今天分享的是：2025年亚洲资本市场报告 报告共计：167页 亚洲资本市场2025全景：增长与挑战并存的新格局 近年来，亚洲资本市场已成为全球经济增长的重要引擎。据OECD《2025年亚洲资本市场报告》显示，亚洲贡献了全球近三分之 一的GDP，上市公司数量占全球55%，市值占比27%，在全球金融版图中的分量持续提升。不过，这片充满活力的市场也面临发 展不均衡、融资结构单一等挑战，正在创新与规范中寻找平衡。 一、资本市场规模扩容，但"银行依赖症"仍存 过去20年，亚洲资本市场经历了跨越式增长。上市公司数量从2000年的约1.4万家增至2024年的近2.9万家，翻了一倍多，而同期 欧美上市公司数量却在减少。市值方面，亚洲增长了25万亿美元，中国、日本、韩国成为核心力量，其中中国市值达13万亿美 元，稳居全球第二。 但深层问题不容忽视：多数亚洲经济体仍高度依赖银行贷款。数据显示，企业债务中债券等市场融资仅占14%，银行贷款占比 高达86%。柬埔寨、越南等国的企业几乎完全依赖银行，而中小企业更难获得融资——70%的中小微企业面临资金缺口，制约了 创新与扩张。 这种"银行依赖"在经济波动时风险凸显。相比之下，日本、韩国 ...

Core Insights - The sustainable bond market has seen significant growth over the past decade, raising over $5.5 trillion for projects aimed at addressing environmental challenges and social inequalities [1][2] - LSEG has played a pivotal role in this market, launching the first dedicated green bond segment in 2015 and evolving it into the Sustainable Bond Market (SBM) [1][8] Market Growth and Impact - Over 170 issuers have launched 720 bonds in the LSEG sustainable bond market, raising nearly $422 billion, which supports various environmental and social projects [2] - Funding from these bonds has primarily supported energy efficiency, natural resources, and sustainable land use projects, accounting for about 25% of total funds raised [2] Market Development - The SBM has expanded from a single segment to a comprehensive market, introducing categories for sustainable development, social bonds, and issuer-level bonds [8] - The market has also introduced transition bonds to support issuers in climate-related activities [8] Value Creation for Issuers and Investors - The SBM provides issuers access to a global investor base, often resulting in oversubscription for bond offerings, enhancing visibility and credibility [9] - Investors benefit from a diverse range of debt asset classes and strict sustainability standards, which enhance confidence in their investments [9] Emerging Trends - The market is evolving to support various financing needs, including climate adaptation projects and blue bonds aimed at ocean protection [18] - New financial instruments like debt-for-nature swaps are gaining traction, allowing emerging market sovereigns to refinance debt at lower rates to fund conservation efforts [18] Future Outlook - LSEG is committed to driving innovation in the sustainable bond market, anticipating continued growth and the emergence of new financing opportunities [14][15]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In May, the issuance scale of urban investment bonds was halved, and the net financing continued to be negative. The issuance of innovative varieties such as science - and - technology bonds increased. The reform of economic development zones encourages park urban investment companies to list for financing [6][9][17]. - The yield of urban investment bonds may be more likely to decline. The safety cushion of urban investment bonds is still sufficient, and the credit spread still has room to compress. Investment strategies include allocating high - quality enterprises in strong regions, paying attention to urban investment companies in key provinces with debt resolution benefits, and weak - qualified urban investment companies in strong regions. Also, focus on new bond - issuing entities in the industrial transformation and integration of urban investment [6][7][45]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 5 - month Urban Investment Bond Market Operation Characteristics - **Financing and issuance scale**: Affected by tightened financing policies and seasonal factors, the issuance scale of urban investment bonds decreased by 52.44% month - on - month to 26.3616 billion yuan, and the net financing was - 7.127 billion yuan, remaining negative for three consecutive months. The issuance scale from January to May was 2.3 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 13.22%. 21 provinces had net outflows, and the net outflow scale of key provinces and large economic provinces decreased month - on - month [9][11]. - **Review and approval**: The review and approval pass rate of urban investment bonds on the exchange decreased by 7.45 percentage points to 88.01% month - on - month, with 7 bonds terminated for review, mainly issued by AA - level and below entities. The registration pass rate of the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors increased by 5.97 percentage points to 11% month - on - month [10][11]. - **Innovative varieties**: The issuance of science - and - technology bonds accelerated. In May, 14 labeled urban investment bonds were issued, with a total scale of 1.2 billion yuan. Among them, 9 science - and - technology bonds had a scale of 870 million yuan. Labeled urban investment bonds had a certain cost advantage [17]. - **Issuance term and borrowing - to - repay ratio**: The weighted average issuance term was 4.18 years, an increase of 0.18 years month - on - month. The borrowing - to - repay ratio was 93.24%, and 14 provinces reached 100%. Only Chongqing among the 8 key provinces issued new - type urban investment bonds [20]. - **Issuance interest rate and spread**: The weighted average issuance interest rate was 2.30%, a decrease of 0.13 percentage points month - on - month, and the spread was 77.49BP, a narrowing of 14.44BP month - on - month. The issuance cost in key provinces was higher and the decline was smaller [23]. - **Overseas bonds**: The issuance scale of overseas urban investment bonds decreased by 70.33% month - on - month to 1.2218 billion yuan, and the weighted average issuance interest rate increased by 0.31BP to 5.88% [29]. - **Yield and credit spread**: The spot trading scale of urban investment bonds decreased year - on - year and month - on - month. The yield of urban investment bonds decreased overall, and the credit spreads of most key provinces narrowed [32]. 3.2 Credit Analysis - **Rating adjustment**: On May 19, 2025, Shanghai Brilliance Credit Rating & Investors Service Co., Ltd. upgraded the bond ratings of "G23 Nanhu 1" and "23 Nanhu Green Bond 01" of Jiaxing Nanhu Urban Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. from AA+ to AAA, with a stable outlook [7]. - **Abnormal transactions**: 46 bonds of 39 urban investment entities had 70 abnormal transactions, with a scale of 252 million yuan. The scale and number of abnormal transactions decreased month - on - month [7]. 