英伟达并不缺少挑战者，但到目前为止，他们都很难称得上是 英伟达的对手，难以撼动其领导地位。不过，未来这一点未必 不会改变。 作者： 刘劲等 封图：图虫创意 算力是人工智能最重要的基础设施和发展引擎。AI算力的代表企业英伟达（NVIDIA）凭借性能先 进的产品和难以复制的生态，在AI训练及推理芯片领域建立起了近乎垄断的领导地位，成为地球上 价值最高的上市公司。截至2025年11月，英伟达的市值约为4.5万亿美元，2025年第三季度营收 的同比增长约为62%。 在大模型发展的初期和中期，训练算力是核心瓶颈，决定了模型的"高度"，是算力芯片的战略制 高点。因此，我们在此着重讨论训练。 英伟达在训练算力上有统治性的地位。这种优势来自两个方面：先进的技术和生态的垄断。 主流大模型的参数规模已达千亿、万亿级别，训练时要对海量数据进行大规模计算，单机算力早已 远远不够，必须依托大规模芯片集群完成训练；要令这复杂而成本高昂的训练易于展开、效率高、 稳定可靠，还需要一整套的软件系统和工具来作为连接训练工程师、算力芯片和模型的桥梁。 因此，我们大致可以将训练对算力芯片的要求拆解成单芯片性能（单卡性能）、互联能力和软件生 态三部分 ...

编辑｜Panda、泽南 大模型的竞争如火如荼，也有一群人正在研究如何降低门槛，让 AI 工具变得亲民。 最近，在 AI 基础算力上重磅频出的华为，又亮出了一张王牌：昇腾的底层基础软件， CANN 全面开源开放 。 昇腾宣布将通过一系列新举措，持续支持开发者在 AI 模型、算子、内核、底层资源等多个层级进行自主优化与自定义开发。通过开放共建，一个新兴的 AI 算力生态正在快速崛起，改变计算架构领域本已固化的格局。 CANN 全称为「神经网络异构计算架构」（Compute Architecture for Neural Networks） ，其作为连接上层 AI 训练框架（如 PyTorch、 TensorFlow、MindSpore 等）和底层 AI 芯片的桥梁，让开发者不用关心芯片细节就能调用底层算力。 最近一段时间，业内对于国产 AI 算力的需求大幅增长，让人们更加重视起硬件的计算架构。CANN 的开源开放引发了业界的广泛关注，当 CANN 这个在 整个 AI 技术栈中「承上启下」的关键角色被开源了之后，开发者们获得了定义算力的权力。 以前在 AI 芯片上的算子开发门槛高到不敢用，现在昇腾 CANN 把这层 ...

12月1日，记者从深圳市龙岗区城投集团获悉，昇腾384超节点算力集群在深圳福田河套建成并正式投 用。据了解，该项目由华为与深圳市龙岗区城投集团共建。 在此基础上，昇腾384超节点的落地，不仅为区域注入强劲的国产算力，更以"CANN全量开源+开源鸿 蒙生态"为双翼，打造自主的"算力-操作系统-应用"技术闭环。 CANN作为AI计算的底层引擎，确保昇腾芯片算力得以充分释放；开源鸿蒙则作为跨终端协同的操作系 统基座，打通算力流动的"最后一公里"。两者协同，不仅在技术层面实现软硬一体，更在生态层面推动 芯片、硬件、框架、应用等全产业链深度协作。例如，一个基于CANN优化的AI视觉模型，可借助鸿蒙 的分布式能力，无缝流转于手机、平板、IoT设备等多元终端，实现"一次开发、多端赋能"。 龙岗区城投相关负责人表示，未来，这一闭环体系将吸引全球AI算法开发者与鸿蒙应用开发者汇聚龙 岗、聚集深圳，形成技术共生、产业共融的集群效应，加速深圳打造"人工智能先锋城市"，更将推动大 湾区构建AI产业生态。 （文章来源：21世纪经济报道） 除了384颗高性能NPU外，节点内整合了192颗鲲鹏最新一代高性能CPU处理能力，实现集群训练性能 ...

