4亿元人民 币。 利润：经营利润为人民币105亿元（约合15亿美元），去年同期为77亿元；调整后EBITDA 137.0亿元人民币，同比增长 27%，超出预估126.4亿元人民币； 电商巨头京东发布了2025年第一季度的业绩报告，净营收、利润双双超预期，核心业务京东零售盈利能力增强，包括外卖业 务在内的新业务收入大幅增长18.1%，但同时亏损也有所扩大。 京东零售依然是业绩增长的引擎，收入同比增长 16.3%，增速进一步加快，不含未分配项目的经营利润率从去年同期的4.1% 提升到了4.9%。 | | | 截至以下日期止三個月 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 2024年 | 2025年 | 2025年 | ...