研究报告 Research Report 26 Aug 2025 中国 & 中国必需消费 China (A-share) & China (Overseas) Staples 中国必需消费品 8 月价格报告：多数品类价格再次回落 Most categories saw prices fall again [Table_yemei1] 观点聚焦 Investment Focus | [Table_Info] | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 股票名称 | 评级 | 股票名称 | 评级 | | 贵州茅台 | Outperform 华润啤酒 | | Outperform | | 贵州茅台 | Outperform 古井贡酒 | | Outperform | | 五粮液 | Outperform 青岛啤酒 | | Outperform | | 五粮液 | Outperform 海底捞 | | Outperform | | 山西汾酒 | Outperform 康师傅 | | Outperform | | 海天味业 | Outperform 今世缘 | | Outperform | ...

Investment Focus - The report highlights a focus on structural opportunities driven by policy catalysis, particularly in essential consumer sectors such as dairy products and liquor, while cautioning against the risks in the soft drink sector [7]. Demand Analysis - In July, among the eight tracked essential consumer sectors, six maintained positive growth, while two experienced negative growth. The sectors with single-digit growth included dining (+4.4%), soft drinks (+2.7%), frozen foods (+1.7%), condiments (+1.1%), dairy products (+1.1%), and beer (+0.6%). The declining sectors were high-end and above liquor (-4.0%) and mass-market liquor (-3.9%) [3][9]. - The report notes that five sectors saw a deterioration in growth rates compared to the previous month, while three improved. The new alcohol ban and adverse weather conditions were identified as significant negative factors affecting demand [3][9]. Price Trends - In July, most liquor wholesale prices stabilized after a period of decline. Specific prices included Feitian at 1915/1880/655 yuan for different packaging, with year-on-year declines of 665/500/155 yuan. The price of Wuliangye was 930 yuan, showing a slight increase of 10 yuan from the previous month [3][22][24]. - The report indicates that the prices of liquid milk and beer saw a reduction in discount rates, while soft drink discounts increased, with stable prices for infant formula, convenience foods, and condiments [4][19]. Cost Analysis - The report states that the spot cost index for various sectors, including dairy, soft drinks, frozen foods, and beer, generally decreased in July, while futures cost indices showed mixed results. For instance, the spot cost index for dairy products fell by 2.92% [4]. Fund Flow - As of the end of July, net inflows into Hong Kong Stock Connect amounted to 124.1 billion yuan, with the essential consumer sector's market capitalization share rising to 5.05%. The food additives sector saw a decrease in share, while the dairy sector experienced an increase [5]. Valuation Insights - By the end of July, the historical PE ratio for the food and beverage sector was at 16% (20.2x), remaining stable from the previous month. The report notes that the median valuation for leading A-share companies was 20x, a decrease of 1x from the previous month [6]. Sector Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on sectors benefiting from policy support, particularly dairy and liquor, while being cautious about the soft drink sector's marginal deterioration. Specific companies to watch include China Feihe, Yili, Mengniu, Master Kong, Uni-President, Yanghe, WH Group, and China Foods [7].

Core Viewpoint - The recent leadership changes at Zhujiang Brewery highlight the company's struggles with over-reliance on the South China market and ineffective utilization of the 2.5 billion yuan raised in funding, amidst a declining beer industry and increasing competition [1][11]. Company Overview - Zhujiang Brewery has announced a change in general manager, with Zhang Yong taking over from Huang Wensheng, who served for only about a month [6][8]. - The company has a significant dependency on the South China market, with approximately 95.81% of its revenue coming from this region, amounting to around 5.49 billion yuan in 2024 [10][12]. - The revenue from non-South China markets has decreased by 10.37% year-on-year in 2024, indicating challenges in expanding beyond its primary market [11]. Financial Performance - As of the end of 2024, Zhujiang Brewery's fixed assets reached approximately 3.216 billion yuan, up nearly 8% from the beginning of the year [13]. - The company has faced issues with project delays and adjustments in the use of raised funds, with a remaining balance of about 2.599 billion yuan as of December 31, 2024 [16]. - Interest income accounted for 23.95% of the net profit in 2024, raising concerns about the company's true profitability as this support may diminish with lower interest rates [17]. Market Challenges - The beer industry is expected to see a slight decline in overall production by 0.6% in 2024, intensifying competition among breweries [1]. - Major competitors, such as China Resources Beer, are increasing their presence in the South China market, further squeezing Zhujiang Brewery's market share [10][11]. - Analysts express concerns that frequent leadership changes may disrupt strategic continuity and affect the company's ability to execute its national expansion plans [9][11].

