作者简介： CFA，金融MBA，多年基金从业经历。2007-2017年就职兴全基金，任趋势基金经 理。2017-2024年就职浦银安盛基金，任价值投资部总经理。2024-2025年，就职国联安基金价 值投资负责人。 美国时间11月10日，95岁的传奇投资者巴菲特发布感恩节致股东信，这是他最后一封致股东信， 从严格意义上来说，这更像是这位有史以来最伟大投资者的谢幕辞。大家很好奇，大师在信中会 揭示些什么不同寻常的秘密呢？毕竟，这是最后的机会了。 我一边看着这封不同寻常的信，一边听着巴菲特最心爱的歌曲《My Way》，感觉歌词很好地诠 释了他当下的心态。 And now,the end is near;And so I face the final curtain 此刻，终点即将来临。我也将面临人生谢幕 My friend,I'll say it clear,I'll state my case,of which I'm certain 朋友，我将知无不言，向你讲述那些我所确信的经历 巴菲特在信中表达"I'm'going quiet'"，这意味着他将安静谢幕—明年起不再负责运作伯克希尔， 不在年度致股东信上面长篇 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses Warren Buffett's final letter to shareholders, marking the end of an era for Berkshire Hathaway, and highlights his reflections on life, legacy, and the future of the company under new leadership. Group 1: Transition of Leadership - Greg Abel will take over as the CEO at the end of the year, described as a great manager and honest communicator [4] - Buffett will continue to communicate with shareholders through his annual Thanksgiving message [5][6] Group 2: Personal Reflections - Buffett expresses gratitude for his life at 95, reflecting on his early health challenges and the support he received from his family doctor [7][8] - He shares anecdotes from his childhood in Omaha, emphasizing the friendships and influences that shaped his life [14][15][16] Group 3: Legacy and Philanthropy - Buffett plans to accelerate lifetime gifts to his children's foundations to ensure they manage his estate effectively before alternate trustees take over [53][54] - He emphasizes the importance of his children's maturity and experience in handling wealth and philanthropy [57][68] Group 4: Berkshire's Future - Berkshire's businesses are expected to have moderately better-than-average prospects, with some significant opportunities [74] - The company is noted for having a management team that is shareholder-conscious and aims to operate in a way that benefits the United States [78][80]

Group 1 - The company will have a new CEO, Greg Abel, by the end of the year, who is described as an excellent manager and communicator [2] - The company has a unique group of individual shareholders who generously share their wealth with less fortunate groups [2] - The company has a strong focus on maintaining trust and confidence among shareholders, especially during the transition to new leadership [17] Group 2 - The company has a history of successful investments, such as the acquisition of the Omaha Sun newspaper, which later achieved over 100% annual pre-tax returns [6] - The company emphasizes the importance of strong management and the need for vigilance regarding potential health issues among CEOs [19] - The company is committed to operating in a manner that prioritizes shareholder interests and avoids behaviors that could undermine its status as a valuable asset [21]

