Group 1: Summer Grain Harvest and Planting Progress - The national summer grain harvest has surpassed 90%, with winter wheat harvesting nearly complete [1] - Summer sowing progress is nearing 80%, with provinces like Henan, Sichuan, and Shaanxi having completed their summer sowing [1] - In Jiangsu, 45,000 acres of medium rice are being planted using mechanized transplanting with Beidou navigation systems for efficiency [1] Group 2: Summer Crop Management and Technology - The Huanghuaihai region is advancing summer sowing and management, with Shandong planning to sow over 54 million acres of summer corn [4] - In Xinjiang, 900,000 acres of summer corn are planned, utilizing no-till planting technology to enhance soil fertility and increase yields [6] - Overall, the growth of spring-sown crops like corn, rice, and soybeans is normal, with summer crops emerging successfully [8] Group 3: Pepper Harvesting in Chongqing - In Chongqing's Jiangjin District, 530,000 acres of green pepper are entering the harvesting phase, utilizing drones for transportation and centralized processing [9] - To ensure quality, local agricultural cooperatives are establishing processing centers to provide comprehensive services for harvesting and processing [11] - The planting area for green pepper this year is 530,000 acres, with an expected yield of 340,000 tons and a total industry output value of 5.8 billion yuan [13]

Core Insights - The "Grain in Ear" solar term will begin on June 5, marking a busy agricultural season for summer harvesting, planting, and management [1] - The summer planting phase is crucial as it connects summer harvests with autumn harvests, with different regions having unique crop layouts based on climate and soil conditions [5] Regional Agricultural Practices - In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, farmers engage in intercropping or crop rotation with corn and soybeans after wheat harvest, and peanut cultivation is widespread for quality oil production [5] - The Yangtze River middle and lower reaches have a two-crop system for rice, with early rice harvested in mid to late July followed by the planting of late rice [6] - Southern China enjoys a warm climate year-round, allowing for diverse summer crops, including continuous rice growth and a variety of summer vegetables and fruits [7] - The Northwest region, characterized by ample sunlight but scarce rainfall, focuses on drought-resistant crops like millet and sorghum, with cotton in Xinjiang entering its growth peak during summer [8] - The Northeast region has a short warm season with limited frost-free days, typically supporting a one-crop system, although some areas can achieve limited double cropping through intercropping methods [9] Agricultural Wisdom - The saying "If not planted during Grain in Ear, it will be useless to plant later" emphasizes the importance of this period for planting cereal crops, suggesting that timely planting leads to abundant harvests [10]

Weather Conditions During Summer Harvest and Planting - The overall weather conditions during this year's summer harvest and planting period are expected to be favorable, facilitating agricultural activities [3] - From late May, most summer grain-producing areas will experience mainly sunny or partly cloudy weather, with a low risk of continuous rain, which is beneficial for the maturity and harvesting of winter wheat and rapeseed [4] Potential Weather Risks - There will be a significant rainfall event in regions such as Jianghan, Jianghuai, and northern Jiangnan from May 27 to 28, which may adversely affect the harvesting of rapeseed and winter wheat [5] - The first half of June may see temperatures close to or slightly above the historical average, which is generally favorable for wheat harvesting, but localized severe convective weather may occur, necessitating precautions [5] - The risk of continuous rain and heavy precipitation during the wheat harvesting period is high in certain areas, while increased rainfall later will benefit summer planting efforts [5] Impact of Adverse Weather - Continuous rainy weather can lead to difficulties in harvesting, causing wheat to fall and spoil, and affecting the drying of harvested grains, resulting in yield losses [9][13] - "Rotting rain" typically occurs from late May to mid-June, caused by the convergence of cold air from the north and warm moist air from the south, leading to widespread and slow-moving rain systems [11][12] Recommendations for Farmers - Farmers are advised to optimize machinery scheduling to take advantage of good weather for harvesting, and to manage soil moisture effectively to prevent waterlogging [15] - For harvested wheat, proper drying and ventilation are crucial to prevent spoilage, and timely planting of summer crops like corn and soybeans should be prioritized based on weather conditions [15] High-Temperature and Drought Challenges - High temperatures and drought conditions are prevalent during this period, particularly affecting regions like Huanghuaihai, North China, Jianghuai, and parts of the Southwest [28] - Young seedlings are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures, which can lead to issues such as "burning" and "yellowing," potentially impacting growth and yield [30] Mitigation Strategies for High Temperatures - Farmers should implement timely irrigation and nutrient management to mitigate the effects of high temperatures, ensuring adequate moisture and nutrient supply to crops [32][33] - Installation of cooling systems in greenhouses and using shading techniques can help protect crops from extreme heat [33] Emergency Preparedness for Weather Extremes - The Ministry of Agriculture emphasizes the importance of monitoring for drought, dry hot winds, and continuous rain, and encourages timely warnings and resource preparations to address potential disasters [42]

