Group 1: Tire Maintenance - The article emphasizes the importance of regular tire checks, especially for issues like punctures, bulges, and uneven wear, which can be easily identified visually [1] - It highlights the need to adjust tire pressure to the manufacturer's recommended values, particularly in colder weather, to enhance safety and fuel efficiency [3] - The article suggests that summer tires may not perform well in low temperatures, recommending the use of all-season or winter tires in colder regions [5] Group 2: Vehicle Fluids and Components - The necessity of checking and adding various vehicle fluids, such as antifreeze and brake fluid, is discussed, particularly in colder climates to prevent freezing and ensure safety [6][8] - It mentions the importance of maintaining battery health, especially in winter, to avoid starting issues due to decreased discharge capacity [8] - The article advises checking the lifespan of car bulbs and ensuring proper lighting for safe driving, especially during adverse weather conditions [9] Group 3: Travel Preparation and Safety - The article provides insights into travel patterns during the National Day holiday, predicting a significant increase in self-driving trips, with an estimated 1.87 billion trips expected [13] - It warns of peak travel times and suggests planning routes in advance to avoid congestion, particularly in major urban areas [15] - Recommendations for safe driving practices during the holiday include obeying traffic laws, maintaining a calm demeanor, and ensuring adequate supplies in the vehicle [16][18]

Core Viewpoint - Longpan Technology has shown significant stock performance with a year-to-date increase of 64.58%, indicating strong market interest and potential growth in the automotive chemical and lithium iron phosphate material sectors [1][2]. Company Overview - Longpan Technology, established on March 11, 2003, and listed on April 10, 2017, is based in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The company primarily engages in the sales of automotive fine chemicals and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials [2]. - The company's revenue composition includes 65.14% from LFP cathode materials, 26.40% from automotive fine chemicals, 7.81% from lithium carbonate and raw material processing, and 0.66% from other businesses [2]. Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, Longpan Technology reported a revenue of 3.622 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 1.49%. However, the net profit attributable to shareholders was a loss of 85.1534 million yuan, despite a significant year-on-year improvement of 61.45% [3]. - The company has distributed a total of 256 million yuan in dividends since its A-share listing, with no dividends paid in the last three years [4]. Shareholder Information - As of June 30, 2025, Longpan Technology had 101,300 shareholders, an increase of 57.93% from the previous period. The average number of circulating shares per shareholder decreased by 36.68% to 5,577 shares [3]. - Among the top ten circulating shareholders, Hong Kong Central Clearing Limited held 3.6338 million shares, a decrease of 821,900 shares compared to the previous period [4].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight" [6] Core Viewpoints - The upgrade of AI computing power drives innovation in cooling technology, with liquid cooling expected to significantly reduce energy consumption in data centers by 20%-30% and lower PUE to below 1.2 [1][25] - The market for various cooling media is expanding, with cold plate liquid cooling being the current mainstream solution, accounting for over 95% of the market share in China [2] - The penetration of liquid cooling technology is anticipated to increase due to the rising power consumption of chips and the need for efficient cooling solutions [3] Summary by Sections Section 1: Computing Power and Cooling Technology - The continuous increase in chip power consumption drives innovation in cooling technologies, with CPU power design reaching 350-500W and GPU exceeding 800W [1][17] - The total number of data center racks in China is projected to reach 8.1 million by the end of 2023, with data centers consuming about 3% of the total electricity in society [14][17] Section 2: Cooling Media Market - The liquid cooling market is expected to grow significantly, with the Chinese liquid cooling server market projected to reach $1.26 billion in the first half of 2024 [2] - Single-phase cold plate liquid cooling can reduce PUE to 1.20-1.25, showing clear advantages over air cooling [2] Section 3: Liquid Cooling Technologies - Immersion liquid cooling shows potential but has varying opinions on its effectiveness, with silicone oil being favored for its cost-effectiveness and compatibility [3] - The introduction of PFAS regulations may lead to innovations in liquid cooling media, with alternatives like HFO and CO2 being considered [3] Section 4: Investment Recommendations - Companies to watch include Juhua Co., Ltd., Sinochem International, Dongyangguang, and others involved in the production of cooling media [4]