当地时间周一，伯克希尔哈撒韦公司在官网发布首席执行官（CEO）巴菲特（Warren Buffett）致股东的年 度信，"奥马哈传奇"在信中表示将在今年年底卸任后 "减少公开活动"。虽然很可能是其作为伯克希尔CEO 的最后一份声明，这位95岁的老人目前暂不打算彻底退出公众视野。 一二十年后，将会有许多公司的表现超过伯克希尔，毕竟公司规模庞大也会带来相应的压力。"巴菲特写 道。 进入阿贝尔时代 投资者密切关注巴菲特的每一步投资动作，核心原因在于、这位传奇投资人早已用时间证明了自己对市场 的深刻洞察 ——在近60年的时间里，他带领伯克希尔哈撒韦实现了超越市场的回报率。在此期间，这家 控股公司实现了近20%的年化复合收益率，而同期标普500指数的年化收益率仅为10%。 巴菲特是典型的价值投资者，他倾向于选择两类股票：一类是相对于同行存在估值折价的股票，另一类是 定价合理、且他认为市场未来终将认可其真实价值的股票。巴菲特还偏爱长期坚持分红的公司，例如可口 可乐（Coca-Cola）和美国运通（American Express）——这两家公司均位列巴菲特的五大重仓股之中。 正是凭借上述投资理念与实践，巴菲特多年来屡创佳绩 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding companies and their fundamentals rather than being swayed by market volatility, highlighting that true value investing is about thriving amidst fluctuations [2][3][4][5] Group 1: Understanding Companies - Value investors view stock price fluctuations as temporary waves, focusing instead on the intrinsic value of companies, akin to a ship's keel [2] - Historical data from the S&P 500 shows that despite 12 bear markets since 1957, the annualized return rate remains at 10.26%, indicating that quality companies endure through cycles [3] - Familiarity with a company's products, research, and cash flow helps investors remain calm during short-term price changes [3] Group 2: Avoiding Leverage - Leverage can amplify both gains and losses, with historical examples like Bear Stearns during the 2008 financial crisis illustrating the dangers of excessive leverage [3][4] - The nature of volatility changes with leverage; a 50% drop can wipe out an investor's capital if leverage is involved, whereas it may only represent a paper loss without leverage [4] - Behavioral finance suggests that leverage can lead to irrational decisions, such as panic selling during downturns, which is contrary to Warren Buffett's investment principles [4] Group 3: Staying Away from Market Noise - The principle of "holding stocks without being emotionally attached" is crucial for managing volatility, as excessive trading can erode returns [5] - Data indicates that investors with a monthly turnover rate exceeding 200% have a median three-year return of -18.7%, significantly lower than the 34.2% return of low-frequency traders [5] - Successful investors focus on analyzing quarterly reports and conducting field research rather than obsessively monitoring market movements, allowing them to make informed decisions without succumbing to market noise [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the essence of value investing lies not in avoiding volatility but in developing a system to survive and profit from it, encapsulated in three key concepts: understanding the business, avoiding leverage, and distancing from the market [1][5]. Understanding the Business - True value investors recognize that daily stock price fluctuations are akin to waves, while the intrinsic value of a company is the foundation. For instance, Warren Buffett's investment in Coca-Cola during the 1987 market turmoil was based on the brand's strong consumer loyalty, which proved to be a solid investment over time [1][2]. - Quality companies can sustain themselves through continuous product innovation and stable profit growth, as evidenced by the S&P 500's annualized return of 10.26% since 1957, despite experiencing 12 bear markets [2][3]. Avoiding Leverage - Leverage can amplify both gains and losses, acting as a trigger for potential destruction during market volatility. The case of Bear Stearns, which collapsed due to excessive leverage during the 2008 financial crisis, illustrates the dangers of high leverage [2][3]. - The article highlights that without leverage, a 50% drop in stock price may only represent a paper loss, allowing time for recovery, whereas with leverage, the same drop could wipe out the principal entirely [3]. Distancing from the Market - Investors should maintain a healthy distance from market noise, focusing instead on analyzing quarterly reports and conducting on-site research. This approach allows them to avoid the pitfalls of overtrading, which can lead to significant losses [5]. - The article notes that investors who frequently trade, such as those with a monthly turnover rate exceeding 200%, tend to have lower median returns compared to those who trade less frequently [3][5].

Core Viewpoint - The discussion around Coca-Cola's sweetener source has intensified following former President Trump's comments advocating for the use of real cane sugar instead of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in Coca-Cola products sold in the U.S. [1][3][5] Group 1: Trump's Comments and Company Responses - Trump expressed gratitude towards Coca-Cola's management for agreeing to consider using cane sugar in their products, labeling it a positive move [1][3] - Coca-Cola acknowledged Trump's enthusiasm for their brand and indicated that they would soon share more information about innovative products in their lineup [3] - PepsiCo's CEO stated that they would cater to consumer preferences for sugar and natural ingredients if there is a clear demand [3][5] Group 2: Historical Context of Sweetener Use - The switch from cane sugar to HFCS in Coca-Cola began in 1984, driven by cost considerations and the availability of cheap corn in the U.S. [5][19] - HFCS became popular due to government subsidies for corn production, which lowered its production costs compared to cane sugar [5][19] - Consumer calls for a return to cane sugar have persisted since the initial switch, reflecting a growing awareness and concern over ingredient sourcing [5][19] Group 3: Economic Implications of Sweetener Choices - The cost of HFCS is significantly lower than that of cane sugar, with estimates suggesting that switching to cane sugar could increase product costs by 10% to 15% [19][26] - In 1985, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo anticipated substantial savings from using HFCS, with Coca-Cola estimating a savings of approximately $30 million annually [26] - The market for HFCS surged, with its usage in the U.S. expected to increase by 500,000 tons annually following the switch [26] Group 4: Consumer Sentiment and Advocacy - Consumer backlash against the use of HFCS has been notable, with some advocating for a return to cane sugar due to health concerns associated with HFCS [31] - The discussion around sweeteners has gained traction, with political figures also voicing opposition to HFCS, linking it to health issues like childhood obesity [31] - Over the past two decades, the usage of HFCS in the U.S. has been gradually declining, while the consumption of cane sugar has been on the rise [31]