近年来，我们在河北曲周的中低产盐碱地上，开展了"绿色吨半粮"创建工程。具体来说，就是在不增加 甚至降低资源环境代价的前提下，使一亩农田一年种植粮食作物的产量提高到1.5吨以上。 2000年初到曲周时，当地粮食周年亩产徘徊在700公斤左右。当地农民长期采用"大水、大肥、浅旋"的 耕作方式，造成土壤盐碱化和板结，粮食增产难。 面对这种情况，我们从土壤—作物系统本身找答案。团队长期扎根田野一线，记录土壤养分供给和植物 养分吸收情况。为实现技术精准落地与光温资源高效利用，我们瞄准"苗齐、苗壮、苗匀"的目标，围 绕"土、肥、水、种、管"开展综合技术革新。 提升农业综合生产能力和质量效益。 ——摘自"十五五"规划建议 粮食安全是"国之大者"。如何在有限的耕地上实现粮食产量产能持续提升，进而实现资源高效利用与生 态环境保护双赢？这是我国推动农业现代化必须要面对的课题，也是我们科研团队长期以来攻坚的方 向。 经过持续试验与集成优化，我们逐步形成了"冬小麦—夏玉米周年'四密一稀'浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿 色生产技术"，并将种植模式、灌溉施肥与植保管理融为一体。该技术既大幅减少了灌溉用水，又实现 了养分的均衡供应，为提升产量和恢复 ...

Core Viewpoint - The weather patterns in Henan province this year show a significant contrast between a dry and hot main flood season and a rainy September, impacting the agricultural schedule for the "Three Autumns" period [1] Weather Trends - The main flood season from June to August experienced a 20% decrease in average rainfall compared to the historical average, with the highest average temperature recorded since 1961 [1] - In September, there have been five significant rainfall events, with average precipitation breaking records since 1961 [1] Regional Rainfall Distribution - During the "Three Autumns" period, northern Henan (including Anyang, Hebi, and Puyang) is expected to see rainfall 20% to 50% above the historical average, while areas like Zhumadian and Xinyang may experience a 20% decrease [1] - The temperature in southeastern Henan is projected to be 1°C to 1.5°C higher than normal, with other regions being 0°C to 1°C above average [1] Key Rainfall Events - Rainfall is expected from September 22 to 23, with moderate to heavy rain in northern areas, followed by a clear period from September 24 to 25, and more rain from September 26 to 28 [1] Crop Maturity and Harvesting - The maturity period for summer corn is from September 15 to October 10, with specific dates varying by region [1] - The optimal harvesting period for peanuts is from September 22 to October 13, with recommendations for timely harvesting and drying [1] Wheat Planting Schedule - The suitable planting period for winter wheat is slightly delayed compared to historical norms, with specific dates for different regions outlined [1] - Areas with excessive rainfall need to prepare the soil in advance to avoid wet conditions during planting [1]

Weather Impact on Agriculture - The province is expected to experience strong convective weather, including heavy rainfall and high temperatures, which poses risks to summer crops like corn and soybeans, as well as kiwifruit [1] - High temperatures combined with drought conditions may adversely affect corn pollination, leading to poor grain development, while kiwifruit may suffer from sunburn and wilting leaves [1] - Recommendations include early drainage preparations in low-lying farmland, timely irrigation in high-temperature areas, and enhanced moisture management in kiwifruit orchards [1] Infrastructure and Power Load Concerns - The cumulative rainfall in northern Shaanxi, combined with expected heavy rainfall, increases the risk of secondary disasters such as flash floods and landslides along highways and railways [2] - Authorities are advised to strengthen inspections of critical road segments and implement traffic controls if necessary [2] - Power load in the Guanzhong region is projected to be 15% to 40% higher than the same period in previous years, necessitating careful management of electricity and water supply [2]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming week will see increased rainfall in northern and southern Xinjiang, which may negatively impact agricultural production due to severe weather conditions such as hail and short-term heavy rainfall [1][2]. Agricultural Crop Development - Spring wheat in the cold regions is currently in the grain-filling stage, while most spring wheat in the plains has been harvested. Spring corn across most of Xinjiang is in the grain-filling and milky stages. Summer corn in southern Xinjiang is at the jointing stage, and cotton is in the flowering and boll stage, with some sites experiencing boll splitting. Grapes in Turpan are at the harvesting stage, while other specialty fruits like jujubes and pears are in the fruit swelling stage [1]. Precipitation Weather Process and Impact Forecast - From July 30 to August 2, areas such as the Ili River Valley, southern regions of Bortala and Tacheng, and several mountainous areas are expected to experience heavy rainfall, with cumulative precipitation of 40 to 70 millimeters. From August 3 to 5, additional heavy rainfall is anticipated in the Ili River Valley and northern Tacheng, with cumulative precipitation of 30 to 50 millimeters. These weather events may alleviate the impact of previous high temperatures on crops but could also pose risks due to severe weather conditions [2]. Agricultural Production Recommendations - For mature spring wheat in northern Xinjiang, it is advised to avoid exposure to adverse weather conditions. Farmers in the Ili River Valley, Bortala, and northern Tacheng should prepare for severe weather events to mitigate impacts on grain, cotton, and fruit production [3]. - Pastoral areas should closely monitor weather information and adjust livestock management activities accordingly to prevent risks from local flash floods and geological disasters [4].