Core Viewpoint - The summer grain harvest, known as "San Xia," is underway in China, with significant implications for food supply and agricultural management [1][3]. Group 1: Summer Grain Harvest - The summer grain harvest, which includes winter wheat and winter rapeseed, is crucial for food security, as winter wheat is a key staple and rapeseed oil accounts for 40% of domestic edible oil production [1][3]. - The Yangtze River basin is the primary area for winter rapeseed, contributing approximately 85% of the national area and production [1]. Group 2: Regional Harvest Progress - The southwestern wheat region is the first to begin harvesting, followed by the Yangtze River middle and lower reaches, Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the northwest wheat region [3]. - The Huang-Huai-Hai region, which includes Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Anhui, accounts for over 70% of the national wheat area and nearly 80% of the production [3]. Group 3: Agricultural Management - As the summer harvest and planting occur, ongoing field management is essential for maximizing grain yield, emphasizing the importance of agricultural practices [5].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the ongoing wheat harvest in various regions of China, with an estimated summer grain purchase volume of around 200 billion jin, including 170 billion jin of winter wheat [1] - The southwestern wheat area, particularly Sichuan, has completed 70% of its wheat harvest and is preparing for rice planting by leveling and irrigating the land [1] - The mechanization of wheat harvesting is shifting focus to the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region, which is the largest in terms of area and production in China [1][16] Group 2 - In Hebei province, the wheat is currently in the critical filling stage, where proper management is essential for yield formation [4][7] - Advanced irrigation techniques, such as smart weather monitoring and drip irrigation, are being utilized to optimize water usage and improve crop yield [6][9] - The expected yield for wheat in Hebei is projected to exceed 1,400 jin per mu due to precise management practices [11] Group 3 - The "Three Summers" period, which includes summer harvest, summer planting, and summer management, is crucial for grain production in China, particularly for winter wheat and oilseed rape [12][14] - The Huang-Huai-Hai region is expected to see large-scale mechanized harvesting of winter wheat in the coming weeks, with a total of 340 million mu of wheat to be harvested nationwide [16] - Effective field management during the summer is emphasized, as it plays a significant role in determining grain yield [16]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the commencement of the summer harvest and planting season in China, marked by the release of the first national meteorological service report for summer harvest and planting in 2025 by the Central Meteorological Station on May 20 [1] - The summer harvest primarily involves the collection of winter wheat and rapeseed, while summer planting includes the sowing of summer corn, summer soybeans, and transplanting of rice [3] - The meteorological report predicts favorable weather conditions for the majority of summer grain-producing areas, with a low risk of continuous rain, which is beneficial for the maturation and harvesting of winter wheat and rapeseed [3][5] Group 2 - The report indicates that from June to mid-June, temperatures will be close to or slightly above the normal levels, with precipitation in North China and the Huang-Huai region being near normal, which is conducive to the smooth progress of wheat harvesting [5] - However, localized severe weather such as heavy rainfall and strong winds may impact the harvesting process [5] - The China Meteorological Administration is utilizing satellite remote sensing and radar monitoring to provide technological support for summer agricultural production, including monitoring crop growth and soil moisture [5][7] Group 3 - The article discusses the phenomenon of "dry hot wind," which poses a risk to winter wheat in northern regions, particularly during the critical growth period of flowering to grain filling [9] - "Dry hot wind" is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity, leading to increased transpiration and potential yield loss in wheat crops [9] - Historical data indicates a decreasing trend in the intensity of "dry hot wind," but recent climate warming has led to higher temperatures during the grain filling period, increasing the risk of this weather phenomenon [9]