Core Insights - The core theme of the forum is "Open Drives Innovation," emphasizing the shift from competition to collaboration in the realm of intellectual property and innovation [1][10][12] Group 1: Forum Overview - The sixth Huawei Innovation and Intellectual Property Forum gathered representatives from various international organizations and companies to discuss the role of intellectual property in fostering collaborative innovation [1][2] - Huawei's Chief Legal Officer, Song Liuping, highlighted that the essence of intellectual property is not exclusivity but rather the orderly and efficient dissemination of innovative results [2][4] Group 2: Huawei's Contributions - As of the end of 2024, Huawei has obtained over 150,000 valid patents globally, with R&D investment exceeding 20% of annual revenue, totaling over 1.2 trillion yuan in the past decade [4][7] - The forum showcased Huawei's "Top Ten Inventions" for 2024, which include significant technological advancements such as the Scale Up ultra-large-scale computing platform and the HarmonyOS full-stack architecture [4][6] Group 3: Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration - The upgraded "Chasi Patents" platform was introduced, enhancing patent search and analysis capabilities, thereby accelerating knowledge flow and innovation [6][9] - Huawei's commitment to open innovation is reflected in its extensive participation in global ICT standards and its collaboration with international licensing platforms, generating over $630 million in patent licensing revenue in 2024 [8][9] Group 4: Open Innovation Strategy - Huawei's strategy emphasizes that knowledge sharing enhances social value rather than diminishing rights, promoting a cycle where patent protection leads to commercial returns that fund further R&D [9][10] - The forum underscored the importance of establishing standardized interfaces and shared platforms to make innovation more efficient and inclusive [10][12] Group 5: Future Implications - The discussions at the forum suggest that open innovation is becoming a dominant theme in global technological collaboration, with the potential to significantly enhance cross-industry integration [10][12] - The evolving landscape of technology, including AI and quantum computing, presents challenges in establishing sustainable cooperation mechanisms, highlighting the need for intellectual property to serve as a bridge rather than a barrier [10][12]

Core Viewpoint - The ultimate competition in AI between China and the US may not be about computing power but rather about electricity supply, as AI's increasing demands for power will determine who can sustain their operations longer [5][10]. Group 1: US AI Industry Challenges - The bottleneck for the US AI industry has shifted from chip availability to electricity supply, with major tech companies struggling to secure sufficient power for their operations [9][10]. - AI applications, such as ChatGPT, consume significant amounts of electricity, with estimates indicating that daily operations could power 17,000 American households [11]. - The aging US power grid, built decades ago, is unable to meet the surging electricity demands, leading to potential power shortages in certain regions by 2030 [11][12]. Group 2: China's Energy Advantage - China is leveraging its energy advantages to compensate for product performance disadvantages in the AI sector, particularly through initiatives like "East Data, West Computing" [15][18]. - This initiative aims to transfer data processing from energy-rich western regions to eastern areas where demand is high, optimizing the use of clean and inexpensive electricity [16][18]. - The recent electricity subsidy for AI data centers in China is seen as a strategic move to enhance competitiveness against US firms by reducing operational costs [5][7][25]. Group 3: Cost Structure and Subsidies - The electricity subsidy fundamentally alters the cost structure for companies considering domestic chips, making it more attractive to switch from foreign to local alternatives [25][32]. - The new cost formula for AI operations in China now includes reductions in energy costs due to the "energy scheduling dividend" and fiscal subsidies, making domestic chips more competitive [31][32]. - The subsidy is designed to cover the ecological migration costs associated with transitioning to domestic chips, providing critical time for the development of local ecosystems [32]. Group 4: Strategic Implications - The combination of energy advantages, subsidies, and domestic chip development forms a closed-loop system aimed at challenging Nvidia's dominance in the AI ecosystem [33][40]. - As AI competition evolves from a focus on chip performance to resource management, China's ability to maintain lower operational costs could provide a significant competitive edge [41][45]. - The strategic focus is not only on defense but also on offensive maneuvers against established players like Nvidia, with the goal of redefining the competitive landscape [42][46].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transformation of the AI industry, emphasizing that the competition has shifted from hardware capabilities to a battle for software, developers, and ecosystem building, with Huawei's Ascend and its heterogeneous computing architecture CANN at the forefront of this change [1][4]. Summary by Sections CANN Open Source Announcement - Huawei's rotating chairman Xu Zhijun announced that the CANN hardware enabling will be fully open-sourced by December 30, 2025 [2]. Significance of CANN Open Source - The open-sourcing of CANN represents a profound self-revolution in the domestic AI infrastructure, aiming to break the closed model traditionally dominated by hardware manufacturers and embrace a more open and community-driven future [4][19]. - The success of the ecosystem relies on attracting academic innovation and creating a stable, universal, and efficient foundational tool for developers [5][18]. Developer Perspectives on CANN - Developers describe CANN's evolution as a challenging journey, with early versions requiring low-level programming skills, which hindered productivity [10][11]. - The introduction of the Ascend C programming language marked a significant improvement, aligning more closely with mainstream programming practices [15]. Challenges Faced by Developers - Early developers faced high technical barriers and a lack of stable architecture, leading to a difficult development environment [11][13]. - Systemic issues persisted, such as the inability to reproduce model accuracy across different frameworks due to a lack of transparency in the underlying systems [17]. The Role of Open Source - Open sourcing CANN is seen as a means to break down technical barriers and empower developers by providing transparency and control over the platform [21][23]. - The open-source model aims to foster a vibrant community where developers can contribute and innovate, moving away from reliance on a few official experts [29]. Ecosystem Empowerment - Open source provides unprecedented opportunities for deep integration between academia and industry, allowing researchers to address real-world problems and convert solutions into academic contributions [26]. - The shift from users to contributors is expected to cultivate a new generation of developers who can engage in high-quality projects [28]. Future Outlook for CANN - The current focus is on matching CUDA's capabilities while fostering original innovations within the CANN ecosystem [44]. - Huawei has committed to investing significant resources, including 1,500 petaflops of computing power and 30,000 development boards annually, to support the open-source community [45].