Group 1: Summer Grain Harvest and Planting Progress - The national summer grain harvest has surpassed 90%, with winter wheat harvesting nearly complete [1] - Summer sowing progress is nearing 80%, with provinces like Henan, Sichuan, and Shaanxi having completed their summer sowing [1] - In Jiangsu, 45,000 acres of medium rice are being planted using mechanized transplanting with Beidou navigation systems for efficiency [1] Group 2: Summer Crop Management and Technology - The Huanghuaihai region is advancing summer sowing and management, with Shandong planning to sow over 54 million acres of summer corn [4] - In Xinjiang, 900,000 acres of summer corn are planned, utilizing no-till planting technology to enhance soil fertility and increase yields [6] - Overall, the growth of spring-sown crops like corn, rice, and soybeans is normal, with summer crops emerging successfully [8] Group 3: Pepper Harvesting in Chongqing - In Chongqing's Jiangjin District, 530,000 acres of green pepper are entering the harvesting phase, utilizing drones for transportation and centralized processing [9] - To ensure quality, local agricultural cooperatives are establishing processing centers to provide comprehensive services for harvesting and processing [11] - The planting area for green pepper this year is 530,000 acres, with an expected yield of 340,000 tons and a total industry output value of 5.8 billion yuan [13]

Core Insights - The "Grain in Ear" solar term will begin on June 5, marking a busy agricultural season for summer harvesting, planting, and management [1] - The summer planting phase is crucial as it connects summer harvests with autumn harvests, with different regions having unique crop layouts based on climate and soil conditions [5] Regional Agricultural Practices - In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, farmers engage in intercropping or crop rotation with corn and soybeans after wheat harvest, and peanut cultivation is widespread for quality oil production [5] - The Yangtze River middle and lower reaches have a two-crop system for rice, with early rice harvested in mid to late July followed by the planting of late rice [6] - Southern China enjoys a warm climate year-round, allowing for diverse summer crops, including continuous rice growth and a variety of summer vegetables and fruits [7] - The Northwest region, characterized by ample sunlight but scarce rainfall, focuses on drought-resistant crops like millet and sorghum, with cotton in Xinjiang entering its growth peak during summer [8] - The Northeast region has a short warm season with limited frost-free days, typically supporting a one-crop system, although some areas can achieve limited double cropping through intercropping methods [9] Agricultural Wisdom - The saying "If not planted during Grain in Ear, it will be useless to plant later" emphasizes the importance of this period for planting cereal crops, suggesting that timely planting leads to abundant harvests [10]

Weather Conditions During Summer Harvest and Planting - The overall weather conditions during this year's summer harvest and planting period are expected to be favorable, facilitating agricultural activities [3] - From late May, most summer grain-producing areas will experience mainly sunny or partly cloudy weather, with a low risk of continuous rain, which is beneficial for the maturity and harvesting of winter wheat and rapeseed [4] Potential Weather Risks - There will be a significant rainfall event in regions such as Jianghan, Jianghuai, and northern Jiangnan from May 27 to 28, which may adversely affect the harvesting of rapeseed and winter wheat [5] - The first half of June may see temperatures close to or slightly above the historical average, which is generally favorable for wheat harvesting, but localized severe convective weather may occur, necessitating precautions [5] - The risk of continuous rain and heavy precipitation during the wheat harvesting period is high in certain areas, while increased rainfall later will benefit summer planting efforts [5] Impact of Adverse Weather - Continuous rainy weather can lead to difficulties in harvesting, causing wheat to fall and spoil, and affecting the drying of harvested grains, resulting in yield losses [9][13] - "Rotting rain" typically occurs from late May to mid-June, caused by the convergence of cold air from the north and warm moist air from the south, leading to widespread and slow-moving rain systems [11][12] Recommendations for Farmers - Farmers are advised to optimize machinery scheduling to take advantage of good weather for harvesting, and to manage soil moisture effectively to prevent waterlogging [15] - For harvested wheat, proper drying and ventilation are crucial to prevent spoilage, and timely planting of summer crops like corn and soybeans should be prioritized based on weather conditions [15] High-Temperature and Drought Challenges - High temperatures and drought conditions are prevalent during this period, particularly affecting regions like Huanghuaihai, North China, Jianghuai, and parts of the Southwest [28] - Young seedlings are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures, which can lead to issues such as "burning" and "yellowing," potentially impacting growth and yield [30] Mitigation Strategies for High Temperatures - Farmers should implement timely irrigation and nutrient management to mitigate the effects of high temperatures, ensuring adequate moisture and nutrient supply to crops [32][33] - Installation of cooling systems in greenhouses and using shading techniques can help protect crops from extreme heat [33] Emergency Preparedness for Weather Extremes - The Ministry of Agriculture emphasizes the importance of monitoring for drought, dry hot winds, and continuous rain, and encourages timely warnings and resource preparations to address potential disasters [42]