Core Viewpoint - BP's subsidiary Castrol is betting on the Chinese liquid cooling server market by launching an end-to-end liquid cooling solution aimed at enhancing the efficiency of data centers in China [1][4]. Group 1: Market Trends - The data center industry is facing significant energy consumption challenges, particularly with the rise of AI applications, leading to increased power demands from high-end GPU/AI chips, which have surged from approximately 500-700W to levels of 1000W and even 2000W [1][3]. - The power density of server cabinets has exceeded 50kW, with leading AI cabinets commonly reaching over 100kW, making liquid cooling the only viable solution for effective heat management beyond this threshold [1][3]. - The Chinese data center market is rapidly transitioning to liquid cooling, with IDC forecasting a market size of $2.37 billion in 2024, representing a 67% increase from 2023 [7]. Group 2: Technical Insights - Liquid cooling technology is seen as a major upgrade for data centers, addressing the need for improved energy efficiency and lower operational energy consumption, with PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) being a critical metric [5][6]. - The cooling liquid is a unique medium that interacts with all components of the data center infrastructure, necessitating in-depth research and understanding of its properties, including material compatibility and lifecycle changes [4][6]. - Castrol emphasizes an end-to-end solution that integrates the entire system, addressing the complexities of liquid cooling deployment, operation, and retirement while ensuring compatibility with existing equipment [4][6]. Group 3: Financial Considerations - The cost structure of liquid cooling can be divided into CAPEX (capital expenditures) and OPEX (operational expenditures), with CAPEX covering design, hardware, and deployment, while OPEX benefits from reduced energy and maintenance costs due to improved efficiency [6]. - The company is investing heavily in compatibility testing for various chip and server types to ensure confidence among clients and facilitate the adoption of liquid cooling solutions [6]. Group 4: Strategic Importance of China - China is identified as a key strategic market for Castrol due to its competitive supply chain and partnerships with local firms like Inspur and Yixin Technology [7]. - The liquid cooling server market in China is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.8% from 2024 to 2029, with the market size expected to reach $16.2 billion by 2029 [7].

2025年09月25日 证券研究报告| 国信化工·数据中心及AI服务器液冷冷却液 行业分析框架 行业研究 · 行业专题 基础化工·氟化工 投资评级：优于大市（维持） 证券分析师：杨林 证券分析师：张歆钰 010-88005379 021-60375408 yanglin6@guosen.com.cn zhangxinyu4@guosen.com.cn S0980520120002 S0980524080004 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 核心观点 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 Ø 随着数算中心规模、功率不断提升，高效冷却技术快速发展，液冷主要解决高能耗、高发热难题。据《智算中心液冷产业全景研究报告》， 2024年我国算力中心总耗电量达1660亿kWh，占全社会总用电量的1.68%。2020年国家工信部公布《全国数据中心应用发展指引（2020）》， 全国在用超大型数据中心平均PUE达1.46，大型数据中心平均PUE为1.55；2023年4月，财政部、生态环境部、工信部联合印发《绿色数据中心 政府采购需求标准（试行）》中提出，2023年6月起，数据中心电能比不高于1.4,2025 ...