Core Insights - Huawei unexpectedly revealed its future chip roadmap during the Huawei Connect 2025 event, showcasing several new chips including the Ascend 950, 960, and 970 series for AI computing, as well as the Kunpeng 950 and 960 processors for general computing [1][3][10] Group 1: Chip Developments - The Ascend 950 series chips will support low-precision data formats and achieve computing power of 1P and 2P, enhancing training efficiency and inference throughput [3][10] - The Ascend 960 is planned to double the performance of the Ascend 950 and will support Huawei's self-developed HiF4 data format, set to launch in Q4 2027 [7] - The Ascend 970 will further enhance specifications compared to the Ascend 960, with plans for release in Q4 2028 [7] Group 2: Supernode and Cluster Innovations - Huawei introduced the Atlas 950 supernode, which will consist of 8192 Ascend 950DT chips, achieving FP8 computing power of 8E FLOPS and FP4 computing power of 16E FLOPS, set to launch in Q4 2026 [11][13] - The Atlas 960 supernode, planned for Q4 2027, will be based on 15488 Ascend 960 chips, with FP8 computing power reaching 30E FLOPS and FP4 computing power reaching 60E FLOPS [13] - The Atlas 950 SuperCluster will consist of 64 Atlas 950 supernodes, achieving FP8 computing power of 524 EFLOPS, making it the world's strongest computing cluster [18] Group 3: Software and Ecosystem Development - Huawei aims to develop a robust software ecosystem to complement its hardware, with the CANN deep learning framework and MindSpore framework serving as alternatives to NVIDIA's CUDA [21][22] - The company plans to open-source its CANN compiler and virtual instruction set interface by the end of 2025, along with the Mind series application tools [22][24] - Huawei's strategy emphasizes hardware evolution through existing chip technology while fostering an open-source ecosystem to address challenges posed by U.S. sanctions [24]