Core Viewpoint - The appointment of Huang Wensheng as the new chairman of Zhujiang Beer marks a significant leadership change, with expectations for him to drive the company's national expansion and address challenges in a shrinking beer market [2][4][25]. Company Overview - Zhujiang Beer announced the retirement of Chairman Wang Zhibin, with General Manager Huang Wensheng taking over as the fifth leader in the company's history [2]. - Huang Wensheng, who has a background in the telecommunications industry, joined Zhujiang Beer in 2020 and has overseen a 30% revenue growth and a 40% profit increase over five years [3][11]. - Despite strong performance in Guangdong, Zhujiang Beer holds only a 4% market share nationally, indicating limited penetration in the broader beer market [3][21]. Leadership Transition - Huang Wensheng's leadership comes after a series of internal promotions in previous management, with his external appointment raising investor concerns reflected in a nearly 2% drop in stock price following the announcement [5][6]. - The transition of leadership is critical as previous leaders have successfully navigated challenges but left unresolved issues regarding national expansion [14][25]. Historical Context - Zhujiang Beer has a rich history of leadership, with past chairmen achieving significant milestones, including market dominance in Guangdong and the introduction of innovative products [13][18]. - The company has faced increasing competition from larger national brands, which have expanded aggressively into Zhujiang's home market [15][19]. Market Challenges - The beer industry is entering a new cycle of contraction, with a projected decrease in the number of suitable consumers over the next decade, posing a challenge for mid-sized breweries like Zhujiang Beer [21][22]. - The company must navigate a competitive landscape where major brands dominate over 90% of the market, necessitating strategic adjustments to maintain growth [21][22]. Strategic Focus - Zhujiang Beer aims to capitalize on the growing beer consumption in Guangdong, which has recently become the largest beer-producing province in China [22]. - The company is also exploring opportunities for expansion outside Guangdong, with initiatives like the Zhujiang raw beer experience stores designed to penetrate new markets with lower investment [24][25].

Core Viewpoint - The leadership change at Zhujiang Beer marks a critical moment as the company transitions from a focus on high-end product development to addressing its national expansion challenges, particularly in the competitive 8 yuan beer segment [1][8]. Financial Performance - In 2024, Zhujiang Beer achieved a revenue of approximately 5.731 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.56%, with beer sales reaching 143.96 million tons, up 2.62% [2][3]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was about 810 million yuan, reflecting a significant year-on-year growth of 29.95% [2][3]. - High-end products generated revenue of 3.904 billion yuan, a 13.97% increase, accounting for nearly 70% of total revenue, with a gross margin of 48.6% [4]. Product Strategy - Zhujiang Beer has established a "3+N" product strategy, focusing on high-end brands such as the Xuebao series and the 97 Pure Draft, which has seen remarkable growth since its launch [4][6]. - The 8 yuan price segment has become a battleground for various brands, with Zhujiang Beer positioning its 97 Pure Draft as a key player in this competitive landscape [6][8]. Regional Dependency - Zhujiang Beer heavily relies on the South China market, with 95.81% of its revenue coming from this region, indicating a lack of national market penetration [8][10]. - The gross margin in Guangdong is significantly higher at 47.8%, compared to only 12.06% in markets outside the province, highlighting the disparity in profitability [10][11]. National Expansion Challenges - The company acknowledges its limited brand recognition outside of South China, facing stiff competition from established brands like Qingdao and Yanjing in other regions [11][15]. - Zhujiang Beer’s sales expenses as a percentage of operating costs are lower than competitors, suggesting a need for increased marketing investment to enhance brand presence nationally [15][16]. - The current distribution network is primarily traditional, with nearly 90% of revenue coming from these channels, indicating a need for modernization to adapt to changing consumer behaviors [16][18].

Investment Focus - The report emphasizes the strategy of investing in stocks with high dividends and improved fundamentals, particularly in the essential consumer sector [1][6] - Key stocks recommended for investment include Kweichow Moutai, Wuliangye, and Yili, all rated as "Outperform" [1] Industry Overview - In May 2025, six out of eight tracked industries maintained positive growth, with the restaurant sector growing by 3.7%, beer by 3.3%, and soft drinks by 3.1% [3][8] - The industries experiencing negative growth include mass-market and above mid-range liquor, with declines of 13.0% and 2.5% respectively [3][8] Price Trends - In May, the price of Moutai continued to decline, while high-end products like Wuliangye stabilized [4] - The overall price trend in the liquor market showed more declines than increases, particularly in the mid-range segment [4][10] Cost Analysis - The cost index for soft drinks, seasonings, and other categories showed slight increases, while beer and instant noodles experienced declines [4] - Packaging material prices have decreased significantly compared to last year, with aluminum can prices up by 12.01% [4] Fund Flows - As of the end of May, net inflows into Hong Kong Stock Connect amounted to 41.99 billion yuan, with the essential consumer sector's market capitalization share at 5.65% [5] - The food additives sector saw an increase in market share, while the dairy sector experienced a slight decrease [5] Valuation Metrics - The PE historical percentile for A-share food and beverage stocks was 19% (21.5x), a decrease from the previous month [5] - H-share essential consumer sector PE historical percentile increased to 34% (18.8x), reflecting a rise in valuation [5] Recommendations - The report suggests waiting for opportunities or buying high-dividend stocks, as the current fundamentals lack catalysts for growth [6] - Key stocks with high dividend yields include Master Kong, Uni-President, and China Feihe, among others [6]