智通财经APP获悉，国信证券发布研报称，数算中心机架功率持续提升，液冷方案可解决数算中心高能 耗、高散热难题。当前液冷板块处于发展早期，各类液冷方案各具优劣势，行业尚未形成统一既定的最 优液冷方案，需密切关注下游服务商选择的液冷方案路径与对应冷却液产品。根据SemiAnalysis预测， 2028年全球新增AI数据中心装机量将达59GW，预期或将催生出约8.9万吨冷却液需求;传统服务器新增 装机量或将带来1.9万吨冷却液需求。 国信证券主要观点如下： 随着数算中心规模、功率不断提升，高效冷却技术快速发展，液冷主要解决高能耗、高发热难题 液冷具有换热效率高、节能、减少噪音等多重优势，按照冷却液与服务器接触方式不同，可分为间接冷 却与直接冷却，间接冷却一般为冷板式，直接冷却包括浸没式和喷淋式。其中冷板式与浸没式按照冷却 液介质是否发生相变又可分为单相与双相。冷板式液冷技术方案相对成熟，不需要对数据中心机房进行 大规模改造，但解热能力上限仍不如浸没式液冷;浸没式液冷冷却液介质需直接与设备接触，专用机柜 对于管路要求高，维护复杂，冷却液介质如氟化液售价高昂且使用量较大，整体运维成本较高，但浸没 式液冷解热能力更高且噪 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the industry [1] Core Insights - The rapid growth of data centers and the increasing power demands necessitate efficient cooling technologies, with liquid cooling addressing high energy consumption and heat generation issues. By 2024, China's computing centers are expected to consume 166 billion kWh, accounting for 1.68% of the total electricity consumption [2][2] - The main liquid cooling technologies include cold plate and immersion cooling, with cold plate cooling being the most widely used due to its mature technology. Liquid cooling offers multiple advantages such as high heat transfer efficiency, energy savings, and reduced noise [2][2] - The market for cooling liquids is projected to grow significantly, with an estimated demand of approximately 89,000 tons for AI data centers by 2028, alongside 19,000 tons from traditional server installations [2][2] Summary by Sections 1. Main Cooling Paths - Liquid cooling technology is categorized into indirect cooling (mainly cold plate) and direct cooling (including immersion and spray cooling). Cold plate cooling is the most prevalent, while immersion cooling offers higher heat dissipation capabilities but comes with higher operational costs [2][2][2] 2. Water-Based Cooling Liquids - Water-based cooling liquids are primarily used in single-phase cold plate cooling, offering good thermal conductivity and low cost. However, they may pose risks of microbial growth [50][50] 3. Oil-Based Cooling Liquids - Oil-based cooling liquids, including mineral oil and synthetic oil, are mainly applied in single-phase immersion cooling. They are cost-effective and environmentally friendly but have lower thermal conductivity compared to synthetic alternatives [56][56] 4. Market Space Estimation - The liquid cooling market in China is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 51.4% from 2019 to 2027 [17][17] 5. Commercialization of Liquid Cooling Technology - The commercialization of liquid cooling technology is increasing, with major IT companies like Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent implementing successful liquid cooling applications [27][27]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the industry [1] Core Insights - The rapid growth of data centers and the increasing power demands necessitate efficient cooling technologies, with liquid cooling addressing high energy consumption and heat generation issues. By 2024, China's computing centers are expected to consume 166 billion kWh, accounting for 1.68% of the total electricity consumption [2][2] - The main liquid cooling technologies are cold plate and immersion cooling, with cold plate cooling being the most widely used due to its mature technology. Liquid cooling offers multiple advantages, including high heat exchange efficiency, energy savings, and reduced noise [2][2] - The market for cooling liquids is projected to grow significantly, with an estimated demand of approximately 89,000 tons for AI data centers by 2028 and an additional 19,000 tons from traditional server installations [2][2] Summary by Sections 1. Main Cooling Pathways - Liquid cooling technology is categorized into indirect cooling (mainly cold plate) and direct cooling (including immersion and spray cooling). Cold plate cooling is the most common, while immersion cooling offers higher heat dissipation capabilities but at a higher operational cost [2][2][2] 2. Water-Based Cooling Liquids - Water-based cooling liquids are primarily used in single-phase cold plate cooling, offering good thermal conductivity and low cost. However, they may pose risks of algae and bacteria growth [48][50] 3. Oil-Based Cooling Liquids - Oil-based cooling liquids, including mineral oil and synthetic oil, are mainly used in single-phase immersion cooling. They are cost-effective and environmentally friendly but have lower thermal conductivity compared to other options [53][56] 4. Market Space Estimation - The liquid cooling market in China is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 51.4% from 2019 to 2027 [17][17] 5. Commercialization of Liquid Cooling Technology - The commercialization of liquid cooling technology is increasing, with major IT companies like Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent implementing successful liquid cooling applications [27][27]

格隆汇9月24日丨统一股份(600506.SH)在投资者互动平台表示，公司生产的冷却液有应用于微通道水冷 板（MLCP）技术。 ...

Group 1 - The company emphasizes the importance of research and innovation in cooling liquid technology and has developed multiple technical routes for cooling liquid products [2] - The company has a strong technical foundation and quality management system in the fluorinated liquid field, participating in the formulation of several standards and specifications in the liquid cooling sector [2] - The company is actively promoting certification processes with major domestic and international manufacturers and is also working on new types of cooling liquids [2] Group 2 - The company is optimistic about the market potential for data liquid cooling and plans to increase R&D investment to enhance product competitiveness, production capacity, and customer service levels [2] - The company aims to improve its market position and influence in the liquid cooling field while ensuring compliance with relevant disclosure regulations and enhancing communication with the market [2]