Core Insights - The conference highlighted advancements in AI capabilities, particularly through the launch of the Ascend Super Node and CANN ecosystem, which aims to enhance computational power and efficiency in AI applications [1] Group 1: AI City Solutions - Longgang District introduced the AI CITY benchmark solution, leveraging Ascend computing power to integrate government and public service data, focusing on urban management, public services, and industrial empowerment [1] - Traffic efficiency on main roads improved by 18%, and the accuracy of AI-assisted diagnoses in community hospitals exceeded 92% [1] - The "4T Digital Living Space" initiative centers on four digital rights, providing T-level storage, network, public resources, and intelligent computing support, transitioning from "urban governance" to "citizen services" [1] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The Ascend Super Node has overcome traditional cluster communication bottlenecks, achieving training performance three times that of conventional nodes, supporting the training of trillion-parameter models [1] - CANN has been fully open-sourced, promoting deep adaptation of AI frameworks and significantly enhancing development efficiency through automatic operator generation technology [1] - The plan to cultivate 2 million Ascend developers over the next two years aims to strengthen the talent foundation in the industry [1] Group 3: Collaboration and Applications - The conference also announced the second batch of "City + AI" application scenarios in Longgang District, covering 21 fields with a total of 424 scenarios [1] - Longgang Urban Investment signed a cooperation agreement with Huawei to jointly build a local and cloud-based computing resource pool [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the implementation of AI technology in Shenzhen's Longgang District, focusing on enhancing digital governance and improving residents' quality of life through AI-driven solutions [3][6][13] Group 1: AI CITY Initiative - The Longgang District has launched the AI CITY benchmark solution, utilizing Ascend computing power to integrate government data and public services with citizen needs [3][6] - The "4T for Home" project aims to create a comprehensive digital living space, covering various aspects of digital life, including governance, healthcare, and local services [3][10] Group 2: AI Applications in Governance - Longgang has developed an AI application system termed "1+1+4+N," which includes a government AI platform and multiple application scenarios across key areas such as citizen services and urban governance [6][12] - The introduction of the "Super Pod" concept enhances computational capabilities, significantly improving communication bandwidth by 15 times and reducing latency by 10 times, thus addressing the computational demands of AI applications in governance [7][12] Group 3: Digital Rights and Resources - The initiative aims to ensure digital equity by providing citizens with T-level storage, network traffic, public resources, and access to advanced AI models, thereby safeguarding their digital rights [9][10] - The government is committed to building a "digital home" for residents, ensuring their survival, communication, development, and wisdom rights in the digital realm [9][10] Group 4: Expanding AI Ecosystem - Longgang has released a second batch of "city + AI" application scenarios, covering 21 key areas and 424 specific scenarios, promoting the integration of AI into urban governance and public services [11][12] - The district plans to invest 10 billion in government orders over three years to support the application of new technologies and products, fostering a robust AI ecosystem [12][13]

Market Overview - US stock indices collectively rose, with the Dow Jones up 0.11%, S&P 500 up 0.47%, and Nasdaq up 0.94%, marking new closing highs for S&P 500 and Nasdaq [1] - Major tech stocks saw gains, with Google rising over 4% to become the fourth US-listed company with a market value exceeding $3 trillion, while Tesla and Oracle increased by over 3% [1] - Chinese concept stocks mostly rose, with the Nasdaq Golden Dragon China Index up 0.87%, and notable gains from Li Auto (over 6%), Bilibili (over 5%), NIO (over 4%), and XPeng (over 2%) [1] Industry Insights - Huawei is set to hold a conference on September 19, 2025, to fully open-source its CANN architecture, aiming to disrupt Nvidia's dominance in the AI development ecosystem [2] - The open-source CANN platform allows developers to freely combine computing modules, promoting the development of domestic AI applications [2] - Nvidia is pushing suppliers to develop MLCP technology, which is 3-5 times the cost of existing cooling solutions, to manage the high power consumption of its next-generation AI platforms [3] - The cooling technology industry is shifting from "technical breakthroughs" to "scale applications," driven by the exponential increase in AI computing power [3] - Hesai Technology announced a laser radar order worth over $40 million with a leading US Robotaxi company, set to be delivered by the end of 2026 [4] - The cost of laser radar has significantly decreased, enhancing the sales volume of related manufacturers and improving profit margins [5] Stock Movements - Several companies announced plans for share reductions by major shareholders, including Hai Li Wind Power, Beiwai Technology, and others, indicating potential shifts in ownership dynamics [6][7] - Shanghai Pharmaceuticals' controlling shareholder plans to increase its stake in the company by acquiring up to 74 million H-shares over the next 12 months [8]