Core Viewpoint - The summer grain harvest, known as "San Xia," is underway in China, with significant implications for food supply and agricultural management [1][3]. Group 1: Summer Grain Harvest - The summer grain harvest, which includes winter wheat and winter rapeseed, is crucial for food security, as winter wheat is a key staple and rapeseed oil accounts for 40% of domestic edible oil production [1][3]. - The Yangtze River basin is the primary area for winter rapeseed, contributing approximately 85% of the national area and production [1]. Group 2: Regional Harvest Progress - The southwestern wheat region is the first to begin harvesting, followed by the Yangtze River middle and lower reaches, Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the northwest wheat region [3]. - The Huang-Huai-Hai region, which includes Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Anhui, accounts for over 70% of the national wheat area and nearly 80% of the production [3]. Group 3: Agricultural Management - As the summer harvest and planting occur, ongoing field management is essential for maximizing grain yield, emphasizing the importance of agricultural practices [5].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the ongoing wheat harvest in various regions of China, with an estimated summer grain purchase volume of around 200 billion jin, including 170 billion jin of winter wheat [1] - The southwestern wheat area, particularly Sichuan, has completed 70% of its wheat harvest and is preparing for rice planting by leveling and irrigating the land [1] - The mechanization of wheat harvesting is shifting focus to the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region, which is the largest in terms of area and production in China [1][16] Group 2 - In Hebei province, the wheat is currently in the critical filling stage, where proper management is essential for yield formation [4][7] - Advanced irrigation techniques, such as smart weather monitoring and drip irrigation, are being utilized to optimize water usage and improve crop yield [6][9] - The expected yield for wheat in Hebei is projected to exceed 1,400 jin per mu due to precise management practices [11] Group 3 - The "Three Summers" period, which includes summer harvest, summer planting, and summer management, is crucial for grain production in China, particularly for winter wheat and oilseed rape [12][14] - The Huang-Huai-Hai region is expected to see large-scale mechanized harvesting of winter wheat in the coming weeks, with a total of 340 million mu of wheat to be harvested nationwide [16] - Effective field management during the summer is emphasized, as it plays a significant role in determining grain yield [16]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the commencement of the summer harvest and planting season in China, marked by the release of the first national meteorological service report for summer harvest and planting in 2025 by the Central Meteorological Station on May 20 [1] - The summer harvest primarily involves the collection of winter wheat and rapeseed, while summer planting includes the sowing of summer corn, summer soybeans, and transplanting of rice [3] - The meteorological report predicts favorable weather conditions for the majority of summer grain-producing areas, with a low risk of continuous rain, which is beneficial for the maturation and harvesting of winter wheat and rapeseed [3][5] Group 2 - The report indicates that from June to mid-June, temperatures will be close to or slightly above the normal levels, with precipitation in North China and the Huang-Huai region being near normal, which is conducive to the smooth progress of wheat harvesting [5] - However, localized severe weather such as heavy rainfall and strong winds may impact the harvesting process [5] - The China Meteorological Administration is utilizing satellite remote sensing and radar monitoring to provide technological support for summer agricultural production, including monitoring crop growth and soil moisture [5][7] Group 3 - The article discusses the phenomenon of "dry hot wind," which poses a risk to winter wheat in northern regions, particularly during the critical growth period of flowering to grain filling [9] - "Dry hot wind" is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity, leading to increased transpiration and potential yield loss in wheat crops [9] - Historical data indicates a decreasing trend in the intensity of "dry hot wind," but recent climate warming has led to higher temperatures during the grain filling period, increasing the risk of this weather phenomenon [9]