3.3 Early Redemption and Maturity Putback - In May, 62 urban investment companies early - redeemed the principal and interest of 73 bonds, with a scale of 1.3396 billion yuan, a month - on - month decrease of 46.34%. The maturity and putback scale of urban investment bonds in the second half of the year is 2.8 trillion yuan [7]. 3.4 Investment Strategy - Allocate high - quality enterprises in strong regions based on fundamentals and moderately extend the duration. For medium - and short - term duration allocation, focus on strong urban investment companies in key provinces with debt resolution benefits and weak - qualified urban investment companies in strong regions. Also, pay attention to new bond - issuing entities in the industrial transformation and integration of urban investment, especially those with labeled bonds such as science - and - technology and green bonds [6][45]. 3.5 Recent Policies and Hot Events - **Central policies**: In May, the central government introduced policies beneficial to the transformation and development of urban investment enterprises, including supporting the issuance of science - and - technology bonds, promoting urban renewal, reforming national economic development zones, and improving the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics [6][48]. - **Local policies**: Jilin proposed to accelerate the "withdrawal from the province", Xinjiang set a goal to clear financing platforms in 2025, Jiangsu supervised the replacement of implicit debts with special bonds, and Zhejiang issued special bonds for purchasing existing commercial housing [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the challenges and inconsistencies in ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) information disclosure among banks, emphasizing the need for improved data quality, standardization, and a shift from formal reporting to substantive management practices [1][2][9]. Group 1: ESG Disclosure Challenges - Different ESG disclosure frameworks lead to fragmented and less comparable information among banks, with data quality issues, particularly in carbon emissions, relying heavily on self-reported data from corporate clients [1][2]. - The lack of unified standards and comparability in disclosure metrics remains a significant issue, with many banks showing improvement in their 2024 ESG reports but still needing enhancements [3][4]. - The absence of consistent reporting on Scope 3 emissions, which includes indirect emissions from the value chain, is prevalent, with several banks not disclosing this data at all [4][5]. Group 2: Data Collection and Management Issues - The collection of ESG data is complicated by the involvement of multiple business systems, and smaller banks face challenges due to insufficient technology investments [2][7]. - There is a high cost of cross-departmental coordination for ESG management, and the traditional risk management systems of banks do not effectively integrate with ESG practices [2][8]. - The scarcity of professional talent with expertise in both finance and ESG is a barrier to effective data collection and analysis, as understanding ESG requires knowledge across various disciplines [8][10]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Banks are encouraged to enhance their ESG information disclosure by establishing standardized data collection and processing systems, aligning with both international and domestic ESG standards [10][11]. - It is essential for banks to integrate ESG goals into their business strategies and performance evaluation systems, fostering a culture of participation and collaboration across all levels [10][11]. - Utilizing advanced technologies such as big data and AI can improve the collection, monitoring, and risk assessment of ESG information, while also focusing on building a skilled workforce in this area [11].

Group 1: Overview of Sustainable Finance - Sustainable finance integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals into financial activities to support the transition to a sustainable economic growth model [7][8][10] - The global sustainable bond and loan market has experienced three phases: initial development, rapid expansion, and adjustment, with green bonds being the primary driver [13][14] - Europe dominates the global sustainable bond market, while the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, is emerging as a significant growth area [14][15] Group 2: China's Sustainable Finance Market - China plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable finance, especially after the announcement of its "dual carbon" goals, accelerating the green transformation of its economy [8][10] - The annual growth rate of green loans in China from 2018 to 2023 reached 26.62%, with new green bond issuances in 2022 and 2023 totaling 0.98 trillion and 1.08 trillion RMB, respectively [15][16] - The development of ESG asset management products in China is rapidly advancing, particularly in public funds and bank wealth management products [21][22] Group 3: Challenges and Opportunities in Low-Carbon Development - Achieving climate goals requires a significant increase in climate investment, but current capital markets lack sufficient incentive mechanisms [10][16] - Financial institutions and companies face challenges in the decarbonization process, including rising costs, policy risks, and technological risks [9][10] - Many global companies have set net-zero emissions targets, with 68% of carbon-intensive industry firms committing to such goals [17][18] Group 4: ESG Reporting and Regulation in China - As of May 2024, 2,124 listed companies in China have published ESG sustainability reports, accounting for approximately 39.8% of A-share companies [21][22] - The ESG report publication rate is highest among financial, public utility, and energy sectors, while sectors like ICT and consumer goods lag behind [21][22] - The regulatory environment for ESG in China is becoming more standardized, with increasing requirements for corporate ESG disclosures [21][22]